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The European Renaissance.pptx Literature
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- 2. European State-Building 2ndhalf of 15th century = began to recover from the plague and rebuild its population State-building occurred as Europe rebuilt politically Fragmented system of many separate, independent, and highly competitive states Examples: Spain, Portugal, France, England, etc.
- 3. European State-Building Allof these states began to: Tax their citizens more efficiently Create more effective administrative structures Raise standing armies State-building driven by: The needs of war warfare very frequent in such a fragmented and competitive political environment
- 4. The Hundred Year’sWar (1337-1453) Between England and France Fought over rival claims to territories in France Result = French victory
- 5. Joan of Arc Born a peasant girl; became a French female knight Led the French army to several important victories in the Hundred Years’ War Claimed divine guidance Captured by the English and burned at the stake at 19 years old
- 6. The Renaissance (1300s- 1600s) Cultural awakening in Western Europe Began in Italy Means “rebirth” in French Transition from the Dark Ages/Medieval Times to modern times Embraced ancient Roman and ancient Greek traditions
- 7. So Why Italy? Italy had avoided large economic crisis in Europe during Middle Ages Italian cities = centers of Mediterranean trade Italians = attached to classical Roman traditions Italian towns = close contact with Byzantine and Muslim Empires which preserved Greek traditions
- 8. Major Themes ofthe Renaissance Importance of classical learning Emphasis on the individual Adventurous spirit and willingness to experiment Focus on realism in art and literature Questioning of traditional religious ideas
- 9. Humanism Renewed interestsin the classics of Greece & Rome Humanism = intellectual movement that focused on secular (worldly, nonreligious) themes rather than religious ideas that had dominated medieval thought Believed in individualism = emphasis on the dignity & worth of the individual person Believed that people should try to improve themselves
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- 11. Education and Literature Opened schools that taught the humanities Greek, Latin, history, philosophy, etc. New types of literature Written in the vernacular = everyday language Sonnets = short poems of 14 lines Petrarch = wrote sonnets about love & nature
- 12. Education and Literature New types of literature Autobiographies The Prince = book written by Niccolo Machiavelli Discussed politics Said rulers should use force & deceit to maintain power --> Do what you gotta do
- 13. Italian City States- Florence Controlled by the Medici family Rulers encouraged humanism Birthplace of the Italian Renaissance Medici wealth was used to support artists, philosophers, writers City was wealthy due to wool production and banking
- 14. Italian City States- Rome Renaissance popes had the ancient city rebuilt Home of the Roman Catholic Church Large churches, magnificent paintings, and sculptures Most notable effort = rebuilding of St. Peter’s Basilica = largest Christian church in the world (this would eventually cause the Reformation)
- 15. Italian City States- Venice Prospered as a trade city Wealthiest city-state of the Renaissance Trade link between Asia & western Europe Known for its artistic achievements
- 16. Italian City States- Milan Milan dominated the inland trade routes Gateway from Italy to northern Europe
- 17. Renaissance Art Subjectswere lifelike Used perspective in paintings Studied human anatomy Great artists were revered & had a prominent place in society Art featured both classical mythology as well as religious themes
- 18. Architecture Returned tothe classical style Domes, columns Greatest architect = Brunelleschi
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- 20. Sculpture Nude figuresin bronze & marble Resembled ancient Greek & Roman statues Donatello, Michelangelo, Ghiberti = came from Florence Famous statue by Michelangelo = Statue of David
- 21. Painting Realistic style Giotto = painted famous frescoes = murals/paintings on walls Leonardo da Vinci = painted the Mona Lisa & the Last Supper Michelangelo = painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
- 22. Leonardo Da Vinci 1452-1519 Thought of himself as an artist Botany, anatomy, optics, music, architecture, engineering Made sketches of flying machines and undersea boats centuries before actually built Painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
- 23. Michelangelo Buonarroti 1475-1564 Sculptor, engineer, painter, architect, and poet Work reflects life-long spiritual and artistic struggles David and the Pieta Sistine Chapel in Rome Dome of St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome
- 24. Raphael Sanzio 1483-1520 Artistic talent and “sweet and gracious nature” Blended Christian and classical styles Tender portrayals of the Madonna (mother of Jesus) The School of Athens
- 25. The Northern Renaissance Centered in the Low Countries – Belgium and the Netherlands Art styles were determined partially by climate – few frescos, more stained glass, wooden carvings, canvas oil paintings Jan van Eyck – Flemish painter famous for using oil paints Albrecht Durer – German wood carver
- 27. The Printing Press Johannes Gutenberg was first European to develop movable type – lead to the mass production of books. Writings from Miguel de Cervantes, William Shakespeare, and many Protestant reformers spread across Europe as a result