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The human respiratory system ppt.1pptx
The human respiratory system allows for gas exchange between the external environment and blood. It consists of the nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, diaphragm and other structures. During inspiration, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, lowering pressure and allowing air into the lungs. During expiration, they relax, raising pressure and pushing air out. Oxygen diffuses into the blood in the lungs and carbon dioxide diffuses out, carried by red blood cells to and from tissues via cellular respiration.
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The human respiratory system ppt.1pptx
- 1. THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM THEHUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- 2. SUBMITTED TO Dr.PADMAPRIYA .P.V N.S.STRAINING COLLEGE PANDALAM SUBMITTED BY ANJANA VIDYADHARAN NATURAL SCIENCE N.S.S TRAINING COLLEGE PANDALAM
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- 4. FRIENDS DO YOUKNOW WHAT IS RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- 5. The Human RespiratorySystem Respiratory system (or ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used forthe process of respiration in an organism. The respiratory system is involved in the intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment. In air-breathing vertebrates like human beings, respiration takes place in the respiratory organs called lungs. The passage of air into the lungs to supply the body with oxygen is known as inhalation, and the passage of air out of the lungs to expel carbon dioxide is known as exhalation; this process is collectively called breathing or ventilation. In humans and other mammals, the anatomical features of the respiratory system include trachea, bronchi,
- 6. bronchioles, lungs, anddiaphragm. Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous external environment and the blood. This exchange process occurs in the alveoli air sacs in the lungs.In fish and many invertebrates, respiration takes place through the gills. Other animals, such as insects, have respiratory systems with very simple anatomical features, and in amphibians even the skin plays a vital role in gas exchange. Plants also have respiratory systems but
- 7. but the directionalityof gas exchange can be opposite to that in animals. The respiratory system in plants also includes anatomical features such as holes on the undersides of leaves known as stomata.
- 8. Key concept AIR TRACTINSPIRATION EXPIRATION
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- 10. Respiratory system Akku andchiku were playing in school playground .
- 11. Yes ,when yourun fast you need more energy. What is the link between energy and breathing.
- 12. This is aprocess known as respiration.. Do you know how these process takes place…
- 13. No let usstudy the process..
- 14. Respiratory system Respiratory systemis the organs in your body that helps your body that helps you breath.so you can deliver oxygen and take away carbondioxide.
- 15. Parts of respiratorysystem Observe the image and videos given..
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- 18. Wow the trachea islike water pipe And the lungs is exactly look like the half of tomato.let have a look on it
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- 20. Parts and functions Therespiratory system extends from the nostrils to the lungs. Nostrils- The opening through which air enters the body.There are minute hairs and mucosa in the nostrils.They prevent the entry of dust and harmful germs into the lungs. Nasal cavity-the chamber following the nostrils.It opens into the pharynx. Epiglottis-The oesophagus and trachea start at the pharynx ,a common passage for food and air.So there is a chance for food to enter the trachea.it is the epiglottis that prevent this.
- 21. Trachea-Starts at thepharynx .It is made up of incomplete rings of cartilage.There are cilia and mucus in this. Bronchi-Two branches of the trachea.Each open into a lung on each side. Lungs-Two lungs found on either side of the heart in the the thoracic cavity.These are soft ,spongy,and elastic air bag.Lungs are lobular organs.The right lung has three lobes,the left has two lobes.
- 22. The branching networkof bronchi,bronchioles, and alveoli constitute the lung. Pleura-Double membrane covering the lung.There is a fluid between these membranes.The fluid reduces friction when the lungs contract and relax. Bronchioles-Branches of the bronchi.carry air into the alveoli. Alveoli-Each bronchiole ends in a group of alveoli.The lung is made up of alveoli.There are blood capillaries covering the alveoli.Exchange of gases takesplace at the alveoli.The alveoli increase the surface area of the lungs,thus making exchange of gases efficient. Diaphragm-It is the largest muscle of the body.
- 23. Respiratory system consistsof Nostrils Nasal cavity Pharynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli
- 24. Mechanism of breathing Observethe given diagram and the video
- 27. The pathway ofinspiration Atmospheric air External nostrils Nasal cavity Nasopharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveolar duct Alveoli. The pathway of Expiration. Alveoli Alveolar ducts Broncioles Bronchi Trachea Larynx Nasopharynx Nasal cavity External nostrils Atmospere.
- 28. The inflow andout flow of air between atmosphere and te alveoli of the lungs is called breathing It is effected by the expansion and contraction of lungs. During inspiration (inhalation), the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract. During exhalation, these muscles relax. The diaphragm domes upwards. This results the pulling of the ribs upwards and outwards.
- 29. Now on thebasis of indicators given formulate inferences
- 30. INDICATORS How does thestructure of the lungs suit the process of breathing? What change occurs in the thoracic wall during breathing? What are the changes occurring to the air pressure in the thoracic cavity during the change in the shape of the diaphragm?
