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- 4. 10% of whatwe READ 20% of what we HEAR I do I understand DCU 4 30% of what we SEE 20% of what we HEAR 50% of what we HEAR and SEE Higher levels of retention can be achieved through active involvement in learning.
- 5. I Hear IForget I See I Remember I See I Remember I Do I Understand
- 6.
- 7. Meaning :-Learning is a process of gaining or receiving knowledge of things in the world around us, through sight, sound, smell, taste and touch. Learning takes place in everyone's life all the time from a very early stage in life, and human beings keep on learning all the time. Learning starts from early childhood and it is a Learning starts from early childhood and it is a continuous and life long process. Through learning an individual gains the skills to cope with life. Learning occurs in the family and the community, in formal and informal settings. The word learning encompasses a wide range of connotations across different spheres of life.
- 8. Teaching Aidsare tools that teacher uses in the classroom such as Flash cards, maps, cassette black board etc. Teaching Aids are tools used by the teacher to help learner to improve listening, reading and other skills, illustrate and reinforce a skill, facts other skills, illustrate and reinforce a skill, facts or idea and relieve anxiety, fears and boredom as many teaching aids are like games, Teaching aid is any piece of equipment/material that can be used to help and facilitate learning in students.
- 9. To reinforcewhat you are saying. To ensure that your point is understood. To signal what is important/essential. Teaching aids support the lesson plan and assist learning. Enhance the interest of students, specially students of quite young age. young age. Its quite easy to teach them. Much effective than conservative teaching. As well as teen agers also take interest in pictures and practice. They also want to do their work by themselves. So audio video teaching is much effective than conservative
- 10. A well designedAid should: Promote perception Promote understanding Help reinforce the spoken word Aid memory retention through repetition - but Aid memory retention through repetition - but repetition through a different medium Motivate and arouse interest through requiring students to use different senses to learn Make effective use of the teaching time available to learn
- 11. Aids should be: Simple - do not crowd information onto the page or screen To the point, and well related to the lesson To the point, and well related to the lesson plan interesting and attractive
- 12. Educational values Realization of objectives Pupil centeredness Interest and motivation Simplicity Relevancy and suitability Accuracy Encouragement
- 13. Well preparedness Avoid to much aids Means to an end Integration Availability of resources, size of classroom, finance, facilities and experienced teachers.
- 14. Clarity Attentionand interest Best motivation Use of maximum senses Saving time effort Fixing & recalling knowledge Fixing & recalling knowledge Meeting the individual differences Encouraging activities Introduces variety Development of scientific attitude Direct experience Promotion of understanding
- 15. 1. Identification ofproblem and need 2. Analysis of the problem a. Identification of need and motivating factors b. Persuasion tactics 3. Objective setting 4. Selection of the topics 4. Selection of the topics 5. Format selection 6. Content arrangement: a. Script b. Visual 7. Editing 8. Testing 9. Revision
- 16. Teaching learningmaterials can be grouped into three sections. 1. Audio: dealing with what is heard; music, drums, radio, tape recorder, projectors, DVD and any sound effect that can be heard. 2. Visuals: things that can be seen; 2. Visuals: things that can be seen; 3. Multi-sensory: where pupils learn through the five senses – see, hear, smell, taste and touch. This can take the form of role- play, demonstration, models, simulation, experiments, excursion, visits and so on.
- 17. The usualtraditional teaching aids are blackboards, textbooks, charts, pictures, posters, maps, atlases, globes, flash cards, flip cards, worksheets, science lab apparatus and materials, models, crossword puzzles, quizzes, materials, models, crossword puzzles, quizzes, story telling, dramatization, one act plays, dictionaries, encyclopaedias, reference books, learning toys and abacus. Let us learn about these teaching aids one by one.
- 18. Blackboard isone of the very old and most used teaching aids in the schools along with the text books. Recently blackboards have been changed to green boards, but the basic function of the board remains the same by whatever colour one may name it. Even the material used for making the blackboards is changed from the ordinary wood to the most sophisticated changed from the ordinary wood to the most sophisticated plastic, fibre and glass materials of today. In some classrooms, the blackboards are permanently made of cement and mortar. But the functions of all these are the same. The blackboard has been the most handy and useful tool of a teacher in the classroom.
