Towards Web Accessibility Guidelines of Interaction and Interface Design for People with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Towards
Web
Accessibility

Guidelines
of
Interaction
and

Interface
Design
for
People
with

Autism
Spectrum
Disorder
TALITA CRISTINA
PAGANI BRITTO
PHD.
EDNALDO BRIGANTE PIZZOLATO
Department
of
Computer
Science
Master
Program
in
Computer
Science
Federal
University
of
São
Carlos
– UFSCar
São
Carlos,
Brazil
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Agenda
§ Introduction:
context,
challenges
and
biases
§ Background:
state
of
the
art
and
our
purpose
§ Methods
§ Results
§ Final
thoughts:
conclusions
and
further
work
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Context
Autism
Spectrum
Disorder
(ASD)
is
a
syndrome
which
affects
three

developmental
abilities:
social,
communication
and
interest
skills.
Difficulties
may
include
social
interaction,
verbal
and
non-‐verbal

communication
and
imagination,
as
well
as
a
restricted
repertoire
of

interests
and
activities.
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Introduction Background
COMMUNICATION SOCIAL INTEREST
Methods Results Final
Thoughts

Context
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Introduction Background Methods Results Final
Thoughts
In
the
past
20
years,
computer

technology
has
been
used
as
a
support

tool
for
parents,
therapists,
educators

and
people
with
ASD.
They
have
been
proved
helpful
to:
a) develop
abilities
of
people
with
ASD;

b) facilitate
their
lives;

c) be
a
helpful
tool
for
pedagogical,

therapeutic
and
everyday
life

activities,
independent
of
age.

Challenges
and
biases
• Software
developers
and
designers
have
a
lack
of
knowledge

regarding
(Web)
accessibility
not
only
for
people
with
ASD,
but

people
with
cognitive,
learning
or
neuronal
disabilities;
• HCI
Guidelines
about
accessibility
for
people
with
ASD
do
exist
• Fewer
than
expected
• Restricted
to

scientific
papers
• Often
difficult
to
understand
practical
implementation
• Software
development
for
people
with
ASD
need
to
involve

therapists,
pedagogues
and
other
non-‐IT
professionals.
These

professionals
also
need
to
understand
how
to
develop
suitable

technology
solutions
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Thoughts

State
of
the
Art
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Thoughts
Friedman
&

Bryen (2004)
Putnam
&

Chong
(2008)
WAI
(2012)
Darejeh &

Singh
(2013)
COGA

(2015)

Our
Purpose
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Thoughts
Filter
relevant
contributions

from
literature
and
solutions

available
in
the
market
Formalize
these
contributions
into
guidelines

easy
to
read,
navigate
and
understand
x ✓
Provide
an
open-‐source
and
open-‐access

material
to
help
Web
developers
to
design

accessible
Web
interfaces
for
people
with
ASD

Methods
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Phase 1
– Studies selection
Exploratory bibliographic
survey:
4
International standards
3
Software
for
people with
ASD
10
papers published
between 2005
and 2015
Phase 2
– Extraction
Triage to extract
recommendations:
107
potential
recommendations
10
categories generated
through affinity diagram
1 2 3
Phase 3
– Consolidation
Grouping and refinements:
28
unique guidelines
Detailed description of each
guideline,
including how to
implement them and their
respective importance for

people with ASD
Thoughts

Results
§ 17
works
analyzed
from
nine
countries:
§ United
States,
Brazil,
Italy,
England,
Israel,
India,
Malaysia,
Chile
and
Hong

Kong;
§ Although
contributions
from
United
States
correspond
to
47%
of
works,
it

was
still
possible
to
bring
cultural
diversity
from
different
countries.
§ Platforms:
Web-‐based,
Virtual
Reality,
Multitouch Table
and
native

(desktop
or
mobile)
§ possibility
of
generalizing
recommendations
and
interaction
patterns
that

can
be
platform-‐independent.
§ 28
unique
guidelines
distributed
in
10
categories
carefully
labeled
to

represent
common
elements
in
Web
interfaces.
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Thoughts

Results
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G4
– System
status
G10
-‐ Feedback
G5
-‐ Multimedia
G6
– Redundant

representation
G8
-‐ Navigability
G1
-‐ Customization
G2
– Visual
and

textual
vocabulary
G9
– Interaction

with
touch
screen
G7
-‐ AffordanceG3
-‐ Engagement
Thoughts

Results
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Figure 1. Number of unique guidelines generated for each category after
systematization and summarization.
Thoughts

