The Liver: A Organ for Metabolism .pptx.

The Liver: A Organ for Metabolism .pptx.

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  By: Sakshi Ghasle “TheLiver: A Vital Organ for Metabolism and Detoxification”
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   Content • LiverOverview • Liver Anatomy • Functions of liver • Disease and Disorder of Liver • Symptoms of Liver Disease • Lifestyle tips for healthy Liver
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   Liver : •The liver is the vital organ of the human body • Liver is also called as metabolic organ • It performs numerous functions to maintain overall heath • It is the Largest internal organ weighing about 1.2-1.5 kg in adults. • Located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, just below the diaphragm
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   Anatomy ofthe Liver 1. Lobes: The lobes are divided into 2 main lobes The right lobe (Larger) The left lobe This 2 lobes are separated by the falciform ligament Each lobe is further divided into small functional unit called as Lobules. 2. Blood Supply: Hepatic Artery : Provide Oxygenated Blood Portal vein : Supply nutrients rich blood from gastrointestinal tract 3. Bile Duct: The liver produces bile which is transported through a network of ducts to the gallbladder and small intestine.
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   Functions ofliver • Metabolism: o Carbohydrates : Maintains blood glucose levels by storing glycogen and concerting it back to glucose o Proteins: Synthesizes plasma proteins(e.g. Albumin)and converts ammonia to urea. o Fats: Metabolizes fatty acids and produces cholesterol • Detoxification: o Processes and eliminates toxins, drugs, and harmful substances from the bloodstream. • Bile Production: o Produces bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats. • Storage: Stores vitamins ( A,D,E,K,B12) and minerals (Iron , copper) • Immune Function: Contains Kupffer cells, which help in filtering bacteria and other pathogens from the blood
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   Disease anddisorder of liver 1) Infectious Disease  Hepatitis: Viral Hepatitis: Caused by hepatitis viruses (A,B,C,D,and E) • Hepatitis A: Transmitted through contaminated food or water; acute but usually self- limiting. • Hepatitis B and C: Spread through blood and bodily fluids; can lead to chronic infection , cirrhosis , or liver cancer. • Hepatitis D: Requires hepatitis B for replication; more severe. • Hepatitis E: Spread through contaminated water; severe in pregnant women  Autoimmune Hepatitis: The immune system attacks liver cells, causing inflammation
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  2) Alcohol –RelatedDisorders  Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease(AFLD) : AFLD is occurs due to the excess consumption of alcohol due to which the fat is accumulated in liver cells  Alcoholic Hepatitis: It is the swelling / inflammation of the liver caused by drinking excess amount of alcohol, which can ultimately caused liver damaged.  Alcoholic Cirrhosis: The death of liver cells occurs, followed by irreversible Scarring of liver Due to the prolonged alcohol use 3) Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease(NAFLD) Fat accumulation in the liver who consume little or no alcohol Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: A more severe form involving inflammation and damage, leading to cirrhosis
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  4) Liver Cancer •Primary liver Cancer : • Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): This is linked to Cirrhosis and Hepatitis B/C, also it occurs when a tumor grows on the liver • Cholangiocarcinoma : Cancer of bile duct 5) Genetic and Metabolic Disorders: • Hemochromatosis : Excess iron buildup in liver caused damage • Wilson’s Disease: Excess copper accumulation due to a genetic defect • Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: A genetic Disorder leading to liver and lung damage 6) Biliary Disorders • Primary Biliary Cholangitis( PBC) : Autoimmune disease in which the bile ducts are inflamed and slowly destroyed. • Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) : Chronic inflammation and scaring of bile ducts; associated with inflammatory bowel disease • Gallstones: Blockage of bile flow, potentially leading to liver dysfunction
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  7) Liver failure Acute Liver Failure: Rapid loss of liver function ; caused by viral infections, drug toxicity, or toxins  Chronic Liver Failure : Result of progressive liver like cirrhosis 8) Vascular Disorders  Portal Hypertension: Increased pressure in the portal vein due to cirrhosis.  Budd – Chiari Syndrome Blockage of hepatic veins , lading to liver enlargement and damage
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   Symptoms ofLiver Disease • Skin and Eyes become yellow (Jaundice) • Belly pain and swelling • Swelling of legs • Fatigue and weakness • Dark urine • Pale Stools • Nausea • Vomiting
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   Lifestyle tipsfor healthy liver • Maintain a balanced diet: Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables Choose whole grains Include heathy fats Avoid processed foods , Stay Hydrated • Limit Alcohol Consumption • Exercise Regularly • Avoid Toxins • Get vaccinated • Manage stress • Regular Health Checkups
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  Thank You !