- 19. TiPs Get tothe lecture hall early to make sure that the board has been cleaned. Bring your own chalk/markers and eraser. Bring your own chalk/markers and eraser. If you have problems with keeping your writing level, draw horizontal lines in advance using a pencil and metre stick. Draw complex diagrams, charts, etc. in advance and cover with a piece of newspaper until needed.
- 20. AdvAnTAges No advancedpreparation required, except when displaying a complex table/chart/ diagram. diagram. Technology is not dependent on electricity or other possible glitches. Can be used by students for problem-solving, etc.
- 21. disAdvAnTAges Time-consuming ifyou have a lot to write. Handwriting may be difficult to read (legibility, size, glare, etc.). size, glare, etc.). Turn your back on audience. Cleaning the board (chalk dust, permanent marker, etc.) Can’t go back to something you’ve erased.
- 22. The prescribedtexts books of studies for particular classes in a school have been the other very useful tool in the hands of the teacher for centuries whereby a teacher uses the text book to read and explain to the students everything contained in the text book lessons. The teacher asks the students to mark or underline important ideas appearing in the lessons and the difficult important ideas appearing in the lessons and the difficult words or the concepts which the students may fail to grasp easily. While using the textbook, sometimes the teachers move away from the subject to tell the students anecdotes, stories or personal experiences concerned with the topic in the textbook that is being taught to the students.
- 23. Use ofclip-art picture/illustration. Tracing Copying using charcoal Enlarging Stick pictures Stick pictures Using old magazines, News papers Illustrating through appropriate local material posters, charts, chalkboard, flannel graph, flashcards, puzzles, objects – (real), projectors, cartoons, television, computer CD, internet and so on.
- 25. Picture chart Time chart Table chart Graphic chart Flow chart Tree chart Pie char
- 30. Flip chartsare useful in teaching situations where you need to teach a number of people at a time. They are used when books are unavailable, scarce, or too expensive for individuals to have their own copy when other media such as overheads and slides are not available, and where group learning slides are not available, and where group learning is most culturally appropriate. A flip chart is a collection of large pages which are bound together at the top. The pages are “flipped” or brought up and to the back as they are used. A flip chart is bound together at the top in such a way that the pages can be easily turned and lie flat.
- 32. A FlannelBoard consists of a piece of flannel or felt made from wool, stretched tightly over a strong backing of plywood. Pictures, cards and similar material can be made stick on it. made stick on it.
- 35. Models arereplicas or copies of real objects with suitable change in size, complexity, timing, safety and cost factors. CLASSIFICATION:- 1) Simplified 1) Simplified 2) Scale 3) Working 4) Cross-sectional 5) Mock-ups GLOBE a globe is a spherical model of earth
- 38. Graph isa flat pictures which employ dots, lines or pictures to visualize numerical and statistical data to show statistics or relationships. Graphs are by nature a summarizing device. Effective tools for comparisons and contrast. KINDS KINDS 1. Line Bar 2. Flannel 3. Circle or 4. Pie 5. Pictorial
- 42. The lessonsin geography becomes realistic when the teachers use wall maps, atlases and globes to make the student understand and know various geographical concepts and to know the locations of various places in the world. various places in the world. Teaching of geography in the classrooms will be meaningless without the use of these teaching aids. Visit to historical places near the school is live experience for the children to learn and these also serve as natural teaching aids.
- 43. Worksheets arean important aid to the students to work out the exercises given in these worksheets. Scientific apparatus, materials and models used in classrooms and science labs No science lesson can said to be complete unless the No science lesson can said to be complete unless the children are shown the practical examples by conducting the science experiments in the lab or class. Models of parts of the human body and many other models depicting the replica of the things taught in the class are very important teaching aids.
- 44. Visit toscience museums, planetariums; zoological parks and places of scientific importance will serve as very good teaching aids to the students. Leaves, twigs, flowers, seeds etc of plants when Leaves, twigs, flowers, seeds etc of plants when shown to the children either from the school garden or a nearby park will add to the botanical knowledge of the students and are living teaching aids from the beginning.
