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TiO2 Nanomaterial
The document discusses titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials, highlighting their importance due to unique properties such as biocompatibility, photocatalytic activity, and applications in various fields including environmental and biomedical solutions. It details the synthesis methods, including sol-gel and thermal decomposition, as well as the characteristics of TiO2's mineral forms: anatase, rutile, and brookite. The document emphasizes TiO2's effective use in photocatalysis, energy conversion, and as a multifunctional material for applications like UV blocking and self-cleaning surfaces.
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TiO2 Nanomaterial
- 1. Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials •Submitted by: Preeti choudhary • Roll No.= 17/MAP/016 • MSC(applied physics) • Submitted to: Dr. Ashish kumar keshari
- 2. Tio2 • Introduction • Importance •Synthesis Methods • Properties • Application
- 3. Tio2 • Tio2 isa very well-known and well researched material due to the stability of its chemical structure, biocompatibility, physical, optical, and electrical properties. • TiO2 exists in three mineral forms: anatase, Rutile, and Brookite. • Anatase type TiO2 has a crystalline structure that corresponds to the tetragonal system and is used mainly as a photocatalyst under UV irradiation. • Rutile type TiO2 also has a tetragonal crystal structure . This type of Titania is mainly used as white pigment in paint. • Brookite type TiO2 has an orthorhombic crystalline structure. • TiO2 is preferred in anatase form because of its high photocatalytic activity. • Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Wetenschappen: Natuurkunde Promotor: Prof. Dr. D. Poelman Copromotor: Prof. Dr. ir. R. De Gryse Maart 2007 • Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Wood Protection Application
- 4. The crystal Structureof Tio2 Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Wood Protection Application Synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: phase, morphology and size control by Jan-Yves Ruzicka University of Canterbury 2013 • a)Anatase b) Rutile c)Brookite • form is tetragonal form is tetragonal form is orthorhombic • a=b=3.7710Å & c=9.430Å a=b=4.5933Å & c= 2.9592Å a=9.18Å, b=5.447 &c=5.145Å
- 5. TiO2 as PhotoCatalysis “NANOSTRUCTUREDTiO2 AS A MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIAL: FROM PHOTOCATALYSIS TO BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS” UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO 2009-2010 • TiO2 absorbs Ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. • Generated negative-electron (e-) and positive-hole (h+) pair. • Water-splitting reaction occurred. • Organic pollutant is split up to harmless products.
- 6. Why TiO2 Nanomaterialsare Attracted now? • Among the unique properties of nanomaterials , the movement of electrons and holes in semiconductor nanomaterials is primarily governed by the well-known quantum confinement, and the transport properties related to phonons and photons are largely affected by the size and geometry of the materials. • It has possibility to help solving many serious biomedical and environment problems. • It also bears tremendous hope in helping ease the energy crisis through effective utilization of solar energy based on photovoltaic and photocatalytic water-splitting devices. • As another functionality of TiO2 nanomaterials, it has many elements adsorbent capacity. • NANOSTRUCTURED TiO2 AS A MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIAL: FROM PHOTOCATALYSIS TO BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS” UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO 2009-2010
- 7. Importance of Tio2 •Non- toxic, inexpensive, highly photoactive, and easily synthesized and handled. • Highly photostable. • High electro-chemical properties and high chemical stability. • High dielectric constant and hardness. • High refractive index upto- 2.7 • Tio2 is much more effective as a photocatalyst in the form of nanoparticles. • Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Wetenschappen: Natuurkunde Promotor: Prof. Dr. D. Poelman Copromotor: Prof. Dr. ir. R. De Gryse Maart 2007 • Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Wood Protection Application
- 8. Synthesis Methods Chemical method •Sol-Gel Method • Micelle and Inverse Micelle Method • Condensation method • Sol Method • Hydrothermal Method • Solvothermal Method Physical method: • Thermal decomposition • Plasma arcing • Evaporative deposition • Electron beam physical vapour deposition • Sputter deposition • Cathodic arc deposition • Pulsed laser deposition
- 9. Sol-Gel Method • Thisprocess normally proceeds via an acid-catalyzed hydrolysis step of titanium(IV) alkoxide follwed by condensation. • The development of Ti-O-Ti chains is favored with low content of water, low hydrolysis rates, and excess titanium alkoxide in the reaction mixture. • Dimensional polymetric skeltone swith close packing result from the development of Ti-O-Ti chains. • Nanoparticles: Case studies of their synthesis, properties and biological interaction Nils Gustav Martin Palmqvist Faculty of Naturals Resources and Agricultural Sciences Department of Molecular Sciences Uppsala reactants solvents colloidal catalyst colloidal 3-dimns time grid liquid Colloidal suspension of volume v wet monolith of volume v particle
- 10. Sol-Gel and DryingFlowchart Precursors, solvents,water & catalyst Gel formation Aging in mother liquor washing Drying process Nerogel(Evaporation) Aerogel (autoclave) cryogel (freeze-driver) Calcination Final material • S. Shibata, K. Aoki, T. Yano and M. Yamane, Journal of solgel science and Technology, 11, 279, (1998). • H. Hahn, Nanostructured Materials, 9, 3, (1997). • H. Cheng, J. Ma, Z. Zhao, L. Qi, Chem. Mater., 7, (1995).
