THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.pptx Understanding the basics of the digestive system

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.pptx Understanding the basics of the digestive system

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  THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM BYMR.ADEDEK.JRN,OR REGISTEREDNURSE,OPERATINGROOM THEAGAKHANUNIVERSITYHOSPITAL.NAIROBI
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  Jens Martensson OBJECTIVE • Introduction& Definitions • Define Structures of the Gastro-intestinal tract ( GIT ) & the adaptive features. • Describe Functions of the Digestive system • Conditions affecting the Digestive system. 2
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  Jens Martensson INTRODUCTION • Thehuman digestive system consists of the digestive tract or the series of structures and organs through which food and liquids pass during their processing into forms absorbable into the bloodstream. • The system also consists of the structures through which wastes pass in the process of elimination and other organs that contribute juices necessary for the digestive process. 3
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  Jens Martensson STRUCTURES & FUNCTIONSOF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • Digestion starts in the mouth where chewing and saliva breaks down food so it is more easily processed by your body. • Esophagus: The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx (throat) to the stomach. The esophagus contracts as it moves food into the stomach. 4
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  Jens Martensson • Stomach:An organ with strong muscular walls, the stomach holds the food and mixes it with acid and enzymes that continue to break the food down into a liquid or paste. • Small Intestine (Small Bowel): Almost 20 feet long, the small intestine is the workhorse of the digestive system. It will continue to break down food with enzymes released by the pancreas and bile released from the liver. It is made up of three segments, the duodenum, which continues the breakdown of food; and the jejunum and ileum, which are mainly responsible for the absorption of nutrients. 5
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  Jens Martensson • Pancreas:Your pancreas is located behind your stomach and is attached to both your gall bladder and your small intestines. Among other functions, the pancreas aids in digestion by producing digestive enzymes and secreting them into the duodenum. These enzymes break down protein, fats, and carbohydrates. 6
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  Jens Martensson • Liver:An organ with many functions, your liver’s two main responsibilities in the process of digestion are to make and secrete bile and to process and purify the blood containing newly absorbed nutrients that are coming from the small intestine. Bile has two main purposes: to help absorb fats and to carry waste from the liver that cannot go through the kidneys. • Bile Ducts: Bile made in the liver travels to the small intestine through the bile ducts. If the bile isn’t needed immediately, it is stored in the gallbladder. 7
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  Jens Martensson • Gallbladder:A pear-shaped reservoir located just under the liver that receives and stores bile made in the liver. The gallbladder sends this stored bile into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of food. • Colon (Large Intestine): A 5- to 7-foot-long muscular tube that connects the small intestine to the rectum and is responsible for processing waste so that defecation is easy and convenient. It is made up of the ascending (right) colon, the transverse (across) colon, the descending (left) colon and the sigmoid colon, which connects to the rectum. 8
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  Jens Martensson • Rectum:An 8-inch chamber that connects the colon to the anus. The rectum receives stool from the colon, sends signals to the brain if there is stool to be evacuated, and holds stool until evacuation can happen. • Anus: The last part of the digestive tract, the anus, consists of pelvic floor muscles and two anal sphincters (internal and external). Together their jobs are to detect rectal contents, whether they are liquid, gas or solid, and then control when stool should and shouldn’t be excreted from your body. 9
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  Jens Martensson 10 STRUCTURESOF THE GIT
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  Jens Martensson 11
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  Jens Martensson COMMON CONDITIONSOF THE DIGESTIVE SYSYTEM • 1. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) • When stomach acid backs up into your esophagus a condition called acid reflux you may feel a burning pain in the middle of your chest. • 2. Gallstones Are hard deposits that form in your gallbladder a small, pear- shaped sac that stores and secretes bile for digestion. 12
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  Jens Martensson • 3Hemorrhoids • If there’s bright red blood in the toilet bowl when you move your bowels, it could be a sign of hemmrrhoids. • Hemorrhoids are swollen veins found in your anus or lower rectum that can be painful and itchy. 13
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  Thank You Mr. Adede K.J,RN,OR [email protected]