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Tidal1
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- 2. Introduction The global energyrequirements are primarily provided by 80 percent of the total demanding energy is furnished by sources such as natural gas, coal, which are quickly being depleted as well as being environmentally unfriendly. We are looking for renewable resources to substitute current ones is much urgent for us. Tidal power is classified as a renewable energy source. What is Tidal Energy? • This is the only form of energy whose source is the moon. • It is a renewable energy source because Tides are the waves caused due to the gravitational pull of the moon and sun (though its pull is very low) on water (world’s oceans) and also by the rotation of the earth. • Due to these gravitational forces the water level follows a periodic high and low. There are two types of tide • Spring tide: When the sun and the moon are in line, their gravitational forces are combined together. • Neap tide: When the moon and the sun are located at 90◦ angle to each other, their gravitational force pulls the water in different directions, causing the bulges to eliminate each other’s effect. • The period between the two spring tides or neap tides is around 14 days, half of the lunar cycle. Types of Tidal Energy There are two types of energy systems that can be used to extracted energy Kinetic energy: from the moving water of rivers, tides and open ocean currents. Potential energy: from the difference in height (or head) between high and low tides.
- 3. Tidal energy potential(Energy scenario) Indian context: Total identified potential: about 9000 MW. • West Coast o Gulf of Cambay (7000 MW) o Gulf of Kutch (1200 MW) • East Coast o The Ganges Delta in Sunderbans in West Bengal (100 MW) World’s leader: • France has the largest (Rance) tidal power station in the world and largest tidal barrage power plant also. It is constructed between 1961 and 1967 and situated on the Rance River. It generates a capacity of 240MW and a net power output of 480GWh per year. • Severn Barrage at Bristol Channel in UK. it colossal of power plant of 8,560 mw of installed capacity with an average annual generation of 17Gwh. Where is Tidal Power used in world? • Canada • U.S.A. • Chile • France • U.K. • China • India • Japan • Korea • Norway • Australia • Russian Federation
- 4. Economics • Tidalenergy is not cost competitive because it is generally not commercially available. • When selecting a spot to set up a tidal energy station it is important to make sure that it will be economically feasible. • To set up a tidal facility with an average annual output of 2,200MW would cost about 3 billion dollars, not including maintenance and running costs. • This is far more expensive than coal and oil. Energy Source Cost Comparisons in U.S.A • National average cost of Electricity 8.83 cents per kilowatt hour. • Total cost for energy generation for coal, Nuclear, Natural Gas, Solar, Wind Power, Free-Flow Tidal Current and Submerged Tidal Array as 10.29, 3.31, 8.09, 18.12, 3.45, 7 – 10 and 6.5 - 8.5 cents per kilowatt hour respectively. No Indirect social costs for tidal power.
- 5. Generating methods ofTidal Power Reference:http://www.ei.lehigh.edu/learners/energy/tidal/tidal5.html Tidal Barrage: Tidal barrages make use of the potential energy in the difference in height (or head) between high and low tides. • Water flows over the barrage and fill the tidal basin during high tides. • The sluice gates will open and let the water flow out to the ocean during low tides. • The flowing water moves the turbines and creates electricity.
- 6. Tidal stream generator: Itmakes use of the kinetic energy of moving water to power turbines. Tidal Currents move through the turbine. Turbine powers the generator and create electricity. Do not require a dam like tidal barrages. Dynamic Tidal Power: The theory of this technology is that we can exploit tidal flows and their interaction between potential and kinetic energy. Uses of Tidal Renewable Energy • Tidal electricity: The main usage of Tidal Energy is in the generation of Electricity. • Grain mills: Tidal Energy was used for the mechanical crushing of grains in Grain Mills. • Energy storage: Tidal Barrages with their reservoirs can be modified to store energy. • Provide protection to coast in high storms: Tidal Barrages can prevent Damage to the Coast during High Storms. Advantages • Renewable, non-Polluting and Carbon Negative • Predictable • No fuel • Improved transportation because of the development of traffic or rail bridges across estuaries • It is a reliable, dependable source
- 7. Disadvantages • Highinitial construction costs. • Limited locations around the World where tidal energy is viable. • Habitat and environmental changes and destruction particular with tidal barrages. • Transmission of power hampered by power generation necessarily being located near oceans Future? • In a society with increasing energy needs, it is becoming more and more important to have alternative sources of power to keep up with the ever growing energy demand. • The capacity of tidal energy exceeds that of coal and oil and is renewable. • It is the perfect energy source for the future according to DOE.