TISSUE HEALING unit1 B.Sc nursing sem 1

TISSUE HEALING unit1 B.Sc nursing sem 1

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  WOUND HEALING
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  ◦The complicated mechanismof wound healing occurs in four phases: ◦Hemostasis ◦Inflammation ◦Proliferation ◦Remodelling.
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  1. Hemostasis ◦ .Hemostasis is the first stage in wound healing that can last for two days. As soon as there is a wound on the body, the blood vessels in the wound area constrict to reduce the blood flow. This is known as vasoconstriction. At the same time, clotting factors are released at the wound site to coagulate with fibrin, resulting in a thrombus, which is more commonly known as a blood clot. The clot acts as a seal between the broken blood vessels to prevent blood loss.
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  2.Inflammation ◦The second phaseof wound healing is called the Inflammatory Phase. It involves phagocytic cells that release reactive oxygen species, lasting for up to seven days in acute wounds and longer in chronic wounds. ◦During this phase, white blood cells and some enzymes enter the wound area to stave off infection by clearing bacteria and debris and preparing the wound bed for new tissue growth. Physical characteristics of the phase include inflammation or redness at the wound site, edema, heat, and pain.
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  3. Proliferation ◦Phase threeof wound healing, the Proliferative Phase, focuses on filling and covering the wound. As inflammatory cells undergo apoptosis, wound healing progresses to the proliferation phase, which is characterized by the formation of granulation tissue, angiogenesis (blood vessel formation), wound contraction, and the process of epithelialization.
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  Proliferation ◦The new tissueis generally red or pink in appearance due to the presence of inflammatory agents. The time it takes for tissue regeneration depends on the production of collagen proteins by fibroblasts, which is a type of cell found in the connective tissue. This phase of wound healing can last for four days to up to three weeks or more
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  4. Remodeling Scar tissueformation characterizes the final Remodeling Phase (also known as Maturation). It may occur over months or years, depending on the initial severity of the wound, its location, and treatment methods. During this phase, the new tissue gradually becomes stronger and more flexible. Collagen production continues to build the tensile strength and elasticity of the skin. The build-up of collagen in the granulation tissue leads to scar tissue formation, which is 20 percent weaker and less elastic than pre-injured skin.