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Towards Concise Preservation by Managed Forgetting: Research Issues and Case Study
The ForgetIt project aims to address challenges in digital content preservation by integrating managed forgetting principles inspired by human memory. It seeks to create an efficient framework for identifying relevant information while reducing redundancy and preventing inadvertent forgetting, thereby complementing human memory. Key goals include enabling smooth transitions in preservation practices and improving long-term content management as digital storage needs evolve.
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Towards Concise Preservation by Managed Forgetting: Research Issues and Case Study
- 1. ForgetIT Project, GA600826 Towards Concise Preservation by Managed Forgetting iPRES-2013 Conference Lisbon, Portugal 5 September 2013 Nattiya Kanhabua, Claudia Niederée, and Wolf Siberski L3S Research Center / Leibniz Universität Hannover Hannover, Germany
- 2. Partners in theForgetIT project An interdisciplinary team of experts in: – Preservation, information management, information extraction – Multimedia analysis, storage computing, cognitive psychology 2
- 3. Outline Motivation & Vision Approaches:First Ideas Integration Framework Pilot Applications: Overview ForgetIT Project, GA 600826 3
- 4. Inspiration 4 A Computer thatforgets ? Intentionally ?? And in context of preservation???
- 5. Inspiration However we arefacing – dramatic increase in content creation (e.g. digital photography) – information overload and changing professional + private lives – increasing storage costs for long-term storage (>10 years) – increasing use of mobile devices with restricted capacity – inadvertent forgetting in lack of systematic preservation 5 A Computer that forgets ? Intentionally ?? And in context of preservation???
- 6. Inspiration However we arefacing – dramatic increase in content creation (e.g. digital photography) – information overload and changing professional + private lives – increasing storage costs for long-term storage (>10 years) – increasing use of mobile devices with restricted capacity – inadvertent forgetting in lack of systematic preservation And: Forgetting plays a crucial role for human remembering and life in general (focus, stress on important information, forgetting of details) 6 A Computer that forgets ? Intentionally ?? And in context of preservation???
- 7. Inspiration However we arefacing – dramatic increase in content creation (e.g. digital photography) – information overload and changing professional + private lives – increasing storage costs for long-term storage (>10 years) – increasing use of mobile devices with restricted capacity – inadvertent forgetting in lack of systematic preservation And: Forgetting plays a crucial role for human remembering and life in general (focus, stress on important information, forgetting of details) 7 A Computer that forgets ? Intentionally ?? And in context of preservation??? So: “Shouldn’t there be something like forgetting in digital memories as well? Forget IT
- 8. Complementing Human Memory 8 V.Mayer-Schönberger. Delete - The Virtue of Forgetting in the Digital Age. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2009.
- 9. Motivation 9 major progressin preservation technology maturing Information extraction technology storage as service (e.g. clouds) Opportunities increasing amount of digital content handled over decades more or less systematic backup strategies used non-paper practices for long-term perspective required Needs
- 10. Motivation 10 major progressin preservation technology maturing Information extraction technology storage as service (e.g. clouds) Opportunities increasing amount of digital content handled over decades more or less systematic backup strategies used non-paper practices for long-term perspective required Needs large gap for adoption high-up front cost no established practices lack of understanding of benefit reluctance to invest Major Obstacles
- 11. Vision: Building aBridge 11 major progress in preservation technology maturing Information extraction technology storage as service (e.g. clouds) Opportunities increasing amount of digital content handled over decades more or less systematic backup strategies used non-paper practices for long-term perspective required Needs large gap for adoption high-up front cost no established practices lack of understanding of benefit reluctance to invest Major Obstacles
- 12. Vision: Building aBridge 12 major progress in preservation technology maturing Information extraction technology storage as service (e.g. clouds) Opportunities increasing amount of digital content handled over decades more or less systematic backup strategies used non-paper practices for long-term perspective required Needs Enabling smooth transition to preservation large gap for adoption high-up front cost no established practices lack of understanding of benefit reluctance to invest Major Obstacles
