Tra

A
BRIEF

HISTORY

OF
THE
USA

A
BRIEF
HISTORY
OF
THE
U.S.

0  The
colonial
era
(1607-‐1776)

0  A
new
nation
(1776)

0  The
Civil
War
(1861-‐1865)

0  19th
Century

0  WWI
(1914-‐1918)

0  WWII
(1939-‐1945)

0  The
Vietnam
War

0  The
Cold
War
(1945
–
1991)

0  The
Gulf
War
(8/1990
–
2/1991)

0  The
War
against
terrorism
(since
2001)

0  War
in
Iraq
(3/2003
–
12/2011)

THE
COLONIAL
ERA

0  First
English
colony:

Jamestown,
Virginia

(1607)

0  1620:
Plymouth,

Massachusetts
(by

Puritans)

0  1636:
Roger
William

formed
Rhode
Island

THE
COLONIAL
ERA

0 1733
-‐
13
colonies
found:
Massachusetts,
Rhode

Island,
Connecticut,
New
Hampshire,
New
York,

Delaware,
New
Jersey,
Pennsylvania,
Virginia,

Maryland,
North
Carolina,
South
Carolina,
Georgia

0 The
French:
Canada,
Louisiana,
&
the
Mississippi

watershed

0 1763:
Seven
Years’
War
with
France
ended.

England
vs.
the
Colonies

0 “No
taxation
without
representation”

0  Taxes

0  Lodging
of
soldiers

0 1773:
The
Boston
Tea
Party

0 April
19,
1775:
war
broke
out

0 July
4,
1776:
Declaration
of
Independence

THE
REVOLUTIONARY
WAR

(1775
–
1783)

0 1777:
Saratoga,
New
York

0 France
=
alliance

0 1781:
Yorktown,
Virginia

0 1783:
Treaty
of
Paris:
England
recognized

American
Independence.

A
NEW
NATION

0  Two
principles

0 
religious
freedom

0 
separation
between
the
church

and
the
state

0  Government
=
3
branches
(><
fear

of
excessive
central
power)

0  Legislative
(Congress)

0  Executive
(the
president
&
the

federal
agencies)

0  Judicial
(Federal
court)

G.W.
&
T.
J.

0 George
Washington

0  1st
President

0  Strong
president
&

Central
Government

0 Thomas
Jefferson

0  3rd
President

0  More
power
to
the

states

0  Purchased
Louisiana

from
France
à
the

Rocky
Mountains

SLAVERY
&
THE
CIVIL
WAR

“Overseer
Artayou
Carrier

whipped
me.
I
was
two

months
in
bed
sore
from

the
whipping.
My
master

come
after
I
was
whipped;

he
discharged
the

overseer.”

SLAVERY
&
THE
CIVIL
WAR

“The
being
of
slavery,
its

soul
and
its
body,
lives
and

moves
in
the
chattel

principle,
the
property

principle,
the
bill
of
sale

principle:
the
cart-‐whip,

starvation,
and
nakedness

are
its
inevitable

consequences.”

-‐
James
W.C.
Pennington

SLAVERY
&
THE
CIVIL
WAR

0 “All
men
are
created
equal”
><
1.5
million
slaves

0 1820:
Should
slavery
be
allowed
in
western/
new

territories?

0 1860:
Abraham
Lincoln
elected
president

0  11
states
left
the
Unions
à
the
Confederate
States
of

America

ABRAHAM
LINCOLN

0 1809
–
1865;
16th
president

0 A
foe
of
slavery

0 1863:
passed
the

Emancipation
Proclamation
à

free
all
slaves
in
the

Confederacy

0 1865:
assassinated

THE
CONFEDERATE
STATES

THE
CIVIL
WAR

Which
one
was

-‐
the
beloved
general

of
the
South?

-‐
the
symbol
of
Union

victory?

Robert E. Lee
[1807-1870]
Ulysses S. Grant
[1822, 1885]
Key
Figures

THE
CIVIL
WAR

0 1861:
The
War
broke
out

0 1863:
Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania

0 1865:
the
war
ended

0  Put
an
end
to
slavery

0  The
country
=
an
indivisble
whole
instead
of
a
collection

of
semi-‐independent
states

GONE
WITH
THE
WIND

There
was
a
land
of
Cavaliers
and
Cotton
Fields
called
the
Old
South.

