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The Role Of Technology In Modern Terrorism
The document discusses the evolving role of technology in modern terrorism, highlighting the use of cyberspace as a platform for propaganda, recruitment, and attacks. It notes a significant rise in terrorist-related websites and the increasing sophistication of cyber capabilities among terrorist groups. The analysis concludes with a warning about the potential future risks of cyber terrorism impacting geopolitical and social landscapes.
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The Role Of Technology In Modern Terrorism
- 1. Napoli (Italy) January 28th,2016 Pierluigi PAGANINI The Role Of Technology In Modern Terrorism
- 2. AGENDA Analisi Rischi Scenario Corrente Cyberspazio e Terrorismo Cyber Terrorismo
- 3. Current Scenario Terrorismo, aglobal alert 3 • Terrorism, it is global alert in major capitals worldwide • Paris, Istanbul, Jakarta and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), terrorism is a global threat. • Analysts fear possible attacks even in places of limited interest. • Technology plays a crucial role for the modern terrorist threat. • Cyber space, a new territory of confrontation for a threat that has no boundaries. • Lone Wolves attacks in cyberspace
- 4. Current Scenario Media andTerrorism 4 “Terrorist attacks are often carefully choreographed to attract the attention of the electronic media and the international press. Terrorism is aimed at the people watching, not at the actual victims. Terrorism is a theater”. (Brian Jenkins, International Terrorism – A new kind of Warfare 1974)
- 5. Who are theterrorists in the Internet? 5Scenario Corrente Hamas (the Islamic Resistance Movement), the Lebanese Hizbollah (Party of God), the Egyptian Al-Gama'a al Islamiyya (Islamic Group, IG), the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PLFP), the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, the Peruvian Tupak-Amaru (MRTA) and ‘The Shining Path’ (Sendero Luminoso), the Kahane Lives movement, the Basque ETA movement, the Real IRA (RIRA), Supreme Truth (Aum Shinrikyo), the Colombian National Liberation Army (ELN-Colombia), the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), the Armed Revolutionary Forces of Colombia (FARC), the Popular Democratic Liberation Front Party in Turkey (DHKP/C), the Kurdish Workers’ Party (PKK), the Zapatista National Liberation Army (ELNZ), the Japanese Red Army (JRA), the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), the Mujahedin, the Chechens, Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Taiba and Al-Qaeda.
- 6. Terrorism in thecyberspace 6 Presence of Terrorists in the Internet • In 1998: 12 websites containing terrorist material • In 2003: 2,650 websites containing terrorist material • In September 2015: 9,800 websites containing terrorist material Prof. Gabriel Weimann - 06 Nov 15 Current Scenario Significant increase of the number of website in the Deep Web
- 7. What are theadvantages? Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor Cyberspace and Terrorism 7 Simple access Poor control Interactive Anonymity Cheap
- 8. What are thepossible uses? Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor Cyberspace and Terrorism 8 • Propaganda • Psychological warfare • Recruitment and mobilization • Fundraising • Data Mining, information gathering • Secure communications • Cyber attacks • Software distribution (e.g., mobile app) • Buying false documents • Training
- 9. Social media &propaganda Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor Internet Propaganda 9 • Using images with high emotional impact. • It reaches not Arab people, and it is easily accessible to young people. • Easy dissemination of content (easy sharing through email, messaging and mobile apps) YouTube, Twitter and Facebook, crucial option for propaganda activities.
- 10. Social media andpropaganda Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor Internet Propaganda 10 http://gawker.com/how-isis-makes-its-blood-sausage-1683769387
- 11. Training Material Lorem ipsumdolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor Narrowcasting 11 • Narrowcasting is the transmission of content restricted to specific categories of users. • Intelligence experts are worrying about distribution of content to teenagers Websites using a ‘comic- style’, lauding the Jihad Videos and Animations Computer "games" Online Quiz Infographics
- 12. Training material Lorem ipsumdolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor Narrowcasting 12 ISIS - propaganda Infographic
- 13. Social media Lorem ipsumdolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor Social media 13 Tweets related to the IS - (Feb.2015) • Saudi Arabia and Egypt recorded highest increase, a clear sign of interest in the IS • Importance Social media analysis for business intelligence • PSYOPS Source Recorderd Future - https://www.recordedfuture.com/isis-twitter-growth/
- 14. Training Material Lorem ipsumdolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor Training 14 • Manuals for a safe use of social media and communication systems • Propaganda material (e.g. Encyclopedia of Jihad) • Manuals for preparations Weapons (i.e. chemical weapons, bombs) • Instructions for kidnappings and techniques of torture. • Training Techniques
- 15. Information about targets. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor Information Gathering 15 • Collecting information on targets • Analysis of open sources • Passive Reconnaissance • Availability of maps, images and much more (e.g., Google Maps, Images from worldc.am, etc.)