- 13. Vision: Building aBridge 13 major progress in preservation technology maturing Information extraction technology storage as service (e.g. clouds) Opportunities increasing amount of digital content handled over decades more or less systematic backup strategies used non-paper practices for long-term perspective required Needs Enabling smooth transition to preservation Creating immediate benefit + reducing effort large gap for adoption high-up front cost no established practices lack of understanding of benefit reluctance to invest Major Obstacles
- 14. Vision: Building aBridge 14 major progress in preservation technology maturing Information extraction technology storage as service (e.g. clouds) Opportunities increasing amount of digital content handled over decades more or less systematic backup strategies used non-paper practices for long-term perspective required Needs ForgetIT Enabling smooth transition to preservation Creating immediate benefit + reducing effort Opening alternatives to “keep it all” and “forgetting by accident” large gap for adoption high-up front cost no established practices lack of understanding of benefit reluctance to invest Major Obstacles
- 15. Vision: Building aBridge 15 major progress in preservation technology maturing Information extraction technology storage as service (e.g. clouds) Opportunities increasing amount of digital content handled over decades more or less systematic backup strategies used non-paper practices for long-term perspective required Needs ForgetIT Enabling smooth transition to preservation Creating immediate benefit + reducing effort Opening alternatives to “keep it all” and “forgetting by accident” Easing interpretation in the long run large gap for adoption high-up front cost no established practices lack of understanding of benefit reluctance to invest Major Obstacles
- 16. Vision: Building aBridge 16 major progress in preservation technology maturing Information extraction technology storage as service (e.g. clouds) Opportunities increasing amount of digital content handled over decades more or less systematic backup strategies used non-paper practices for long-term perspective required Needs ForgetIT Enabling smooth transition to preservation Creating immediate benefit + reducing effort Opening alternatives to “keep it all” and “forgetting by accident” Easing interpretation in the long run taking inspiration from and complementing human memory large gap for adoption high-up front cost no established practices lack of understanding of benefit reluctance to invest Major Obstacles
- 17.
- 18. Building the Bridge 18 Managed Forgetting Synergetic Preservation Contextualized Remembering •as opposed to the current “forgetting by accident” • inspired by human forgetting
- 19. Building the Bridge 19 Managed Forgetting Synergetic Preservation Contextualized Remembering •bringing back information into active use in a meaningful way • as opposed to the current “forgetting by accident” • inspired by human forgetting
- 20. Building the Bridge 20 Managed Forgetting Synergetic Preservation Contextualized Remembering •bringing back information into active use in a meaningful way • as opposed to the current “forgetting by accident” • inspired by human forgetting • couples information management and preservation management
- 21. Simple Example: Holidays 21 +20Years+5-10 Years+1 Yearsafter trip +1 month • Trip to Paris with Friends • Thousands of picures
- 22. • High awareness of tripdetails • Showing of pictures • Sorting out redundant pictures • Sub-grouping and sorting Simple Example: Holidays 22 +20 Years+5-10 Years+1 Yearsafter trip +1 month • Trip to Paris with Friends • Thousands of picures
- 23. • High awareness of tripdetails • Showing of pictures • Sorting out redundant pictures • Sub-grouping and sorting Simple Example: Holidays 23 +20 Years+5-10 Years+1 Yearsafter trip +1 month • Trip to Paris with Friends • Thousands of picures • Life goes on • Pictures go out of focus • Creation of a small diverse subset for showing occasionally
- 24. • High awareness of tripdetails • Showing of pictures • Sorting out redundant pictures • Sub-grouping and sorting Simple Example: Holidays 24 +20 Years+5-10 Years+1 Yearsafter trip +1 month • Trip to Paris with Friends • Thousands of picures • Life goes on • Pictures go out of focus • Creation of a small diverse subset for showing occasionally • Creation of summary page • Addition of context info • Further reduction of redundancy • Rest of pictures into archive February 2015 Paris Team: Me, Mary Christine, Tom
- 25. • High awareness of tripdetails • Showing of pictures • Sorting out redundant pictures • Sub-grouping and sorting Simple Example: Holidays 25 +20 Years+5-10 Years+1 Yearsafter trip +1 month • Trip to Paris with Friends • Thousands of picures • Life goes on • Pictures go out of focus • Creation of a small diverse subset for showing occasionally • Creation of summary page • Addition of context info • Further reduction of redundancy • Rest of pictures into archive February 2015 Paris Team: Me, Mary Christine, Tom • Changes in life (e.g. marriage) • Addition/ update of context information • Dealing with preservation issues girlfriend
