Topic 1 -it_in_organization
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This document discusses management information systems and trends in information technology. It covers: 1) How IT has become more pervasive in organizations and daily work. Management of IT has also become more complex as business expectations have increased. 2) Recent IT trends including faster and more mobile computer hardware, standardized yet integrated software packages, and the development of high-bandwidth global computer networks. 3) How IT can enable companies to lower costs or differentiate themselves to gain competitive advantages through strategies like operational automation or customization. 4) Emerging ways of working like telecommuting, contracting as a free agent, and collaborating virtually in distributed teams enabled by new technologies.
![MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Executive MBA PGSM
MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai
Managing IT in an E-World
This “telephone” has too many shortcomings to be seriously considered as a means of
communication. The device is inherently of no value to us.
-Western Union internal memo, 1876
I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.
There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home.
640K ought to be enough for anybody.
Dell has a great business model, but that dog won’t scale.
MISPREDICTIONS BY IT INDUSTRY LEADERS
-Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943
But what [is a microchip] good for?
-Engineer at the Advanced Computing Systems Division of IBM, 1968
-Ken Olson, president, chairman, and founder of Digital Equipment Corp., 1977
-Attributed to Bill Gates, chairman of Microsoft, 1981
-John Shoemaker, head of Sun’s server division, 2000
What would I do? I'd shut [Apple] down and give the money back to the shareholders.
--Michael Dell, chief executive officer and founder of Dell Computer, 1997
MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai
Managing IT in an E-World
• IT investments are important strategic
decisions for many organizations
By the year 2000, more than half
of capital expenditures by
businesses in developed
countries were for IT purchases](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/topic1-itinorganization-140706075232-phpapp01/85/Topic-1-it_in_organization-3-320.jpg)
![MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Executive MBA PGSM
MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai
RECENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
TRENDS
• Computer Hardware: Faster, Cheaper, Mobile
– Computers have become smaller and faster
– Hardware prices have dropped
– Trend over time is for more mobile computers
Microcomputers
(1970’s)
IBM Personal
Computer
(1981)
Personal Digital
Assistants [PDAs]
introduced
(early 1990s)
Laptop
Computers
outsell desktops
(2005)
Touch screen cell
phones
introduced
(2007)
MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai
RECENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
TRENDS
• Computer Software: Custom and Prewritten,
Standardized and Integrated
– Standardization
• Has enabled increased collaboration
• Many “standards” are just de facto standards (e.g.
Microsoft Windows, Office, and Internet Explorer)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/topic1-itinorganization-140706075232-phpapp01/85/Topic-1-it_in_organization-4-320.jpg)
Topic 1 -it_in_organization
- 1. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Executive MBA PGSM MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information System, Dr. Pham Van Tai Management Information System TOPIC 1 IT in Organization MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai Managing IT in an E-World • Computer technology (hardware and software) for processing and storing information, as well as communications technology for transmitting information Information Technology (IT)
- 2. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Executive MBA PGSM MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai Managing IT in an E-World • IT has become more pervasive – IT does not exist only in the back-office – More and more employees are reliant upon IT for their daily work • Management of IT has changed – Business managers and users expect more from IT – The management of IT has become more complex MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai Managing IT in an E-World • Hard to predict trends due to rate of change in IT industry • Consider several mis-predictions …
- 3. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Executive MBA PGSM MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai Managing IT in an E-World This “telephone” has too many shortcomings to be seriously considered as a means of communication. The device is inherently of no value to us. -Western Union internal memo, 1876 I think there is a world market for maybe five computers. There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home. 640K ought to be enough for anybody. Dell has a great business model, but that dog won’t scale. MISPREDICTIONS BY IT INDUSTRY LEADERS -Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943 But what [is a microchip] good for? -Engineer at the Advanced Computing Systems Division of IBM, 1968 -Ken Olson, president, chairman, and founder of Digital Equipment Corp., 1977 -Attributed to Bill Gates, chairman of Microsoft, 1981 -John Shoemaker, head of Sun’s server division, 2000 What would I do? I'd shut [Apple] down and give the money back to the shareholders. --Michael Dell, chief executive officer and founder of Dell Computer, 1997 MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai Managing IT in an E-World • IT investments are important strategic decisions for many organizations By the year 2000, more than half of capital expenditures by businesses in developed countries were for IT purchases
- 4. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Executive MBA PGSM MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai RECENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TRENDS • Computer Hardware: Faster, Cheaper, Mobile – Computers have become smaller and faster – Hardware prices have dropped – Trend over time is for more mobile computers Microcomputers (1970’s) IBM Personal Computer (1981) Personal Digital Assistants [PDAs] introduced (early 1990s) Laptop Computers outsell desktops (2005) Touch screen cell phones introduced (2007) MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai RECENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TRENDS • Computer Software: Custom and Prewritten, Standardized and Integrated – Standardization • Has enabled increased collaboration • Many “standards” are just de facto standards (e.g. Microsoft Windows, Office, and Internet Explorer)
