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The french revolution
- 1. Pre test • Whatwere the causes of the French Revolution? • Who were some important people in the French Revolution? • Who was Napoleon Bonaparte • What do YOU want to know about the French Revolution and Napoleon • Prediction: What do you think this will be about?
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- 3. Estates or Socialclasses: •First Estate: the church (aka clergy) owns 65% land, is .5% of pop & is tax exempt *Second Estate: Nobles who hold govt & military positions. Own 25% of land, but 1.5% of pop. Tax exempt
- 4. *Third Estate: 98%of pop, pay all taxes, own no land Includes peasants & Bourgeoisie –who were middle class (drs Merchants, lawyers, writers upset w/ nobles)
- 6. • Don’t write! •What do you see in the image • Who does each person represent? • What does this image tell you about the Three estates in France?
- 8. First Estate Second Estate ThirdEstate *Had little to no land *peasants *Sought to expand powers *Clergy * Shopkeepers & skilled *Bourgeoisie craftspeople *Some aristocrat & some *Nobility commoners *Exempt from taille *Held many leading *Many had feudal Obligations government positions
- 9. •Many problems: *Social-social classes, *Economic:Bad harvests, rising food prices, taxes on 3rd estate, Louis XVI spending money on wars, luxuries. *Political- no rights, voting, absolute monarch
- 10. •Louis XVI meets w/ EstatesGeneral (a gathering of representatives from all three estates) to raise taxes.
- 11. • Each estategets ONE vote so 3rd asks for a vote from each person. • 3rd wants to get rid of tax exempt. • King says no & locks palaces so 3rd Estate can’t meet.
- 13. •3rd Estate meets 6/17/1789 &calls itself National Assembly • Swear TENNIS COURT OATH to write new Fr constitution
- 14. •July 14th , 1789mob storms Bastille, (prison in Paris) after Louis XVI uses troops against National Assembly.
- 15. National Assembly meton Aug. 4th , 1789 & abolish rights of landlords, tax exemptions, Church tithes (after rebellions broke out)
- 17. •Aug 26, 1789,adopt Declaration of the Rights of Man which gave basic liberties for MEN such as: equal rights, freedom of press, speech & no tax exempt. (enlightenment ideas)
- 18. Philosophe Key WorksKey Ideas Montesquieu Spirit of Laws Principle of separation of powers helps a govt operate without oppressive power No one person is too strong Voltaire Treatise on Toleration “All men are brothers” Religious toleration Freedom of thought and speech Rousseau The Social Contract Society should be governed by the general will of its citizens
- 19. •Louis XVI says no. •Armedwomen march & force family to Paris to accept Declaration of Man & National Assembly
- 20. •New constitution written 1791 •Creates Legislative Assembly& limited king •Men who paid certain amt in taxes could vote (2/3 of pop).
- 21. •Lower classes sayno b/c they can’t vote •King flees, is caught & arrested. •Aus & Prussia want Louis back in power, so Leg Assembly declares war (big losses).
- 22. •Communes were radical political groups •ParisCommune wants Leg Assembly to call for National Convention w/ universal suffrage (they arrest the king & run Paris!)
- 23. •Commune members nickname themselves SANS-COULOTTES (hadno fine clothes, wore pants & were mostly poor working class)
- 24. •At National Convention,, Georges Danton (leader ofPC) chosen as Minister of Justice. Went after royal supporters, murdering 1000s.
- 25. • DO NOTWRITE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! • Sept 1792: National Convention is the ruling body. • Mostly lawyers & property owners who distrust king. • Spilt into 2 groups over what to do w/ king. • Both part of JACOBINS- a network of political groups. GIRONDINS- keep king alive. MOUNTAIN- Kill king
- 26. • King guillotined1793 • Other nations go to war against France (Aus, Pru, SP, Br, Port, Rus)
- 27. • DON’T WRITE! •Also killed Louis’ wife, Marie Antoinette. • Famous for her excess & for saying “let them eat cake”
- 28. •Nat Convention givesthe COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY (Danton) broad powers to do anything to protect France from enemies of the Revolution •Prosecuted enemies of rev & 40,000 die, 16,000 by guillotine alone)
- 29. •MAXIMILLAIN ROBESPIERRE took over CPS afterDanton was arrested & guillotined Pity is treason
- 30. •1793-1794 was called theReign of Terror when people feared being arrested or killed for little reason
- 33. Why did theguillotine come to symbolize the French Revolution? Don’t write! • Joseph-Ignace Guillion helped push through a law to require executions be by the machine because it was quick & painless
- 34. • This reportwas written by a Dr. Beaurieux, who experimented with the head of a condemned prisoner by the name of Henri Languille, on 28 June 1905: • Here, then, is what I was able to note immediately after the decapitation: the eyelids and lips of the guillotined man worked in irregularly rhythmic contractions for about five or six seconds. This phenomenon has been remarked by all those finding themselves in the same conditions as myself for observing what happens after the severing of the neck ...I waited for several seconds. The spasmodic movements ceased. It was then that I called in a strong, sharp voice: "Languille!" I saw the eyelids slowly lift up, without any spasmodic contractions – I insist advisedly on this peculiarity – but with an even movement, quite distinct and normal, such as happens in everyday life, with people awakened or torn from their thoughts. Next his eyes very definitely fixed themselves on mine and the pupils focused themselves. I was not, then, dealing with the sort of vague dull look without any expression, that can be observed any day in dying people to whom one speaks: I was dealing with undeniably living eyes which were looking at me. After several seconds, the eyelids closed again . It was at that point that I called out again and, once more, without any spasm, slowly, the eyelids lifted and undeniably living eyes fixed themselves on mine with perhaps even more penetration than the first time. Then there was a further closing of the eyelids, but now less complete. I attempted the effect of a third call; there was no further movement & the eyes took on the glazed look which they have in the
- 35. • France builta huge army & pushed back its enemies. • National Convention guillotined Robespierre in 1794. • Middle class took over & reduce power of CPS. They set up new Constitution of 1795 w/ a new leg assembly of 2 houses.