- 26. • High awareness of tripdetails • Showing of pictures • Sorting out redundant pictures • Sub-grouping and sorting Simple Example: Holidays 26 +20 Years+5-10 Years+1 Yearsafter trip +1 month • Trip to Paris with Friends • Thousands of picures • Life goes on • Pictures go out of focus • Creation of a small diverse subset for showing occasionally • Creation of summary page • Addition of context info • Further reduction of redundancy • Rest of pictures into archive February 2015 Paris Team: Me, Mary Christine, Tom • Changes in life (e.g. marriage) • Addition/ update of context information • Dealing with preservation issues girlfriendGirlfriend wife
- 27. • High awareness of tripdetails • Showing of pictures • Sorting out redundant pictures • Sub-grouping and sorting Simple Example: Holidays 27 +20 Years+5-10 Years+1 Yearsafter trip +1 month • Trip to Paris with Friends • Thousands of picures • Life goes on • Pictures go out of focus • Creation of a small diverse subset for showing occasionally • Creation of summary page • Addition of context info • Further reduction of redundancy • Rest of pictures into archive February 2015 Paris Team: Me, Mary Christine, Tom • Changes in life (e.g. marriage) • Addition/ update of context information • Dealing with preservation issues girlfriendGirlfriend wife • Revisiting of Photo of trip photos • Re- integration into overall photo collection (link into context)
- 28.
- 29. Managed Forgetting inspired bycentral role of human forgetting Aim: – help in identifying and focus on relevant information – supporting preservation content selection will replace inadvertent forgetting managed forgetting ≠ automatic deletion instead: range of forgetting options e.g. – resource condensation – change of indexing & ranking – reduction of redundancy 29
- 30. Managed Forgetting inspired bycentral role of human forgetting Aim: – help in identifying and focus on relevant information – supporting preservation content selection will replace inadvertent forgetting managed forgetting ≠ automatic deletion instead: range of forgetting options e.g. – resource condensation – change of indexing & ranking – reduction of redundancy Based on: 30
- 31. Managed Forgetting inspired bycentral role of human forgetting Aim: – help in identifying and focus on relevant information – supporting preservation content selection will replace inadvertent forgetting managed forgetting ≠ automatic deletion instead: range of forgetting options e.g. – resource condensation – change of indexing & ranking – reduction of redundancy Based on: careful information value assessment 31 decreasing memory buoyancy
- 32. Managed Forgetting inspired bycentral role of human forgetting Aim: – help in identifying and focus on relevant information – supporting preservation content selection will replace inadvertent forgetting managed forgetting ≠ automatic deletion instead: range of forgetting options e.g. – resource condensation – change of indexing & ranking – reduction of redundancy Based on: careful information value assessment forgetting strategies via policies 32 decreasing memory buoyancy
- 33. Managed Forgetting inspired bycentral role of human forgetting Aim: – help in identifying and focus on relevant information – supporting preservation content selection will replace inadvertent forgetting managed forgetting ≠ automatic deletion instead: range of forgetting options e.g. – resource condensation – change of indexing & ranking – reduction of redundancy Based on: careful information value assessment forgetting strategies via policies forgetting options to integrate final manual checking before deletion 33 decreasing memory buoyancy
- 34. Managed Forgetting inspired bycentral role of human forgetting Aim: – help in identifying and focus on relevant information – supporting preservation content selection will replace inadvertent forgetting managed forgetting ≠ automatic deletion instead: range of forgetting options e.g. – resource condensation – change of indexing & ranking – reduction of redundancy Based on: careful information value assessment forgetting strategies via policies forgetting options to integrate final manual checking before deletion combination with multi-tier storage solution possible 34 decreasing memory buoyancy Use of tiers
- 35. Contextualized Remembering Aim: – bringingback information into active use in a meaningful way even if a lot of time has passed – aiming for semantic level of preservation Based on: taking into account relevant parts of context when moving to archive increasing contextualization of preserved content considering context evolution over time (evolution-aware contextualization) 35
