The Near Future of CSS
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This document summarizes upcoming CSS features like Box Alignment Level 3, CSS Grid Layout, CSS Shapes, CSS Feature Queries, and CSS Custom Properties. It explains what each feature does at a high level and provides example code snippets. The document also encourages developers to get involved by filing issues on browser bug trackers, requesting new features, and creating blog posts/demos to help drive adoption of these new CSS specifications.
The Near Future of CSS
- 1. The Near Future of CSS Rachel Andrew
- 2. Rachel Andrew » https://rachelandrew.co.uk » https://grabaperch.com » @rachelandrew » Invited Expert to the CSS Working Group » Google Developer Expert
- 3. Box Alignment Level 3 This is the vertical centering module!
- 4. Centre the content of .box .box { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; } <div class="box"> <img alt="balloon" src="square-balloon.jpg"> </div> http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/XKaZWm
- 6. CSS Box Alignment Level 3 "The box alignment properties in CSS are a set of 6 properties that control alignment of boxes within other boxes." -- https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align/
- 7. CSS Box Alignment Level 3 Defines: » justify-content » align-content » justify-self » align-self » justify-items » align-items
- 9. .wrapper { display: flex; } .wrapper li { min-width: 1%; flex: 1 0 25%; } .wrapper li:nth-child(2) { align-self: center; } .wrapper li:nth-child(3) { align-self: flex-start; } .wrapper li:nth-child(4) { align-self: flex-end; } http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/RavbmN
- 10. The Box Alignment spec defines how these properties work in other layout methods
- 11. .wrapper { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr; } .wrapper li { min-width: 1%; } .wrapper li:nth-child(2) { align-self: center; } .wrapper li:nth-child(3) { align-self: start; } .wrapper li:nth-child(4) { align-self: end; } http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/jqdNoL
- 12. CSS Grid Layout "Unlike Flexbox, however, which is single-axis–oriented, Grid Layout is optimized for 2-dimensional layouts: those in which alignment of content is desired in both dimensions." -- https://drafts.csswg.org/css-grid/
- 13. Defining a simple grid .cards { display:grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; grid-gap: 10px; }
- 14. The fr unit Defines a fraction unit - a fraction of the available space. Works in a similar way to using flex-grow with a positive value.
- 16. Wrapped Flexbox Layout .cards { display:flex; flex-wrap: wrap; } .card { flex: 1 1 250px; margin: 5px; } http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/Gqvrwz
- 18. .cards { display:grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(200px,1fr)); grid-gap: 10px; } http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/VjzrgG
- 20. .cards { display:grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(12,1fr); grid-gap: 10px; } .card:nth-child(1) { grid-column: 1 / 4; } .card:nth-child(2) { grid-column: 1 / 4; grid-row: 2; } .card:nth-child(3) { grid-column: 9 / 13; grid-row: 2; } .card:nth-child(4) { grid-column: 4 / 10; } .card:nth-child(5) { grid-column: 10 / 13; } http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/XKaZwa
- 22. .card:nth-child(1) { grid-area: side1; } .card:nth-child(2) { grid-area: side2; } .card:nth-child(3) { grid-area: side3; } .card:nth-child(4) { grid-area: middle1; } .card:nth-child(5) { grid-area: side4; }
- 23. .cards { display:grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); grid-gap: 10px; grid-template-areas: "side1 middle1 middle1 side3" "side2 ....... ....... side4"; }
- 26. Lots of Grid Examples http://gridbyexample.com
- 27. CSS Shapes "CSS Shapes describe geometric shapes for use in CSS. For Level 1, CSS Shapes can be applied to floats. A circle shape on a float will cause inline content to wrap around the circle shape instead of the float’s bounding box." -- https://drafts.csswg.org/css-shapes/
- 29. A simple circle .balloon { float: left; width: 429px; shape-outside: circle(50%); } <div class="box"> <img class="balloon" src="round-balloon.png" alt="balloon"> <p>...</p> </div> http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/KrvyQq
- 31. Floating generated content to use Shapes .box::before { content: ""; display: block; float: left; width: 429px; height: 409px; shape-outside: circle(50%); } http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/mErqxy
- 33. Shapes and clip-path .balloon { float: right; width: 640px; height: 427px; shape-outside: ellipse(33% 50% at 460px); -webkit-clip-path: ellipse(28% 50% at 460px); clip-path: ellipse(28% 50% at 460px); } http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/xOLPLa/
- 35. CSS Feature Queries with @supports Like Modernizr but in native CSS. "The ‘@supports’ rule is a conditional group rule whose condition tests whether the user agent supports CSS property:value pairs." -- https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-conditional/#at-supports
- 37. Does my browser support display: flex? @supports (display: flex) { .has-flex { display: block; background-color: #0084AD; color: #fff; } }
- 38. Does my browser support display: grid? @supports (display: grid) { .has-grid { display: block; background-color: #284C6D; color: #fff; } }
- 39. Test more than 1 thing @supports ((display: grid) and (shape-outside: circle())) { .has-grid-shapes { display: block; background-color: #666; color: #fff; } } http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/RRkWKX/
- 40. .balloon { border: 1px solid #999; padding: 2px; } @supports ((shape-outside: ellipse()) and ((clip-path: ellipse()) or (-webkit-clip-path:ellipse()))) { .balloon { border: none; padding: 0; float: right; width: 640px; min-width: 640px; height: 427px; shape-outside: ellipse(33% 50% at 460px); -webkit-clip-path: ellipse(28% 50% at 460px); clip-path: ellipse(28% 50% at 460px); } }
- 43. Using feature queries » Write the css for older browsers » Inside the feature query reset those properties » Inside the feature query write your new CSS http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/vKJmXR
- 44. CSS Custom Properties (CSS Variables!)
- 45. CSS Custom Properties "This module introduces a family of custom author-defined properties known collectively as custom properties, which allow an author to assign arbitrary values to a property with an author-chosen name, and the var() function, which allow an author to then use those values in other properties elsewhere in the document." -- https://drafts.csswg.org/css-variables/
- 46. :root { --primary: blue; --secondary: orange; } h1 { color: var(--primary); } http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/qNXpEZ
- 47. Testing for custom properties :root { --primary: blue; --secondary: orange; } @supports (--primary: blue) { h1 { color: var(--primary); } h2 { color: var(--secondary); } } http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/mErpZA
- 49. Getting Involved CSS Specification discussion and issues are on github https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts
- 51. Raise issues with browsers » Mozilla https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/ » Edge https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/ platform/issues/ » Chrome https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/list
- 52. Request features Directly request features where browsers give you the means to do so. Writing blog posts, presentations and demos also helps.
- 53. If we don’t ask we don’t get Make some noise for the new shiny!