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Topic 6_Part 1_CURRICULUM STUDIES .pptx
- 1. CURRICULUM STUDIES TSLB3163 Week 8-Lecture (3 hours) Topic 6: Current Issues in Curriculum Implementation 26-30 September 2022
- 2. Let’s Talk • Whatare the current issues in Curriculum Implementation? • Why do we have these issues?
- 3. Current Issues inCurriculum Implementation • Literacy • Access • Equity • Multilingualism • Technological innovations • Unity • Special needs
- 4. Literacy Literacy - theability to read and write. The inability to do so is called illiteracy or analphabetism. Visual literacy - the ability to understand visual forms of communication such as body language , pictures, maps, and video. Evolving definitions of literacy often include all the symbol systems relevant to a particular community.
- 5. Literacy Literacy encompasses acomplex set of abilities to understand and use the dominant symbol systems of a culture for personal and community development. In a technological society, the concept of literacy is expanding - include the media and electronic text, in addition to alphabetic and number systems. These abilities vary in different social and cultural contexts according to need, demand and education.
- 6. Literacy • The primarysense of literacy still represents the lifelong, intellectual process of gaining meaning from a critical interpretation of the written or printed text. • The key to all literacy is reading development, a progression of skills that begins with the ability to understand spoken words and decode written words, and culminates in the deep understanding of text.
- 7. Literacy • Reading developmentinvolves a range of complex language underpinnings including awareness of speech sounds (phonology), spelling patterns (orthography), word meaning (semantics), grammar ( syntax) and patterns of word formation (morphology), all of which provide a necessary platform for reading fluency and comprehension.
- 8. Literacy • Once theseskills are acquired, the reader can attain full language literacy, which includes the abilities to approach printed material with critical analysis, inference and synthesis; to write with accuracy and coherence; and to use information and insights from text as the basis for informed decisions and creative thought.
- 9. Discussion: Literacy What aresome of the issues related to literacy in Malaysia?
- 10. Access to Education Access toeducation - the ability of people to have equal opportunity in education, regardless of their social class, gender, ethnicity background or physical and mental disabilities. Access to education encourages a variety of pedagogical approaches to accomplish the dissemination of knowledge across the diversity of social, political, cultural, economic, national and biological backgrounds.
- 11. Access to Education • Initiallydeveloped with the theme of equal opportunity access and inclusion of students with learning or physical and mental disabilities, the themes governing universal access to education have now expanded across all forms of ability and diversity.
- 12. Access to Education • However,as the definition of diversity is within itself is a broad amalgamation, teachers exercising universal access will continually face challenges and incorporate adjustments in their lesson plan to foster themes of equal opportunity of education.
- 13. Discussion: Access to Education Identifysome of issues related to access to education in Malaysia
- 14. Equity Equity – measurementof achievement, fairness n opportunity to education Equal access in Malaysia - > entitlement and opportunity to education
- 15. Equity It encompasses awide variety of educational models, programs and strategies that may be considered fair, but not necessarily equal. “equity is the process; equality is the outcome,” given that equity—what is fair and just—may not, in the process of educating students, reflect strict equality—what is applied, allocated, or distributed equally.
- 16. Equity The growing importanceof education equity is based on the premise that an individual’s level of education is directly correlated to the quality of life he or she will live in the future. Therefore, an academic system that practices educational equity is a strong foundation of a society that is fair and thriving. However, inequity in education is challenging to avoid, and can be broken down into inequity due to socioeconomic standing, race, gender or disability.
- 17. Multilingualism The ability ofusing three or more languages with roughly equal capacity UNESCO adopted the term ‘multilingual education’ in 1999 in the General Conference Resolution 12 to refer to the use of at least three languages, the mother tongue, a regional or national language and an international language in education • In regions where the language of the learner is not the official or national language of the country, bilingual and multilingual can make mother tongue instruction possible while providing at the same time acquisition of languages used in larger areas of the country and the world
- 18. Multilingualism Refers to languageused for teaching the basic curriculum of the educational system Challenge in the development of quality education– The choice of the language? Educational policy might recommend the use of several languages of instruction • One language of instruction • Often, the official or majority language • National or local languages an important place in schooling (educational strategies)
- 19. Multilingualism Refers to theuse of the learners’ mother tongue as the medium of instruction The language(s) one identifies with or is identified as a native speakers by others The language(s) one knows best The language(s) one uses most Referred to as ‘primary’ or ‘first’ language
- 20. Multilingualism • An importantcomponent of quality education, particularly in early years • Expert view – mother tongue instruction should cover both the teaching of and the teaching through this language • Studies shown that instruction in the mother tongue is beneficial to language competencies in the first language, achievement in other subject areas, and second language learning
- 21. Multilingualism These guidelines representthe diversity of thinking on this complex and challenging issue Three basic principles: 1. UNESCO supports mother tongue instruction as a means of improving educational quality by building upon the knowledge and experience of the learners & teachers 2. UNESCO supports bilingual and/or multilingual education at all levels of education as a means of promoting both social & gender equality and as a means of promoting both social and gender equality and as a key element of linguistically diverse societies 3. UNESCO supports language as an essential component of inter-cultural education in order to encourage understanding between different population groups and ensure respect for fundamental rights
- 22. Multilingualism The Development ofEducation • Early years: English played a dominant role – two kinds of English schools (mission school and free schools) • Post-war: Bilingual education - Malay became the national language and English was permitted as a medium in secondary schools
- 23. Multilingualism • 1970: Malayas the main medium of education. Debate about the role of English in education and the society especially its role as the international language of communication in business, commerce and politics. • 1990 and the first decade of 21st century: Series of language-in-education policy changes (signalled a move back to English-medium)
- 24. Multilingualism • English languageis a key school subject, and it is part of the school curriculum from primary and secondary level for all learners. • In 2011, a new curriculum for the primary school, Primary School Standard Curriculum (KSSR) was launched in an effort to restructure the components in the previous curriculum, Integrated Curriculum for Primary School (KBSR). • KBSR was based on the linear approach of integrating the four language skills in English lesson • KSSR is based on modular approach whereby the pupils in schools need to master listening and speaking first, before moving to learn other language skills of reading and writing; and reasoning skill (thinking skill) is included. • The Malaysian Education Blueprint also stresses on bilingualism/multilingualism
- 25. Multilingualism What are someof the issues faced in Malaysia in regards to Multiligualism?
- 26. Tutorial Task 1 Workin groups of three. Task: •Identify a current issue and its challenges related to the Malaysian English language curriculum. •Suggest ways on how you would overcome the challenges.