- 36. Evolution-aware Contextualization & Re-contextualization 36 Contextof Interpretation t C Archival Information System Information System D
- 37. Evolution-aware Contextualization & Re-contextualization 37 Contextof Interpretation t C C‘ Archival Information System Information System Human Forgetting Change in focus Structural changes D
- 38. Evolution-aware Contextualization & Re-contextualization 38 Contextof Interpretation t C C‘ Archival Information System Information System Human Forgetting Change in focus Structural changes Contextualization D D
- 39. Evolution-aware Contextualization & Re-contextualization 39 Contextof Interpretation t C C‘ Archival Information System Pres(D‘) Pres(C‘) Information System Human Forgetting Change in focus Structural changes Contextualization D Context-aware Preservation D D
- 40. Evolution-aware Contextualization & Re-contextualization 40 Contextof Interpretation t C C‘ Archival Information System Pres(D‘) Pres(C‘) Information System Human Forgetting Change in focus Structural changes C‘‘ Semantic evolution Structural evolution Terminology evolution Contextualization D Context-aware Preservation D D
- 41. Evolution-aware Contextualization & Re-contextualization 41 Contextof Interpretation t C C‘ Archival Information System Pres(D‘) Pres(C‘) Information System Human Forgetting Change in focus Structural changes C‘‘ Semantic evolution Structural evolution Terminology evolution Contextualization D Context-aware Preservation Semantic Evolution Detection D D
- 42. Evolution-aware Contextualization & Re-contextualization 42 Contextof Interpretation t C C‘ Archival Information System Pres(D‘) Pres(C‘) Information System Human Forgetting Change in focus Structural changes C‘‘ Evolution-aware Contextualization Pres(D‘) Pres(C‘‘) Semantic evolution Structural evolution Terminology evolution Contextualization D Context-aware Preservation Semantic Evolution Detection D D
- 43. Evolution-aware Contextualization & Re-contextualization 43 Contextof Interpretation t C C‘ Archival Information System Pres(D‘) Pres(C‘) Information System Human Forgetting Change in focus Structural changes C‘‘ Evolution-aware Contextualization Re-contextualization Pres(D‘) Pres(C‘‘) Semantic evolution Structural evolution Terminology evolution Pres(D‘) Pres(C‘‘) D Contextualization C‘‘‘ D Context-aware Preservation Semantic Evolution Detection D D
- 44. Synergetic Preservation smooth andstep-wise transition between active information use and preservation enables rich information flow in both directions supports more informed preservation decisions eases preservation adoption ForgetIT Project, GA600826 - Kickoff Meeting, Hannover, February 2013 44 Data Management Descr. Info. Archival Storage AIPs Access Ingest Administration Preservation Planning Preserve-or-Forget Framework Synergetic Preservation Extraction & Contextualization Re- Contextualization Content Management Access Authoring Administration Adapter Layer Managed Forgetting Information Assessment Condensation ArchivalInformationSystem InformationManagementSystem
- 45. Integration Framework 45 Information Management System •Resources + Meta data: • ResourceID • Content (size, tags, aging, geo) • Context (folder/file usage) • Social features • Resources neighbours (Graph) Forgettor Assessor calculates: + Memory Buoyancy + Perservation Value Analyzer 1. Classification of resources w.r.t. startegies 2. Triggers forgetting actions Strategies Values Statistics Resources Meta-Info Resources Values + Decisions
- 46. Integration Framework 46 Information Management System •Resources + Meta data: • ResourceID • Content (size, tags, aging, geo) • Context (folder/file usage) • Social features • Resources neighbours (Graph) Forgettor Assessor calculates: + Memory Buoyancy + Perservation Value Analyzer 1. Classification of resources w.r.t. startegies 2. Triggers forgetting actions Strategies Values Statistics Resources Meta-Info Resources Values + Decisions Input: strategy meta-infomation (content, context, neigbours ) previous values
- 47. Integration Framework 47 Information Management System •Resources + Meta data: • ResourceID • Content (size, tags, aging, geo) • Context (folder/file usage) • Social features • Resources neighbours (Graph) Forgettor Assessor calculates: + Memory Buoyancy + Perservation Value Analyzer 1. Classification of resources w.r.t. startegies 2. Triggers forgetting actions Strategies Values Statistics Forgetting strategies for different types of resources Resources Meta-Info Resources Values + Decisions Input: strategy meta-infomation (content, context, neigbours ) previous values
- 48. Integration Framework 48 Information Management System •Resources + Meta data: • ResourceID • Content (size, tags, aging, geo) • Context (folder/file usage) • Social features • Resources neighbours (Graph) Forgettor Assessor calculates: + Memory Buoyancy + Perservation Value Analyzer 1. Classification of resources w.r.t. startegies 2. Triggers forgetting actions Strategies Values Statistics Forgetting strategies for different types of resources Resources Meta-Info Resources Values + Decisions Input: strategy meta-infomation (content, context, neigbours ) previous values Processing Resources based on stategies and information values
