Thinking and Reasoning
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The document discusses different aspects of thinking and reasoning. It defines concepts as mental representations of categories that share common properties. It describes the hierarchy of concepts from superordinate to basic to subordinate levels. It also discusses heuristics like the representative and availability heuristics. There are different kinds of thinking such as directed, critical, creative, and associative thinking. Reasoning can be inductive, deductive, or analogical. Syllogisms are a form of deductive reasoning.
Thinking and Reasoning
- 2. Thinking -manipulating mental representations for any purpose
- 3. Concept -mental representation of a category; that is an internal portrait of a class of objects, ideas or events that share common properties Category -set of entities that are grouped together
- 5. Hierarchy of Concepts a. Superordinate level- an abstract level in which members of a category share few common features b. Basic level- the broadest level at which objects share common attributes that are distinctive of the concept c. Subordinate level- more specific attributes are shared by members of a category
- 7. Representative heuristic- people categorise by matching the similarity of an object or incident to a prototype but ignore information about its probability of occurring
- 8. Company Logo Availability heuristic- people essentially assume that events they can recall are typical
- 10. 1.Directed thinking- involves conscious manipulation of representations
- 11. a. Critical thinking - crucial evaluation or judgment of something
- 12. b. Creative thinking -involves the ability to produce new forms
- 13. c. Brainstorming -involves group of people to solve a problem in free environment
- 14. d. Reasoning - logical thinking or thinking with objectives
- 15. Kinds of Reasoning Inductive reasoning- from particular to general
- 16. Deductive reasoning- from general to specific
- 17. Syllogism- kind of deductive reasoning consists of two (major and minor) premises that lead to logical conclusion
- 18. Analogical reasoning- process by which people understand a novel situation in terms of a familiar one.
- 19. Company Logo 2. Associative thinking- involves thinking outside our awareness a. Autistic thinking (daydreaming)- extreme preoccupation with one’s own thoughts and fantasies b. Nightdreaming- is due to unconscious impulses and it aims to satisfy a drive c. Eidetic Imagery (Photographic minds)uncommonly vivid imagery
- 20. LOGO Ariadne Cara Santos Karen Camille Fabella
Editor's Notes
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