- 37. New govt had5 directors act as executive committee & was called DIRECTORY. Very Corrupt
- 38. governments Legislative Assembly Estates General National Assembly NationalConvention Ruling body of France est by French Republic in 1792 Governmental body est by Constitution of 1791 to make laws Body est by the 3rd Estate to draft Constitution of 1791 Formal deputies from the 1st , 2nd and 3rd estates
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- 41. Napoleon led COUPDE TAT (or sudden overthrow) in 1799 of Directory
- 42. •Set up newgovt called CONSULATE so Nap controls army, foreign affairs & legislature He crowns self Emperor in 1804, but called France a republic
- 45. •Made agreement w/ Catholic church wherehe recognized it as church of France & in return pope did not ask for stolen lands back.
- 46. •The Napoleonic Code created7 codes of law. •CIVIL CODE most important. – equality of citizens, religious toleration, abolish serfdom, choose profession. (ideas of liberty)
- 47. Despotism: 1. hurt women’srights & divorce. 2. Censored newspapers, govt opened mail 3. New nobles mostly military & middle class. 4. Secret police
- 48. •DO NOT WRITE!!!! •WhenNap became Consul, he signed peace •War begins again in 1803 •Btw 1805-1807, Nap beats Aus, Prus, & Rus armies.
- 49. •Built GRAND EMPIRE btw 1807-1812 which includedFr & Italy, Holland, Swiss Republic, SP, Rhine Confederation & Warsaw
- 52. DON”T WRITE!!!! • Naptries to invade GB, butloses • Tries to block Brit trade & weaken them through CONTINENTAL SYSTEM (can’t buy Br goods) • Others ignore it
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- 54. •Invades Russia in1812 •Grand Army of 600,000 march in. • Rus army retreats 100s of miles, burning own villages as, so French can’t get supplies.
- 55. •Find Moscow inflames in Winter. Nap retreats & only 40,000 men live.
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- 59. •DO NOT WRITE!!! •Nations rise against a weakened France. • Paris taken in Mar 1814 • Napoleon exiled to Elba & monarchy restored • Louis XVIII weak. • Nap escapes & troops join his side despite being sent to capture him
- 60. • Don’t write!!! •“Soldiers of the 5th regiment, I am your Emperor ….If there is a man among you who would kill his emperor, here I am”, • With troops on his side claims self emperor again & goes to Paris Mar 20, 1815. • Nations (Br, Pru, )rise again to get rid of Nap
- 61. At Battle ofWaterloo in Belgium, combined Br & Pru forces under Duke Wellington deafeat him on June 18th , 1815 & exiled to St Helena (dies there)
- 62. • The Consecrationof the Emperor Napoleon and the Coronation of The Empress Josephine (Jacque-Louis David 1806) 20 by 32 feet • Hired by Napoleon. David made “changes” to what happened. Shows him crowning his wife, made her younger & prettier & added Napoleon’s mother who did not come
- 63. • Maniac ravingsor Little Boney in a Striog fit. James Gillray • Gilray, Brit cartoonist. Scattered on florr are documents from his desk (List of Future Conquests & Plan for invading Britain) • Brits saw him as power hungry, maybe insane, a tyrant. • What does name tell you?
- 65. • http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=otnADq4Y0-A • napoleon •http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=8gC00avITj0
- 66. Groups of 2-3(do all on back on Dec paper) 1. Decide how rights of an individual (man) differ from rights of a citizen (write it down) 2. Draw a chart Come up with 3 rights each! (using your descriptions) 3. Compare with the real Dec of Rights of Man. What is similar? Different? 4. What are the TOP 3 most important in your opinion? Why? 5. Last, follow directions at top of Dec of Rights handout! Note where you see the beliefs of the philosophes as well! Name drop! Rights of Man Rights of Citizen life right to vote
- 67. Get in Groupsof 4 1. One person represents the 1st Estate, 1 the 2nd Estate& 2 the Third Estate (1 peasant, 1 Bourgeoisie) 2. Together, fill out notes on the meeting what each estate would want at this meeting to create a new constitution (for ex: voting right: who would get to vote) 3. Now, create a an outline for a new constitution. (fill out the outline sheet) Let’s see how close you got to the ideas of the philosophes!
- 68. Write a Poe-likestory about the Reign of Terror! Use your knowledge (& notes) of this terrible time period & write as story as someone or something that lived/died during this time! Keep in mind some Poe-like elements a narrator death revenge Mood tone Vague setting Trying to convince the reader you are not crazy!