- 45. Teaching aidscan be defined as tools which the teachers or tutors or whoever is involved in the field of teaching including laboratory assistants in the science labs of schools to help the learners in a way that can make them easily learners in a way that can make them easily understand and comprehend what is taught to them. The teaching aids can improve understanding of concepts, cognitive development reading, writing and speaking skills of the students.
- 46. In aneasy illustrative way, the teaching aids can reinforce whatever the ideas, facts or skills have already been learnt by the students. The user friendly and interactive teaching aids help to remove the anxiety, fear, boredom or any help to remove the anxiety, fear, boredom or any other complex feeling which the students may develop while learning their subjects of study.
- 47. Crossword puzzles,quizzes and story telling etc. Crossword puzzles and other quizzes held in the school from time to time also serve as a sort of teaching aids. teaching aids. Learning games which the students play in the classrooms are also one of the teaching aids. Children may be asked to write stories from the pictures shown to them. They may also be given incomplete stories to complete.
- 48. Dictionaries, Encyclopaediasand other reference books Dictionaries, encyclopaedias and other books of reference always come to the help of the teachers and the students when ever they want teachers and the students when ever they want to find out the meaning of any word or an idea. Books containing facts of knowledge and important data books help the teachers and students to find them easily in these books.
- 49. Toys areusually used in small classes for teaching the children the names of various fruits, vegetables, animals, birds, insects etc. Toy models of these objects are easily available in the market. Children in lower classes are also given some objects like marbles and beads to learn numbers. marbles and beads to learn numbers. Toy clocks and watches are used in schools to teach children the concept of time. Use abacus as a teaching aid The use of abacus in learning numbers and small mathematical operations has been in use since times immemorial.
- 50. Mathematics includinggeometry kits The geometry box containing compasses, protectors, ruler scales etc. is very important set of aids in the hands of students and teachers to learn geometrical concepts. The teachers will learn geometrical concepts. The teachers will have the same instruments made in larges sizes to explain the sums in geometry to the students using chalk in stead of pencils which the students use.
- 52. Use oftechnology is so much these days in each and every domain of our lives, be it education or the regular household work, that have we ever taken out a second to wonder if it’s leaving a positive impact on our work or it’s it’s leaving a positive impact on our work or it’s just that we have been relying too much on it that we have become habitual to it, ignoring the direction of its impact? Technology is causing education to improve over time or have we just been catching up with the trend of educational technology.
- 53. With technology,educators, students and parents have a variety of learning tools at their fingertips. Here are some of the ways in which technology improves education over time: Teachers can collaborate to share their ideas and resources online: They can communicate with others across the world in an instant, meet the shortcomings of across the world in an instant, meet the shortcomings of their work, refine it and provide their students with the best. This approach definitely enhances the practice of teaching. Students can develop valuable research skills at a young age: Technology gives students immediate access to an abundance of quality information which leads to learning at much quicker rates than before.
- 54. Students andteachers have access to an expanse of material: There are plenty of resourceful, credible websites available on the Internet that both teachers and students can utilize. The Internet also provides a variety of knowledge and doesn’t limit students to one person’s opinion. opinion. Online learning is now an equally credible option: Face-to-face interaction is huge, especially in the younger years, but some students work better when they can go at their own pace. Online education is now accredited and has changed the way we view education.
- 55. The useof internet technology has enabled teachers to reach students across boarders and also students from developing countries have used internet technology to subscribe for advanced educational courses. Many universities and colleges have embraced online Many universities and colleges have embraced online education by creating virtual classrooms. Online education is flexible and affordable, students can attend classrooms during their free time, and they can also have a chance to interact with other students virtually.
- 56. Computers havebecome of the most important learning aids of the modern times. Today's education is considered incomplete without computers. This is the basic machine on This is the basic machine on which all other electronic medias of learning depend. These can be bought in various forms like desktops, lap tops, notebooks and simply e-readers.
- 57. The PowerPointpresentations in the form of slides and PowerPoint games serve a very important role in the modern education. Any person with a basic knowledge of PowerPoint can learn to make slides and games PowerPoint can learn to make slides and games on the relevant subjects of teaching with a very little training. If a teacher is really interested to learn and use this media to teach his or her students can do it in very short period of time.