- 49. Integration Framework 49 Information Management System •Resources + Meta data: • ResourceID • Content (size, tags, aging, geo) • Context (folder/file usage) • Social features • Resources neighbours (Graph) Forgettor Assessor calculates: + Memory Buoyancy + Perservation Value Analyzer 1. Classification of resources w.r.t. startegies 2. Triggers forgetting actions Strategies Values Statistics Forgetting strategies for different types of resources Resources Meta-Info Resources Values + Decisions Input: strategy meta-infomation (content, context, neigbours ) previous values Processing Resources based on stategies and information values Storing the new values and sending them back to IMS
- 50. Integration Framework 50 Information Management System •Resources + Meta data: • ResourceID • Content (size, tags, aging, geo) • Context (folder/file usage) • Social features • Resources neighbours (Graph) Forgettor Assessor calculates: + Memory Buoyancy + Perservation Value Analyzer 1. Classification of resources w.r.t. startegies 2. Triggers forgetting actions Strategies Values Statistics Forgetting strategies for different types of resources Resources Meta-Info Resources Values + Decisions Input: strategy meta-infomation (content, context, neigbours ) previous values Processing Resources based on stategies and information values Storing the new values and sending them back to IMSArchives Access Store Store & access data
- 51. Application: Organizational Preservation Startingpoint: existing and popular CMS (TYPO3) Sophisticated workflows for content creation and publication But: Separation of publication and preservation/archival Access to archived content is difficult and costly obsolete and even outdated information stays online ForgetIT approach: Preservation as integral part (binary model gradual managed forgetting) Bolder attitude towards removing content possible Automated support of cleaning up processes Support of many stages of archiving, e.g. offline but still in index, aggregates online/ content in archive, only aggregates kept, etc. Dissemination/Exploitation: Involvement of TYPO3 community, TYPO3 with preservation extension as open source project to TYPO3 community 51
- 52. Application: Personal Preservation Startingpoint: tremendous growth of information in personal sphere Diversity and fast evolution of devices, platforms and formats Keeping info sustainably available: Only ad hoc solutions for mid-term, long- term solutions ForgetIT approach: Preservation solution for personal information space Based on concept of Semantic Desktop Consideration of social web content, multimedia content, other types of personal content, knowledge structures Additional short/mid-term benefit: de-cluttering information space by managed forgetting Consideration of multi-level infrastructures (e.g. mobile, PC, cloud) Dissemination/Exploitation: Personal Preservation as a service (e.g. to customers of a telco company) 52
- 53. Variables & Dimensions PersonalOrganization Scenarios • Personal events (years at school, holidays, social events, graduations, marriage, etc) • Public events • Work-related events (project starts/closing, business trips, new products, etc.) Data Type • Local: photos, mobile contacts, sms • Online: user-generated content • Feature: 1. documents 2. user behaviors 3. social context • Local: textual documents • Online: web pages • Feature: 1. documents 2. user roles 3. policies Interaction (user vs. system) • search/retrieve, re-find • organize • explore • preserve Action summarization, aggregation, delete 53
- 54. Information Value Assessment MemoryBuoyancy Preservation Value Short-term relevance/interests E.g., current meeting documents Long-term interests E.g. important life events Subjective metrics + usage logs (views, edits, modifies) + social context, influences Objective metrics + diversity, coverage, quality 54
- 55.
Editor's Notes
- #5 Motivation & Vision Approach Overview About an IP Project Organization Structure Schedule (including Project Reviews) Meeting Sessions
- #6 Motivation & Vision Approach Overview About an IP Project Organization Structure Schedule (including Project Reviews) Meeting Sessions
- #7 Motivation & Vision Approach Overview About an IP Project Organization Structure Schedule (including Project Reviews) Meeting Sessions
- #8 Motivation & Vision Approach Overview About an IP Project Organization Structure Schedule (including Project Reviews) Meeting Sessions
- #9 Use digital systems to complement personal memories but prone to confusion with increasingly large data volumes, poor organisation of data, and loss from technical failures.