Here
in
this
pretty
world,
Gallantry
took
its
last
bow.
Here
was
the

last
ever
to
be
seen
of
Knights
and
their
Ladies
Fair,
of
Master
and
of

Slave.
Look
for
it
only
in
books,
for
it
is
no
more
than
a
dream

remembered,
a
Civilization
gone
with
the
wind...

19th
Century

0 Andrew
Johnson
(1808-‐1875)

0 17th
President
(1865
–

1869)

0 The
lirst
president
to
be

impeached

19th
Century

0 The
U.S.
became
a
leading
industrial
power

0  1869:
lirst
Continental
Railroad
completed

0  Electrical
Industry
llourished

0  John
D.
Rockefeller:
Standard
Oil
Company
=
richest

man
in
America

0  Andrew
Carnegie:
steel
mills

0  Louis
Sullivan:
skyscraper

19th
Century

John
D.

Rockefeller

[1839-‐1937],

American

industrialist.
At
its

peak,
Rockefeller's

personal
fortune

was
estimated
at

almost
$1
billion.

The
total
amount

of
his

philanthropic

contributions
was

about
$550

million.
F
E
Andrew
Carnegie

[1835-‐1919],

American

industrialist
and

philanthropist,
who,

at
the
age
of
33,

when
he
had
an

annual
income
of

$50,000,
said,

“Beyond
this
never

earn,
make
no
effort

to
increase
fortune,

but
spend
the

surplus
each
year
for

benevolent

purposes.”

MONOPOLY
&
TRUSTS

0 1887:
The
Interstate
Commerce
Commission:
control

railroad
rates

0 1890:
The
Sherman
Antitrust
Act:
ban
trusts

19th
CENTURY
LABOR

0 1886:
The
American
Federation
of
Labor:
coalition
of

skilled
laborers

0 Heavy
immigration
à
many
workers
were
foreign-‐
born

0 Hard
time
for
farmers

19th
CENTURY
EXPANSION

0 1867:
purchase
of
Alaska

0 1890s:
a
new
spirit
of
expansion
à
a
duty
to
“civilize”

the
peoples
of
Asia,
Africa,
and
Latin
America

0 1898:
the
Spanish
War
à
The
States
gained
Cuba,
the

Philippines,
Puerto
Rico,
and
Guam

0 Acquired
Hawaiian
Islands

19th
CENTURY
EXPANSION

0 1902:
American
troops
left
Cuba;
naval
bases
granted

to
the
U.S.

0 1907:
The
Philippines
obtained
limited
self-‐
government
à
1946:
complete
independence

0 Puerto
Rico
=
a
self-‐governing
commonwealth

0 1959:
Hawaii
became
a
state

THE
PROGRESSIVE
MOVEMENT

0  About
1900

0  To
reform
society
through
government
action

0  Settlement
houses
established
to
provide
the
poor
with
health

services
and
recreation

0  End
to
sale
of
liquor
demanded

0  Corruption
fought;
public
transportation
regulated;

municipally
owned
utilities
built

0  Laws
passed
to
restrict
child
labor,
limit
work
days,
and

provide
compensation
for
injured
workers

WWI
&
Pre-‐Great
Depression

0 WWI
erupted
in
Europe
in
1914:
Woodrow
Wilson

urged
a
policy
of
strict
neutrality

0 1917:
Congress
declared
war
on
Germany

0 Nov.
11,
1918:
armistice
declared

0 1919:
Wilson
came
to
Paris
to
draft
the
peace
treaty

Woodrow
Wilson

0 28th
president
of
the
U.S.

