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THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.pptx
The male reproductive system contains the testes, which produce sperm and testosterone. The testes are held within the scrotum and connected to the body via the spermatic cord. Other structures include the seminal vesicles and prostate gland, which produce fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. The female reproductive system contains internal structures like the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries, as well as external genitalia like the vulva and clitoris. The ovaries produce eggs and hormones, while the uterus provides nourishment and support for a developing fetus. During intercourse, sperm must travel from the vagina through the cervix to reach and potentially fertilize an egg in the fallopian tubes.
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THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.pptx
- 1. Anjana Thomas Welcare collegeof nursing ANATOMY OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- 4. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM SCROTUM It is a pouch of deeply pigmented skin, fibrous and connective tissue and smooth muscle. It divided into two compartments each of which contain one testis, epididymis and the testicular end of a spermatic cord It lies below the symphysis pubis, in front of the upper part of thigh and behind penis
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- 6. Testes Reproductive glandsof the male 4.5 cm long, 2.5cm wide, 3cm thick Suspended in the scrotum by the spermatic cords 3 layers - Tunica vaginalis, tunica albuginea, tunica vasculosa Each testes are 200 -300 lobules, each lobule are 1 to 4 convoluted loops composed of germinal epithelial cells called seminiferous tubules. Between the tubules are groups of Interstitial cells- secret testosterone after Puberty
- 7. Blood supply, lymphdrainage and nerve supply Arterial supply : the testicular artery branches from the abdominal aorta, just below the renal arteries Venous drainage : the testicular vein passes into the abdominal cavity. The left vein opens in to the left renal vein and the right into the inferior vena cava Lymph drainage: this through lymph nodes around aorta Nerve supply: this is provided by branches from the 10th and 11th thoracic nerve
- 8. Spermatic cord Itsuspend the testes in the scrotum Each cord contains a testicular artery, testicular veins, lymphatics, a deferent duct and testicular nerves, which come together to form the cord from their various origins in the abdomen
- 9. Seminal vesicle Theseare two small fibromuscular pouches lined with columnar epithelium, lying on the posterior aspect of bladder At the lower end each seminal vesicle opens into a short duct, which joins with the corresponding deferent duct to form an ejaculatory duct
- 10. Ejaculatory duct Aretwo tubes about 2 cm long, each formed by the union of the duct from seminal vesicle and deferent duct. They pass through the prostate gland and join the prostate urethra, carrying seminal fluid and spermatozoa to the urethra
- 11. Prostate gland Itlies in the pelvic cavity in front of the rectum behind the symphysis pubis, surrounding the first part of the urethra. Consist of an outer fibrous covering, a layer of smooth muscle and glandular substance composed of columnar epithelial cells.
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- 13. Urethra It providesa common pathway for the flow of urine and semen It is about 19 to 20 cm long and consist of 3 part The prostatic urethra originates at the urethral orifice of the bladder and passes through the prostate gland The membranous urethra is the shortest and narrowest part and extends from the prostate gland to the bulb of the penis, after passing through the perineal membrane The penile urethra lies within the corpus spongiosum of the penis and terminates at the external urethral orifice in the glans penis
- 14. Cont….. There aretwo urethral sphincters Internal sphincter consists of smooth muscle fibres at the neck of the bladder above the prostate gland. The external sphincter consists of skeletal muscle fibres surrounding the membranous part
- 15. Penis The penishas a root and a body. The root lies in the perineum and the body surrounds the urethra. It is formed by three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue and smooth muscle. The erectile tissue is supported by fibrous tissue and covered with skin and has a rich blood supply Just above the glans the skin is folded upon itself and forms a movable double layer, the foreskin or prepuce
- 16. Female reproductive system The reproductive organ in female are those which are concerned with copulation, fertilization, growth and development of the fetus and its subsequent exit to the outer world.
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- 18. Vulva The externalfemale genitalia is referred to as vulva. It consists of the labia majora and labia minora (while these names translate as "large" and "small" lips, often the "minora" can protrude outside the "majora"), mons pubis, clitoris, opening of the urethra (meatus), vaginal vestibule, vestibular bulbs, vestibular glands.
- 19. Mons Veneris (monspubis) The mons veneris, Latin for "mound of Venus" (Roman Goddess of love) is the soft mound at the front of the vulva (fatty tissue covering the pubic bone). It is also referred to as the mons pubis. The mons veneris protects the pubic bone and vulva from the impact of sexual intercourse. After puberty, it is covered with pubic hair, usually in a triangular shape. Heredity can play a role in the amount of pubic hair an individual grows.
- 20. Labia Majora Thelabia majora are the outer "lips" of the vulva. They are pads of loose connective and adipose tissue, as well as some smooth muscle. The labia majora wrap around the vulva from the mons pubis to the perineum. There is also a longitudinal separation called the pudendal cleft. These labia are usually covered with pubic hair. The color of the outside skin of the labia majora is usually close to the overall color of the individual, although there may be some variation. The inside skin is usually pink to light brown. They contain numerous sweat and oil glands. It has been suggested that the scent from these oils are sexually arousing.
