Theme 3 part 3

Theme 3 part 3

• 1.
  Tysen Quaintance 11-6-11 History 140 Dr. Arguello
• 2.
   Damiana da Cunha was a Tribal women who was known as a teacher, missionary, mediator, and expedition leader  Damiana lived in the Goias region of Brazil in the mid 1700’s up until her death in 1831. This was a time following the removal of the Jusiets. Also during her lifetime the Anglo-Portuguese treaty was made.  Damiana was the Granddaughter of the Caiapo Chief Angrai-oxa and became the god daughter and hostage of the Portuguese Governor Luis da Cunha Meneze.  Living with the Portuguese she learned their ways, their language, and their religion.  When the Governor was recalled to Portugal in 1783, She went to live in a domestic Indian village of Sao Jose.
• 3.
   Because ofher Christian education and native status as a Chiefs granddaughter she became the perfect mediator for the two cultures and a community leader.  However, in the City of Sao Jose the Natives were mistreated, many deserted, resorting in pillaging Portuguese settlers the Brazilian frontier.  A cycle of natives leaving and Damiana going on expeditions convening them to return would continue until her fifth expedition lead to her death in 1831.  Damiana continued her expeditions because she was a devout Christian and wanted to bring her people to Christianity.
• 4.
   Antonio deGouveia, born in 1528 in Azones, lived until sometime on the late 16th century. He was described as: having deceptive charm, knowledge of astronomy, alchemy and a foreteller of fortunes. He practiced medicine, magic, mined for gold, enslaved indigenous people, and ironically was a catholic priest.  He lived in a time when Coffee and agriculture had been brought to Brazil, however the Portuguese were having trouble with the rebelling indigenous population. The Jesuits were bringing Catholicism to Brazil and at attempting to pacify the population while trying to discourage conquistadors from brutalizing and enslaving them.
• 5.
   Antonio deGouveia became imprisoned by the Inquisition for his practice of alchemy, magic, astronomy, and fortune telling. He went through a cycle of escaping and being re-imprisoned until his banishment to Brazil in 1567.  There he was known as the “Gold Priest” for is exploration in search of Gold. He also became criticized for his cruel tactics; enslaving and branding the faces of Indians in the same day that he would celebrate mass.  He was a detrimental ambassador of Catholicism and on 1571 ordered to be arrested and sent back to Portugal where history loses him.
• 6.
   Isabel (or Tecuichpotzin) Moctezuma was born in 1509 and died in 1550. During her lifetime during her life time she saw the conquest of the Aztecs by Cortez, the colonial viceroy of New Spain, and the arrival of the printing press.  Isabel was the last surviving heir of the Emperor Moctezuma II.  Following her father’s death from small pox her custody was given to Cortez.  Isabel would be married five different times; two times to Aztecs (one of whom died mysteriously and the other tortured and killed by Cortez), and three to Spaniards two of which died again mysteriously and the last outlived her.  In 1526, Cortes granted Dona Isabel and her descendents the revenue from an important town called Tacuba. In hopes that she and her descendents would not petition for the inheritance of Moctezuma II.
• 7.
   From hermany marriages she produced 7 children, one of which one was an illegitimate child fathered by Cortez .  Cortes strategically arranged the Isabel’s Marriages with Spanish nobleman and conquistadores .With her heritage she would serve as an example of a Hispanicized and Catholic Aztec women bridging the gap between the two worlds.  Isabel’s fifth husband helped her start the legal battle of reclaiming her rightful inheritance from Montezuma. In hope of a decision in her favor she outlined the claims of inheritance between her legitimate six children.  After her death her surviving husband returns to Spain to continue the legal pursuit and in 1590 the decision was reached to grant her heirs “revenues from vacant ecomiendas” in Mexico leading to a more independent New Spain.
• 8.
   In 1650at a time of the Habsburgs, before the removal of the Jesuits, and very low point in Indian population; came an interesting scandal in the town of Lagos in New Spain.  Beatriz de Padilla was accused of poisoning one of her lovers and driving another to insanity with magic.  Beatriz was born a slave, at one point became free and lived a promiscuous lifestyle. She bore four children from three fathers, one from the Priest Diego Ortiz which she was accused of poisoning.  The charges were brought about by the family of Ortiz who were outraged he had taken Beatiz as his head of house and planned to leave his entire estate to here and their illegitimate son.
• 9.
   At this time it was acceptable for men even Priests to have slaves or women of color as mistresses. However it was not accepted to make it public, nor make one in charge of a household, and it was definitely not acceptable to make one an heir of an estate.  To the disgust of the society of Lagos Beatize was acquitted be the inquisition.  At this time in this society women of color were in some ways more free then women with lighter skin and in high status. These women were free to dress, walk, and talk the way they wanted. They were free to pursue any love interests. Freedoms respectable white woman did not have.
• 10.
   During theperiod of 1589 and 1632 Enrico Martinez lived in Mexico City.  Enrico had traveled Europe developing a taste for astronomy, astrology, physics and mathematics.  He knew many languages and one he immigrated to New Spain became interpreter for the Spanish inquisition.  He later found means of supporting himself as a printer.  Some of his scientific interests could have gotten him in trouble with the Spanish Inquisition. He had to be careful especially with his ideas of astronomy.
• 11.
   In 1606he published a book entitled Reportotio de los tiempos e hitoria natural desta Nueva Espana, in which he described a solution to a local problem concerning drainage in Mexico city.  As a result he was appointed chief engineer of a massive drainage project.  Unfortunately in 1623, the project was an enormous failure due to his lack of technical expertise, and primitive hydraulic engineering knowledge of the time period.
• 12.
   Micaela AngelaCarrillo was a remarkable women who in the 1730’s overcame near poverty to become a wealthy land owner of Nuestra Senora de Asuncion.  After the death of her husband this women of Nobal blood was reduced to laboring in the fields to produce pulque, an intoxicating drink which the sold and traded with, in a nearby city.  Dona Micaela owned land and property worth more than 1,000 pesos at a time when a laborer might earn 35-50 pesos a year.
• 13.
   During theyears that she was a widow she produced three illegitimate children which she not only supported but ensured they learned a trade.  The story of Micaela is a story that exemplifies the possibilities of women living independently and actually increasing their wealth in colonial America.