- 5. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Executive MBA PGSM MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai RECENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TRENDS • Computer Software: Custom and Prewritten, Standardized and Integrated • Software packages with integrated modules that pass common business transactions across groups, divisions, and national boundaries in “real time” Enterprise Systems MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai RECENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TRENDS • Computer Networks: High Bandwidth, Global, and Wireless ARPANETcreated (late 1960s) Introductionof the World Wide Web (early 1990s) Consumer high-speed Internet connections widely available (early 2000s) Number of Internet users tops 1 billion (2005) Wireless Internet access common in many locations (today)
- 6. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Executive MBA PGSM MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai New Ways to Compete • IT can shape business strategy • Ways of competing (Porter, 1980) • Compete by being a low-cost producer of a good or serviceCost • Compete by offering products or services customers prefer due to superiority with innovativeness, image, quality, or customer service Differentiation • Simultaneously focusing on low-cost and differentiation often within a specific market nicheBoth MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai New Ways to Compete • IT can decrease organizational costs – Examples: • Automating transaction time • Shortening order cycle time • Providing operational information for decision making • IT can enable differentiation – Examples: • Giving sales personnel information to better serve customers • Providing just-in-time supplies for customers • Creating new information-based products • Allowing product customization by the consumer
- 7. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Executive MBA PGSM MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai New Ways to Work • Pros – Flexibility – Work-life balance • Cons – Isolation – Fewer opportunities • Individuals who use mobile technology and/or network connections to work remotely from the office Telecommuters MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai New Ways to Work • Pros – Work may change more than when an employee of a single organization – Organizations do not need to make long-term commitments to an employee • Cons – Lack of benefits – Unpredictability in scheduling and work • Individuals who choose to contract out their services and are not tied to an organization Free Agents
- 8. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Executive MBA PGSM MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai New Ways to Work • Pros – Workers can be located anywhere – Teams can be composed of members with specialized skills from different business units or companies • Cons – Coordination can be more difficult • Geographically separated work teams whose members communicate through the use of IT Virtual Teams MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai Managing IT in Organizations • Information Technology departments can vary greatly across businesses depending on organizational needs • The organizational unit or department that has the primary responsibility for managing IT Information Systems (IS) Department
- 9. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Executive MBA PGSM MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai Managing IT in Organizations Factory Strategic Support Turnaround MODES OF DEPENDENCY ON IT Need for New Information Technology Need for Reliable Information Technology (Based on Nolan and McFarlan 2005) Defensive Offensive MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai Managing IT in Organizations • Support Mode – Low Need for New Information Technology – Low Need for Reliable Information Technology – IT primarily for back-office functions Support
- 10. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Executive MBA PGSM MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai Managing IT in Organizations • Factory Mode – Low Need for New Information Technology – High Need for Reliable Information Technology – Dependent on IT for business operations, but do not invest in new IT to compete in new ways Factory MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai Managing IT in Organizations • Strategic Mode – High Need for New Information Technology – High Need for Reliable Information Technology – Dependent on IT for operations and on new IT investments to implement new business strategies Strategic
- 11. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Executive MBA PGSM MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai Managing IT in Organizations • Turnaround Mode – High Need for New Information Technology – Low Need for Reliable Information Technology – Companies in the Support quadrant may enter this mode by taking advantage of a new technology with the goal of entering the Strategic mode Turnaround MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai Managing IT in Organizations • Computer and communications infrastructure that enables information sharing over standard IT platforms Technology Asset • Established partnering relationships for joint IT-business decision-making Relationship Asset • Pool of IT people talent for needed mix of technology and business skillsHuman Asset
- 12. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Executive MBA PGSM MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai Managing IT in Organizations IT Worker Myths • IT doesn’t matter and provides no business benefits • IT work is boring and monotonous • All IT jobs are being outsourced • Globalization will ruin the IT field • U.S. IT worker demand is declining IT Worker Facts • IT is vital to business profitability • Fast pace of technological change keeps IT careers interesting • Offshoring threat overstated • Globalization of IT is an opportunity • U.S. IT worker demand will remain strong MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai Managing IT in Organizations • IT Leadership Roles • A firm’s high-level general IT manager with both technology and business leadership experience. Together with the organization’s executive management team the CIO ensures the alignment of IT resources with business goals and plans for integration of IT for strategic advantage Chief Information Officer (CIO)
- 13. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Executive MBA PGSM MBA program, Paris Graduate School of Management, Management Information Systems, Dr. Pham Van Tai CEOCEO Business Unit #1 Business Unit #1 Business Unit #2 Business Unit #2 Business Unit # 3 Business Unit # 3 CIOCIO VP (IT) Individual VP (IT) Individual VP (IT) Retirement Services VP (IT) Retirement Services VP (IT) GroupVP (IT) Group Corporate Applications / Payroll / HR Corporate Applications / Payroll / HR Enterprise Architecture Enterprise Architecture Planning and Finance Planning and Finance Systems Operations Systems Operations Managing IT in Organizations • Typical IS Organization Chart