- #29 (5) How do you propose to manage the potential risks and unintended consequences associated with the automated managed forgetting processes to be developed? - managed forgetting will replace inadvertent forgetting in areas without preservation solutions managed forgetting ≠ automatic deletion(range of forgetting options) Kann schiefgehen
- #30 (5) How do you propose to manage the potential risks and unintended consequences associated with the automated managed forgetting processes to be developed? - managed forgetting will replace inadvertent forgetting in areas without preservation solutions managed forgetting ≠ automatic deletion(range of forgetting options) Kann schiefgehen
- #31 (5) How do you propose to manage the potential risks and unintended consequences associated with the automated managed forgetting processes to be developed? - managed forgetting will replace inadvertent forgetting in areas without preservation solutions managed forgetting ≠ automatic deletion(range of forgetting options) Kann schiefgehen
- #32 (5) How do you propose to manage the potential risks and unintended consequences associated with the automated managed forgetting processes to be developed? - managed forgetting will replace inadvertent forgetting in areas without preservation solutions managed forgetting ≠ automatic deletion(range of forgetting options) Kann schiefgehen
- #33 (5) How do you propose to manage the potential risks and unintended consequences associated with the automated managed forgetting processes to be developed? - managed forgetting will replace inadvertent forgetting in areas without preservation solutions managed forgetting ≠ automatic deletion(range of forgetting options) Kann schiefgehen
- #34 (5) How do you propose to manage the potential risks and unintended consequences associated with the automated managed forgetting processes to be developed? - managed forgetting will replace inadvertent forgetting in areas without preservation solutions managed forgetting ≠ automatic deletion(range of forgetting options) Kann schiefgehen
- #35 (5) How do you propose to manage the potential risks and unintended consequences associated with the automated managed forgetting processes to be developed? - managed forgetting will replace inadvertent forgetting in areas without preservation solutions managed forgetting ≠ automatic deletion(range of forgetting options) Kann schiefgehen
- #46 It is planned to use OAIS as a starting point, and - taking into account other preservation process models as well (e.g., [23]) - and to develop a conceptual extension that covers the whole resource lifecycle. This reference model will treat issues such as when to create SIPs from resources of the active system for ingest by preservation storage, which con- text information from information management to preserve, or how to distribute responsibility for preservation tasks to information management roles.
- #47 It is planned to use OAIS as a starting point, and - taking into account other preservation process models as well (e.g., [23]) - and to develop a conceptual extension that covers the whole resource lifecycle. This reference model will treat issues such as when to create SIPs from resources of the active system for ingest by preservation storage, which con- text information from information management to preserve, or how to distribute responsibility for preservation tasks to information management roles.
- #48 It is planned to use OAIS as a starting point, and - taking into account other preservation process models as well (e.g., [23]) - and to develop a conceptual extension that covers the whole resource lifecycle. This reference model will treat issues such as when to create SIPs from resources of the active system for ingest by preservation storage, which con- text information from information management to preserve, or how to distribute responsibility for preservation tasks to information management roles.
- #49 It is planned to use OAIS as a starting point, and - taking into account other preservation process models as well (e.g., [23]) - and to develop a conceptual extension that covers the whole resource lifecycle. This reference model will treat issues such as when to create SIPs from resources of the active system for ingest by preservation storage, which con- text information from information management to preserve, or how to distribute responsibility for preservation tasks to information management roles.
- #50 It is planned to use OAIS as a starting point, and - taking into account other preservation process models as well (e.g., [23]) - and to develop a conceptual extension that covers the whole resource lifecycle. This reference model will treat issues such as when to create SIPs from resources of the active system for ingest by preservation storage, which con- text information from information management to preserve, or how to distribute responsibility for preservation tasks to information management roles.
- #51 It is planned to use OAIS as a starting point, and - taking into account other preservation process models as well (e.g., [23]) - and to develop a conceptual extension that covers the whole resource lifecycle. This reference model will treat issues such as when to create SIPs from resources of the active system for ingest by preservation storage, which con- text information from information management to preserve, or how to distribute responsibility for preservation tasks to information management roles.