- 21. Labia Minora Medialto the labia majora are the labia minora. The labia minora are the inner lips of the vulva. They are thin stretches of tissue within the labia majora that fold and protect the vagina, urethra, and clitoris. There is no pubic hair on the labia minora, but there are sebaceous glands. The two smaller lips of the labia minora come together longitudinally to form the prepuce, a fold that covers part of the clitoris.
- 22. Clitoris The clitoris,visible as the small white oval between the top of the labia minora and the clitoral hood, is a small body of spongy tissue that functions solely for sexual pleasure. It measuring about 1.5-2 cm and is consist of a glans, a body and two crura. The term clitoris comes from a Greek word meaning key. Erectile organ. It’s rich vascular, highly sensitive to temperature, touch, and pressure sensation.
- 23. Vestibule Is oval-shapedarea formed between the labia minora, clitoris, and fourchette. Vestibule contains four openings are urethral opening, vaginal orifice and hymen, opening of Bartholin’s duct, Skene’s gland.
- 24. Urethra The openingto the urethra is just below the clitoris. Although it is not related to sex or reproduction, it is included in the vulva. The urethra is actually used for the passage of urine. The urethra is connected to the bladder. In females the urethra is 1.5 inches long, compared to males whose urethra is 8 inches long.
- 25. Hymen The hymenis a thin fold of mucous membrane that separates the lumen of the vagina from the urethral sinus. Sometimes it may partially cover the vaginal orifice. The hymen is usually perforated during later fetal development.
- 26. Perineum The perineumis the short stretch of skin starting at the bottom of the vulva and extending to the anus. It is a diamond shaped area between the symphysis pubis and the coccyx. This area forms the floor of the pelvis and contains the external sex organs and the anal opening. It can be further divided into the urogenital triangle in front and the anal triangle in back.
- 27. INTERNAL GENITALIA Structuresare vagina, uterus, fallopian tube, ovaries.
- 28. Vagina The vaginais a muscular, hollow tube that extends from the vaginal opening to the cervix of the uterus. It is situated between the urinary bladder and the rectum. It is about three to five inches long in a grown woman. The muscular wall allows the vagina to expand and contract. The muscular walls are lined with mucous membranes, which keep it protected and moist. A thin sheet of tissue with one or more holes in it, called the hymen, partially covers the opening of the vagina. The vagina receives sperm during sexual intercourse from the penis. The sperm that
- 29. Cervix The cervix(from Latin "neck") is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. Where they join together forms an almost 90 degree curve. It is cylindrical or conical in shape and protrudes through the upper anterior vaginal wall. The length of the cervix is about 2.5 t0 3 cm.
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- 31. Uterus Theuterus is a hollow, pear shaped muscular organ. The uterus measures about 7.5 X 5 X 2.5 cm and weight about 50 – 60 gm .Its normal position is anteverted (rotated forward and slightly antiflexed (flexed forward). The uterus divided into three Parts. Body of the uterus :The upper part is the corpus, or body of the uterus. The fundus is the part of the body or corpus above the area where the fallopian tubes enter the uterus. Isthmus: A narrower transition zone. Is between the corpus of the uterus and cervix. During late pregnancy, the isthmus elongates and is known as the lower uterine segment. Length about 5 cm. Cervix: The lowermost position of the uterus “neck”. The length of the cervix is about 2.5 t0 3 cm.
- 32. Relations: Anterior –the uterovesical pouch and the bladder Posterior – the rectouterine pouch of the douglas Laterally – the broad ligament, the uterine tubes Superior – the intestine Inferior – the vagina Layers of the uterus Perimetrium. Myometrium. Endometrium.
- 33. 1. Perimetrium;Is the outer peritoneal layer of serous membrane that coversmost of the uterus. Laterally, the perimetrium is continuous with the broad ligaments on either side of the uterus. 2. Myometrium: Is the middle layer of thick muscle. Most of the muscle fibers are concentrated in the upper uterus, and their number diminishes progressively toward the cervix. 3. Endometrium: Is the inner layer of the uterus. It is responsive to the cyclic variations of estrogen and progesterone during the female reproductive cycle every month.
- 34. Fallopian tubes Thetwo tubes extended from the corna of the uterus to the ovary. It runs in the upper free border of the broad ligament. Length 8 to 14 cm average 10 cm. Its divided into 4 parts. 1. Interstitial part Which runs into uterine cavity, passes through the myometrium between the fundus and body of the uterus. About 1-2cm in length. 2. Isthmus Which is the narrow part of the tube adjacent to the uterus. Straight and cord like , about 2 – 3 cm in length. 3. Ampulla Which is the wider part about 5 cm in length. Fertilization occurs in the ampulla. 4. Infundibulum It is funnel or trumpet shaped. Fimbriae are fingerlike processes, one of these is longer than the other and adherent to the ovary. The fimbriae become swollen
- 35. Ovaries Oval solidstructure, 1.5 cm in thickness, 2.5 cm in width and 3.5 cm in length respectively. Each weights about 4–8 gm. Ovary is located on each side of the uterus, below and behind the uterine tubes Structure of the ovaries: Cortex, Medulla, Hilum
- 36. Mammary glands Themammary glands are sweat glands specialized for the production of milk. The milk producing secretory cells form walls of bulb-shaped chambers called alveoli that join together with ducts, in grapelike fashion, to form clusters called lobules.
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