- 31. Consolidation The structure ofthe lungs is most suitable for the process of breathing.It is the alveoli of the lungs that exchange of gases takes place.Since there are a number of alveoli ,there is an increased surface area for the lungs. Also the muscles between the ribs and the diaphragm help the process of inspiration and expiration. The changes that occur to the thoracic wall and the diaphragm help the processes of inspiration and expiration.
- 32. The changes thatoccur to the thoracic wall and the diaphragm help the processes of inspiration and expiration, Diaphragm is a muscular wall that separate the thoracic and abdominal cavities in mammals. When the diaphragm lowers , the thoracic cavity expands and the pressure inside it lowers.Then air rushes into the lungs(inspiration).
- 33. When the diaphragmrises,the thoracic cavity contracts and the pressure inside it increases.Then air is pushed out of the lungs(expiration). Are the components of inhaled and exhaled air is the same…you have got the answer by observing the table given
- 34. Components Inhaled airin percent Exhaled air in percent Oxygen 21 14 Carbondioxide 0.03 5 Water vapour 0.03 2.06 Nitrogen 78.94 78.94
- 35. Consolidation The amount ofoxygen in the expired air is less than that in the inspired air.it is because some oxygen in the inspired air is absorbed into blood. The amount of carbondioxide in the expired air is more .it is because during the exchange of gases ,some carbondioxide in the blood diffused into the air in the lungs. When energy is produced in the cells,water is formed as a by-product.a portion of this water joins the expired air.that is why the amount of water is more in the expired air. Nitrogen is neither absorbed or expelled.so there is no difference in the amount of nitrogen.
- 36. Oxygen into thecell Observe the video
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- 39. Description Blood is themedium of transport of respiratory gases Blood transport oxygen from the lungs to the different body tissues. Red coloured ,iron containing respiratory pigment called haemoglobin is present in blood After the pulmonary gas exchange, oxygen is transported to various body tissues through the blood. The blood in the pulmonary artery has less oxygen and more carbondioxide. In the alveolus,the concentration of oxygen is more than that in the blood within the capillaries.so oxygen diffuses into the blood from the alveolus.
- 40. When the oxygenenters the blood ,the haemoglobin in blood combines with that oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin. Haemoglobin combines easily with oxygen. Oxyhaemoglobin is an unstable compound,so it gives up oxygen very easily also. There is no nucleus or other cell organelles in the red blood cells,so they can contain a good amount of haemoglobin.
- 41. Cellular respiration Observe thestructure of mitochondria
- 42. A mitochondrion hasa covering of two membranes. They are the inner membrane and the outer membrane. The inner membrane has folds called cristae. The substance within the inner membrane is called matrix. Krebs cycle takes place in the matrix ATP synthesis takes place in the cristae.
- 43. Observe the illustrationof cellular respiration
- 45. Description The production ofenergy within the cell is called cellular respiration. Cellular respiration has two stages namely, 1.glycolysis .2. Krebs cycle . In gycolysis glucose molecules breakdown to form pyruvic acid . Glycolisis takesplace in the cytoplasm Krebs cycle takes ,place in the mitochondria,oxygen is needed.
- 46. During glycolysis 4ATP molecules of energy is produced from a glucose molecule.From this 2ATP is utilized for the glycolysis reaction and the net amount of energy is 2ATP. ATP is adenosine triphosphate and ADP is adenosine diphosphate. Pyruvic acid is formed as a result of glycolysis in the cytoplasm. The pyruvic acid formed in the cytoplasm enters the mitochondrion
- 47. Due to theseries of chemical reaction taking place in the mitochondrion,energy is produced along with the by- products water and carbondioxide. Pyruvic acid Energy + CO2 +Water Excess water leaves the body in the form of urine,sweat,and as water vapour in te exhaled air.these reactions were discovered by Hans Adolf Krebs .So these reactions are together known as krebs cycle.
- 48. The transport ofcarbondioxide Analyse the figure
- 49. Cell carbondioxide formed by cellular respiration Tothe tissue fluid To the blood By dissolving in the water of plasma As bicarbonate by dissolvinginto the water of the red blood cells As carbaminohaemoglobin by combining with haemoglobin
- 50. To the alveoliin the lungs To the outside through the nostrils
- 51. Consolidation Carbondioxide is formedin cells during cellular respiration. This carbondioxide reaches the tissue fluid. The carbondioxide enters blood from the tissue fluid. Carbondioxide dissolves in the water in the blood plasma forming carbonic acid Carbondioxide dissolves in the water in the red blood cells forming bicarbonate
- 52. Carbondioxide combines withhaemoglobin to form carbaminohaemoglobin These substance reach the alveoli through blood. They turn again into carbondioxide. The carbondioxide is exhaled through the nostrils
- 53. Now I understand howour respiratory system works..thanku You are welcome..
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