- 16. Information about targets Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor Information Gathering 16
- 17. Encrypt communications Lorem ipsumdolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor Encrypted communications 17 • Tashfeen al-Jawwal, mobile application developed by the group Global Islamic Media Front (GIMF) and released in September 2013. • Asrar al-Ghurabaa, program for encryption of the information developed by the group Islamic State of Iraq and Al-Sham and released in Nov. 2013. • Amn al-Mujahid, software developed by the group Al-Fajr TechnicalCommittee in December 2013. Mujahideen Secrets - Al-Qaeda (2007)
- 18. Mobile Applications(2015) Lorem ipsumdolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor Encrypted communications 18 Nasher App August (2015) Amaq Agency Android app 2016 Gruppi su Telegram
- 19. Counterfeit documents Lorem ipsumdolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor Acquisto Documenti Falsi 19
- 20. In the abyssof the Internet Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor Deep Web & Dark Web 20 Pseudo anonymity offered by darknet makes the dark web an ideal environment for various activities such as: • Propaganda • Purchasing wepons • Purchasing stolen card data • Counterfeit documents • Recruiting • Download Mobile Apps used for secure communications • Purchase of malicious code • Fund-raising (??) • Doxing
- 21. Predominant technological component Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor Over the network 21 The Islamic State has an R & D team which prepares missiles and hi-tech bombs
- 22. “The Islamic Stateis the first extremist group that has a credible offensive cyber capability,” said F-Secure Chief Research Officer Hyppönen, speaking last week at the Wall Street Journal’s WSJDLive conference in Laguna Beach, Calif. “Clearly, this situation isn’t getting better. It’s getting worse.” • The use of hacking technique to sabotage critical infrastructure. • Hacking of systems containing sensitive information. • Possibility of destabilizing political context through cyber attacks Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor Cyber Terrorism Cyber terrorism 22
- 23. • Low investment •Organizational phase simpler and difficult to detect • Ability to create extensive damage like traditional terrorist attack • Different repercussions cyber attack (e.g., political, economic, social, technological). • Risks associated with militarization of cyberspace and reverse engineering of cyber weapons Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor Cyber Terrorism What benefits? 23
- 24. Lorem ipsum dolorsit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor Cyber Terrorism Hacking and Intelligence 24 • The ISIS is trying to infiltrate the Indian hacking community. • The terror organization offered up to $ 10,000 to hack government websites. • Intense propaganda activities in the area. • Over 30,000 individuals in contact with members of the organization in Syria and Iraq. • 12 arrests and 94 websites blocked local intelligence.
- 25. All against all RiskAnalysis 25 The Global Risks Report 2016 11th Edition – World Economic Forum Cyber attacks - high impact events with high probability Terrorist attacks- high impact events with high probability of occurrence
- 26. Risk Analysis 26 TheGlobal Risks Report 2016 11th Edition – World Economic Forum Risks Strongly correlated A cyber terrorist attack could have the following repercussions: Cyber attacks Terrorist attacks • Geopolitics • Economic • Technological • Social • Environmental
- 27. A look tothe future New Trends 27 • Possible cyber attacks launched by isolated cells • Disclosure of sensitive data • Cyber-terrorism on a large scale • Cyber attacks against critical infrastructure • "Narrowcasting" (restricted transmission of information)
- 28. About me 28 AboutPierluigi Paganini: Pierluigi Paganini is Chief Information Security Officer at Bit4Id, firm leader in identity management, member of the ENISA (European Union Agency for Network and Information Security) Threat Landscape Stakeholder Group, he is also a collaborator at the GIPAF group, Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance - Administrative Prevention of Payment Card Fraud (GIPAF). Security Evangelist, Security Analyst and Freelance Writer. Editorial manager at Tech Economy for the Security Notes Channel and Editor-in-Chief at "Cyber Defense Magazine", Pierluigi is a cyber security expert with over 20 years experience in the field, he is Certified Ethical Hacker at EC Council in London. The passion for writing and a strong belief that security is founded on sharing and awareness lead Pierluigi to find the security blog "Security Affairs" named a Top National Security Resource for US. Pierluigi is a member of the Dark Reading Editorial team and he is regular contributor for some major publications in the cyber security field such as Cyber War Zone, ICTTF, Infosec Island, Infosec Institute, The Hacker News Magazine and for many other Security magazines. Author of the Books "The Deep Dark Web" and “Digital Virtual Currency and Bitcoin”, coming soon the new book "Spy attack” Ing. Pierluigi Paganini Chief Information Security Officer Bit4id [email protected] www.bit4id.com Founder Security Affairs http://securityaffairs.co/wordpress [email protected]
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