Results
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G2
– Customization
2.1 Allow
color,
text
size
and
font
customization
for
interface
elements
[12][16][21]–
[23]
2.2
Provide
options
to
customize
information
visualization
with
images,
sound
and
text
according
to

individual
user’s
preferences
[6][7][16][21
][31]
2.3
Provide
options
to
customize
the
amount
of
element
in
the
interface,
their
arrangement
and

enable
features
personalization
[6][9][16][17
]
2.4 Enable
a
reading
or
printing
mode
for
activities
involving
reading
and
concentration [21][22]
G4
–Redundant
Representation
4.1
The
Website
or
Web
application
must
not
rely
only
in
text
to
present
content.
Provide
alternative

representations
through
image,
audio
or
video
and
ensure
that
they
will
be
close
to
the
corresponding

text
[5][6][21][23][
31]
4.2
Symbols,
pictograms
and
icons
should
present
a
textual
equivalent
near
to
facilitate
symbol

understanding
and
contribute
to
enrich
user’s
vocabulary
[9][21][31]
4.3
Provide
audio
instructions
and
subtitles
for
texts,
but
ensure
that
this
is
not
the
only
alternate
content

representation
[21][28]
Thoughts

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Title
3.1.
The
website
or
web
application
must
not
rely
only
in
text
to
present
content.
Provide

alternative
representations
through
image,
audio
or
video
and
ensure
that
they
will
be
close
to

the
corresponding
text
Description
Websites
and
web
applications
must
not
rely
only
in
text
to
provide
instructions,
commands
or

content,
due
to
possible
difficult
people
with
ASD
face
with
verbal
communication
abilities.

Thus,
it’s
recommended
provide
content
in
multiple
formats.
ASD’s
related

characteristics
Memory
Attention
Reading
Verbal
or
linguistic
understanding
Visual
understanding
Sensorial
integration
Why?
Present
content
using
multimedia
(text,
image
and
sound)
reinforce
the
information
idea,

provide
help
in
reading
skills
and
may
facilitate
attention
and
memorizing
for
people
with
ASD.
For
children’s
websites,
redundant
and
alternative
representations
support
literacy,
may

expand
vocabulary
and
contribute
with
communication
and
collaboration
skills.
How?
-‐ Images
such
as
illustration,
diagrams
and
icons
should
be
used
to
convey
content
and
they

should
present
a
correspondent
text
as
a
(con)textual
cue
to
help
users
understand
content;
-‐ Ensure
that
multiple
representation
of
the
same
information
are
near
each
other
to
reinforce

comparison
and
association
between
the
representations;
-‐ Use
figures,
icons
and
symbols
near
the
corresponding
text;
-‐ If
the
main
content
is
visual
or
sound,
provide
a
text
alternative.
Sources [3,
6,
7,
15,
28]

Relevant
findings
Biggest
challenges
for
people
with
ASD
when
using
the
Web
are:

a) to

focus
or
comprehend
lengthy
sections
of
text;
and

b) to
understand
visual/textual
information
due
to
inaccurate
visual
and

textual
communication.

Therefore,
visual
and
textual
vocabulary,
alongside
with
redundant

representation,
may
be
considered
the
most
important

recommendations.
As
people
with
ASD,
especially
children,
may
be
uncomfortable
with

certain
distractive
elements
and
also
present
some
difficulties
regarding

focus
and
attention,
Engagement guidelines
are
important
to
work

memory,
attention
and
reading
skills
on
the
Web
interface.

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Thoughts

Results
GAIA
Guidelines
for
Accessible

Interfaces
for
people
with

Autism
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Thoughts

Conclusions
By
proposing
recommendations
and
guiding
principles
for

the
development
of
interfaces
accessible
to
people
with

autism,
it
is
possible
to
mitigate
the
lack
of
knowledge
of

developers
and
enable
the
development
of
more
inclusive

technologies.
◦ Contribution
to
raise
awareness
of
these
professionals
about
the

characteristics
of
the
person
with
ASD
and
how
technology
can
be

valuable
to
them;
◦ Support
the
educational
goals
defined
for
the
application

◦ Support
for
decision-‐making
to
suggest
information
and
resources

more
consistent
with
the
context
of
children
with
autism
and,

potentially,
a
variety
of
users.

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Thoughts

Conclusions
The
proposed
guidelines
should
provide
advances
in
the
state
of
the
art

of
cognitive
Web
accessibility
as:

• Support
material
to
develop
Websites
and
Web
applications
adapted

to
the
needs
of
people
with
ASD,
especially
children;

• A
guidance
documentation
about
best
practices
and
potential

challenges
about
interaction
of
people
with
ASD
with
interactive

systems;

• An
open
source
repository
of
recommendations
in
constant
update;
• A
complement
to
literature
regarding
the
biases
of
Web
accessibility

for
people
with
cognitive
or
neuronal
disabilities,
adding
techniques

related
to
ASD.
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Thoughts

Further
work
§ Interview
parents
and
teacher
of
children
with
ASD
to

understand
their
perspective
about
using
technology
as

an
educational
and
therapeutic
resource
in
order
to

contemplate
their
viewpoint
into
the
guidelines;
§ Perform
technical
evaluation
of
the
guidelines
with
Web

developers,
accessibility
experts
and
digital
educational

teachers
involved
with
special
education;
§ Develop
the
final
version
of
all
the
guidelines
with
their

detailed
description
and
examples.
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Thoughts

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2016.03.19

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Thank
you!
Grazie!
TALITA.CPB@GMAIL.COM
EDNALDO@DC.UFSCAR.BR
HTTP://GITHUB.COM/TALITAPAGANI/GAIA
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Towards Web Accessibility Guidelines of Interaction and Interface Design for People with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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