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the digestive system and its function and accessory organs
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- 2. Review of the pastlesson
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- 8. Digestive System - Seriesof connective organs that allows the body to break down and absorb the food you eat. - Also responsible for removing or excreting waste.
- 9. Esophagus - Muscular tubethat can open and close at the upper end, that connects the throat to the stomach. - The food is being pushed into the stomach that is consumed by powerful acids, enzymes and other chemicals. = Pepsin
- 10. Stomach - An elastic,large, muscular, pear-shaped bag with a multi-chambered organ located crosswise in the abdominal cavity beneath the diaphragm. - Its main function is to digest food.
- 11. Stomach - The musclestightens and contracts to smash, mix and mash the food inside. - Sphincters- ring of muscle fibers that stay closed to keep the food in the stomach until it is ready to pass in the intestines. - Peristalsis- movement when muscles relax and contracts in the digestive tract. - 2-3 hours before it pass through the intestines.
- 12. HOW DO ITAKE CARE OF MY STOMACH? YES NO 1. Do I wash my hands before and after eating? 2. Do I eat/drink street food? 3. Do I eat small frequent meals instead of few big meals? 4. Do I eat junk food instead of healthy foods? 5. Do I run after I eat my meals? 6. Do I drink alcoholic beverages? 7. Do I visit my doctor for proper vaccination?
- 13. Intestine - The musculartube that extends from the lower end of your stomach to your anus/rectum. - Also called as bowel or bowels. - Divided into two sections: Small and Large intestines.
- 14. Small Intestine - Anorgan that is made up of three segments. - Formed through a passed from your stomach going to the large intestine. - Narrow but very large tube that works to digest food. - Pylorus- opening between your stomach and the small intestine.
- 15. Three Segments ofSmall Intestine
- 16. Three Segments ● DUODENUM -receives semi-digested food from the stomach to the pylorus. - shortest section - help digest the food which uses bile from the gallbladder, liver and pancreas.
- 17. Three Segments ● Jejunum -middle section of the small intestines. - brings food rapidly with wave-like muscle contraction going to the ileum.
- 18. Three Segments ● Ileum -the longest part of the small intestine. - the segment where most of the food nutrients are absorbed before going into the large intestine.
- 19. Large Intestine - Measuresfor about 1.5 meters or 5 feet long. - It is much broader and shorter than the small intestines. - Sometimes called “colon” - Main function is to absorb water and salts from the material that has not been digested. - Also helps in excreting waste products. - It contains millions of tiny helpers that is called microbes.
- 20. Large Intestine - Microbes-uses some of the digested food products, while the body absorbs the rest. - The gut in the body provides the microbes with a safe, warm, moist food filled place to live.
- 21. Three Segments ofLarge Intestine
- 22. Three Segments ● Cecum -about 3 centimeters long that looks like a pouch. - it digests liquid taken from the ileum and passes through the colon.
- 23. Three Segments ● Colon -major section of the large intestine. - absorb salts when needed. - located where the water reabsorption happens. - divided into three parts: Ascending, Transverse, and Descending colon
- 24. Three Segments ● Rectum -measures from 2.5 to 4 centimeters which is the final section of the digestive tract. - waste collector or leftover collector.
- 25. The Liver LIVER - internalorgan found in the upper right abdomen. FUNCTIONS OF LIVER - Produce bile- green fluid stored in the bag called gallbladder. - Excreting waste products - Absorb drugs and other poisonous substances in the blood.
- 26. The Kidneys KIDNEY - bestdescribed as two bean- shaped organs located at the back of abdominal cavity. - drainage tube- that is called ureter that has thick layer of smooth muscles that contracts rhythmically. MAJOR FUNCTION - Sustain the body’s chemical balance by getting waste products and excess fluid in the form of urine.
- 27. The Kidneys FUNCTIONS OFKIDNEY: - Balance the body’s fluids - Remove drugs from the body - Remove waste products from the body - Control the production of red blood cells - Release hormones that regulate blood pressure - Produce an active form of vitamin D that promotes strong and healthy bones.
- 28. The Gallbladder GALLBLADDER - actsas a reservoir for holding bile on its way from the liver to the intestines. - an organ that receives the bile from the liver and stores it until it is needed in the digestive system to break down fats and cholesterol.
- 29. The Pancreas PANCREAS - secretesdigestive juices into the small intestines. It produces enzymes that break our food down small enough to be absorbed into our body.
- 30. The Spleen SPLEEN - itworks as part of the lymphatic system to protect the body, clearing worn out red blood cells and other foreign bodies to fight infection.
- 31. The Urinary Bladder URINARYBLADDER -main function is collect urine excreted by the kidneys before disposal by the process we call urination.
- 32. COMMON AILMENTS ●GASTRIC ULCER -The walls of the stomach produces acid that is used in the digestion. But it may eat away or damage the lining of the stomach and cause gastric ulcer.
- 33. COMMON AILMENTS ●INDIGESTION - Discomfortfelt in the upper stomach when a person eats too much or too quickly. - Caused by eating spicy and fatty food.
- 34. COMMON AILMENTS ●HEPATITIS - Inflammationof the liver caused by a virus, drugs or chemicals. 2 TYPES OF HEPATITIS ● Hepatitis A - contaminate food or water ● Hepatitis B- blood transfuion (yellow