- 11. Sol gel method •Sol-gel method, as the name implies, comprises of two main parts: a) Firstly, the precursors form high molecular weight but still soluble oligomeric intermediates, called a sol. b) Secondly, the intermediates come close together to form a gel. • sol-gel process is based on five processing steps : i. Hydrolytic Polycondensation: Hydrolysis of alkoxide precursors which forms a polymeric or particulate sol containing inorganic materials. ii. Formation of a uniform suspension by deposition of substrate into the sol. iii. Solidification of the gel with solvent and volatile compounds evaporation process. iv. Drying at room temperature to get a condensed inorganic network. v. Calcination where very high temperature is involved to remove of organics and to crystallize the solid material. • TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOMATERIALS, SYNTHESIS, STABILITY AND MOBILITY IN NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC POROUS MEDIA by Ghulam Raza A Thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Birmingham December 2016
- 12. Thermal Decomposition • Thermaldecomposition is the chemical decomposition of a substance into ins constituents by heating. • A solid bulk material is heated beyond its decomposition temperature in an evacuated furnace tube. • The precursor material may contain metal cations and molecular anions, or metal organic solids. • Example: 2LiN3(s) 2Li(s) +3N2(g) – Lithium particles can be synthesized by heating LiN3 in a quartz tube under vacuum. – When heated to 375oC the nitrogen outgases from the bulk material and the Li atoms coalesce to form metal nanoparticles. • Poole, C., Owens, F. Introduction to Nanotechnology. Wiley, New Jersey. 2003
- 13. Thermal Decomposition Apparatus •“NANOSTRUCTURED TiO2 AS A MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIAL: FROM PHOTOCATALYSIS TO BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS” PH.D. STUDENT ALBERTO NALDONI UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO FACOLTÀ DI SCIENZE MM. FF. NN. DIPARTIMENTO DI CHIMICA FISICA ED ELETTROCHIMICA CORSO DI DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN SCIENZE CHIMICHE
- 14. Properties • Structural Properties •Electronic Properties • Optical dielectric properties
- 15. Structural Properties • Twostructures, rutile and anatase, can be described in term of chains of TiO6 octahedra, where each Ti4+ion is surrounded by an octahedron of six O2-ions. • They demonstrated that, under different pH conditions from acid to basic, the phase transition size of a TiO2nanoparticle varied from 6.9 to 22.7 nm, accompanied with shape changed of the TiO2nanoparticles. • Morphology predicted for anatase(top), with (a) hydrogenated surfaces, (b) hydrogen-rich surface adsorbates, (c) hydrogen-poor adsorbates, and (d) oxygenated surfaces, and for rutile(bottom), with (f) hydrogenated surfaces, (g) hydrogen-rich surface adsorbates, (h) hydrated surfaces, (i) hydrogen-poor adsorbates, and (j) oxygenated surfaces. • Milling effect on the photo-activated properties of TiO2 nanoparticles: electronic and structural investigations YOUCEF MESSAI1,2, BERTRAND VILENO2,4, DAVID MARTEL3, PHILIPPE TUREK2,4 and DJAMEL EDDINE MEKKI1,∗MS received 12 July 2017; accepted 21 August 2017; published online 30 March 2018 • Curtiss, L. A.et al.,NanoLett. 2005
- 16. Optical dielectric properties •optical properties is the complex dielectric function ε , which is a fundamental intrinsic property of the material . • It measure the ability of a material to interact with an electric field and become polarized by the field. • The real part of the dielectric constant shows how much it will slow down the speed of light in the material and related to the stored energy within the medium, whereas the imaginary part shows how a dielectric material absorb energy from an electric field due to dipole motion . • the knowledge of the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant provides information about the loss factor which is the ratio of the imaginary part to the real part of the dielectric constant ,the real and imaginary part of the dielectric constant can be estimated using the relation ε=ε1+ε2 • Structural and optical properties of TiO2 nanoparticles/PVA for different composites thin film A.M.Shehap and Dana S.Akil* Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza , Egypt. Received 31 March 2015; Revised 28 May 2015; Accepted 3 June 2015
- 17. Electronic Properties • • TheDOS (density of states) is decomposed into Ti eg, Ti t2g(dyz, dzx, and dxy), O pσ (in the TiO3cluster plane), and O pπ (out of the TiO3cluster plane) components. • It is well-known that for nanoparticles the band gap energy increase and the energy band becomes more discrete with decreasing size. Freeman, A. J.et al.,Phys. Rev. B 2000,
- 18. Applications of TiO2Nanomaterials •UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO FACOLTÀ DI SCIENZE MM. FF. NN. DIPARTIMENTO DI CHIMICA FISICA ED ELETTROCHIMICA CORSO DI DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN SCIENZE CHIMICHE • http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/GRAPHIC0/GEOMORPH/SurfaceVol0.gif
- 19. Nanoparticle Applications: TiO2 •Titanium Dioxide is used as an inorganic white pigment for paper, paints, plastics, and whitening agents. • TiO2 nanoparticles are used as UV blocking pigments in sunscreens, cosmetics, varnishes, and fabrics. • TiO2 has unique photocatalytic properties that make it suitable for a number of advanced applications: – Self-cleaning glass and antifogging coatings – Photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) – Detoxification of waste water – Hydrolysis • COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF THE PROPERTIES OF TiO2 NANOPARTICLESActa Universitatis Lappeenrantaensis 564Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Science (Technology) to be presented with due permission for public examination and criticism in the Auditorium of the Student Union House at Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland on the 19th of December, 2013, at noon.
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