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The rise of nationalism in europe
The document summarizes the rise of nationalism in Europe between the 18th and 19th centuries. It describes how European society was divided between upper and lower classes. It also discusses the unification of Italy led by figures like Garibaldi and Cavour, and the unification of Germany orchestrated by Bismarck, which established unified Italian and German nation states. Nationalist ideas spread from the French Revolution and helped inspire independence movements that weakened the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans.
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The rise of nationalism in europe
- 1. THE RISE OFNATIONALISM IN EUROPE WHAT IS NATIONALISM ? EUROPEAN SOCIETY UNIFICATION OF ITALY & GERMANY.
- 3. EUROPEAN SOCIETY THE UPPERCLASS : • THE LANDED ARISTOCRACY WERE THE DOMINANT GROUP. • THEY HAD COMMON INTEREST AND LIFESTYLE. • OWNED LARGE COUNTRY ESTATES AND TOWN HOUSES. • MOST OF THEM SPOKE FRENCH. THE LOWER CLASS : • MAJORITY OF THE PEOPLE WERE PEASENTS. • MOST WERE LANDLESS AND WORKED AS SERFS.
- 4. UPPER CLASSS PEOPLE.LOWER CLASS PEOPLE
- 5. LEADERS OF REVOLUTIONSIN EUROPE OTTO VON BISMARCK GARIBALDI MAZZINI
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- 7. THE NAPOLEONIC CODE RETURNOF MONARCHY. ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM. EQUALITY BEFORE LAW & RIGHT TO PROPERTY. REMOVAL OF GUILD RESTRICTIONS IN TOWNS. IMPROVEMENT IN TRANSPORT & COMMUNICATION. UNIFORM LAWS, WEIGHTS & MEASURES AND NATIONAL.
- 8. French Revolution FRENCHREVOLUTION STARTED IN 1789.FRANCE WAS A FULL-FLEDGED TERRITORIAL STATE IN 1789 UNDER RULE OF A MONARCH. POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES THAT CAME IN WAKE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION LED TO THE TRANSFER TO A TRANSFER OF SOVEREIGNTY FROM MONARCHY TO A BODY OF FRENCH CITIZEN. IT ALSO POWERED REVOLUTION IN ALL EUROPE.
- 9. THE IDEA OFTHE NATIONNALISM LA PATRIE (THE FATHERLAND) LE CITOYEN (THE CITIZEN) THE FRENCH TRI COLOUR HYMS , OATHS UNIFORM SYSTEM OF WEIGHTS & MEASURES USE OF PARISIAN FRENCH IMAGINARY FEMALE CHARACTERS WERE USED TO SHOW UNITED NATION.SUCH AS :GERMANIA
- 10. ITALIAN STATES BEFOREUNIFICATION, 1858
- 15. UNIFICATION OF ITALY ITALY WAS DIVIDED IN 7 STATES OF WHICH ONLY ONE , SARDINA PIEDMONT WAS RULED BY AN ITALIAN DYNASTY. IDEAS OF ITALIAN UNIFICATION FRIST GIVEN BY GUISEPPE MAZZINI THROUGF HIS SCERET SOCIETY CALLED YOUNG IYALY. AFTER HIS FAILED REVOLUTIONS IN 1831 AND 1848 , THE LEAD WAS TAKEN BY THE KING OF SARDINA , VICTOR EMMANUEL II. CHIEF MINISTER OF SARDINA, COUNT CAVOUR LED THE UNIFICATION PROCESS BY DIPLOMATIC
- 16. ALLIANCE WITH FRANCETO DEFEAT AUSTRIA AND UNIFY ITS NORTHERN TERRITORIES. IN THE SOUTHERN PART, GUISEPPE GARIBALDI LED THE MOVEMENT BY INVOLVING LOCAL PEASANT SUPPORT TO DRIVE OUT THE SPANISH RULERS. THUS THE PROCESS OF UNIFICATION AS COMPLETED WITH THE CROWNING OF VICTOR EMMANUEL II AS KING OF ITALY IN 1861.
- 18. LIBERAL REVOLUTION INGERMANY INSPIRING BY THE EVENT OF FEB 1848 IN FRANCE , LIBERAL REVOLUTION CONSISTING OF MIDDLE EDUCATED PROFESSIONALSAND MERCHANTS SET UP A GERMAN NATIONAL ASSEMBLY. N MAY 1848, A GROUP OF 831 ELECTED REPS ,MET TOGETHER AND DECIDED ON A SYSTEM OF CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY. KING FRIEDRICH WILHEM IV OF PRUSSIA REJECTED TEIR OFFER. THE LOWER PEASANT CLASS TOO PROTESTED AT THE LACK OF REPRESENTATION. THIS LED TO WEAKNING OF THE LIBERAL MOVEMENT AND THE DISBANDING OF THE ASSEMBLY.
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- 22. GERMANY : LEADERSOF THE UNIFICATION King Wilhem I (King of Prussia). - Succeeded Frederick William to the throne in1861. - Supported by the : =Wealthy landowning class = Strongly conservative and opposed liberal ideas.
- 23. Wilhem I -Wanted toincrease the size and strength of the military (Parliament refused to give him money) -Decided to pick a new Prime Minister in order to get what he wanted.
- 26. UNIFICATION OF GERMANY IN MAY 1848 THE LIBERAL ATTEMPT TO SET UP A COSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY AT FRANKFURT WAS SUPPRESSED BY THE MONARCHY MILITARY AND JUNKERS. AFTER THE FAILURE OF THE GERMAN NATIONAL ASSEMBLY , PRUSSIAN CHIEF MINISTER OTTO VON BISMARCK TAKES THE LEAD IN GERMAN UNIFINATION. HE PLANNED THE UNIFICATION WITH FRANCE , AUSTRIA AND DENMARK OVER 7 YEARS ,THUS ENSURING GERMAN UNIFICATION. THE PROCESS WAS COMPLETED WITH THE CROWNING OF KAISER WILLIAM I AS OF GERMANY.
- 27. NATIONALISM IN THEBALKANS THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE WAS A DOMINANT MUSLIM REGIME RULING OVER PREDOMINANTLY CHRISTIAN PEOPLE. THE SPREAD OF NATIONALIST REVOLUTION IN WESTERN EUROPE AND INSPIRED BY ROMANTIC MATIONALISTIC FEELING, YHE ETHNIC CONSTITUENTS OF BALKNS DEMAND LIBERTY. THEY BASED THEIR CLAIMS ON THEIR DISTINCT NATIONAL IDENTITIES AND HISTORICAL REFRENCE TO EARLIER STATE OF INDEPENDENCE. AS THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE WEAKNED, THE VARIOUS NATIONS BROKE FREE.
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