(1913-‐1921)

0 Enacted
reform
legislation

0 Led
the
U.S.
during
WWI

0 Promoted
the
formation
of

the
League
of
Nations

(United
Nations)

0 1919
Nobel
Prize
for
Peace

1920s
–
30s

0  The
U.S.
withdrew
from
European
affairs

0  Hostile
to
foreigners

0  1919:
First
“Red
Scare”

0  1921:
immigrations
limit
enacted

0  1924,
1929:
immigrations
further
tightened

–
favor
given
to
immigrants
from
Anglo-‐
Saxons
and
Nomadic
countries

0  1920s
=
The
age
of
Prohibition

0  The
Roaring
Twenties:
jazz,
silent
movies,
fads

1920s
–
30s

0  Ku
Klux
Klan:
terrorized

blacks,
Catholics,
Jews

and
immigrants

Klan members at a rally during the 1920's

1920s-‐30s

Golden
Year
for
Business

THE
GREAT
DEPRESSION

0  1929:
the
stock
market
crashed
à
worldwide
depression

0  1932:
Industrial
production
cut
in
half;
wages
cut
by
60%;
25%

workers
unemployed

“The
only
thing
we
have
to
fear
is
fear
itself”

0 Franklin
D.
Roosevelt
(1882
–

1945)

0 32nd
President
(1933-‐1945)

0 4
terms
in
oflice

0 New
Deal

NEW
DEAL
PROGRAMS

1.  CCC
–
Civilian
Conservation
Corps:
building

public
works,
structures
and
trails
in
parks

2.  CWA
-‐
Civil
Works
Administration:
create
jobs

in
construction

3.  FHA
–
Federal
Housing
Agency:
mortgages

and
housing
conditions

4.  FSA:
Federal
Security
Agency:
social
security,

education
funding,
food
&
drug
safety

5.  HOLC
–
Home
Owner’s
Loan
Cooperation:

relinancing
of
homes

6.  NRA
–
National
Recovery
Act:
bring
the

working
class
&
business
together

NEW
DEAL
PROGRAMS

7.  PWA
–
Public
Works
Administration:
create
public
works

8.  SSA
–
Social
Security
Act:
combat
poverty
among
seniors

9.  TVA
–
Tennessee
Valley
Authority:
develop
economy
in
Tennessee

10.  WPA
–
Work
Progress
Administration:
provided
jobs
across
the

nation

WWII

0  1939:
the
War
broke
out

0  1941:
the
Japanese
bombed
Pearl
Harbor

0  D-‐Day
(June
6,
1944):
Allied
forces
landed
in
Normandy

0  May
5,
1945:
the
Germans
surrendered

0  8/1945:
the
war
against
Japan
ended
after
Hiroshima
&

Nagasaki
nuclear
bombings

Hiroshima
&
Nagasaki

0 200,000
civilians
were
killed

Mushroom
cloud
from
the

nuclear
explosion
over
Nagasaki

rising
18
km
(60,000
ft)
into
the

air.

The
“Good
War”

"Dear
Madam:

I
have
been
shown
in
the
liles
of
the
War

Department
a
statement
of
the
Adjutant-‐
General
of
Massachusetts
that
you
are
the

mother
of
live
sons
who
have
died

gloriously
on
the
lield
of
battle.
I
feel
how

weak
and
fruitless
must
be
any
words
of

mine
which
should
attempt
to
beguile
you

from
the
grief
of
a
loss
so
overwhelming.

But
I
cannot
refrain
from
tendering
to
you

the
consolation
that
may
be
found
in
the

thanks
of
the
Republic
they
died
to
save.
I

pray
that
our
heavenly
Father
may
assuage

the
anguish
of
your
bereavement,
and

leave
you
only
the
cherished
memory
of

the
loved
and
lost,
and
the
solemn
pride

that
must
be
yours
to
have
laid
so
costly
a

sacrilice
upon
the
altar
of
freedom.

Yours
very
sincerely
and
respectfully,

Abraham
Lincoln."

Harry
S.
Truman

0  33rd
President,

commander
in
chief
of
the

U.S.
forces
during
WWII

0  Decided
to
drop
the
two

atomic
bombs

0  Founded
NATO

0  Initiated
the
foreign
policy

of
containing
Communism

0  “The
buck
stops
here”
vs.

“Passing
the
buck”

THE
COLD
WAR
(1945-‐1991)

0 Historical
contexts:

0  The
United
Nations
was
established
&
the
U.S.
joined

0 
Soviet
forces
imposed
dictatorships
in
Eastern
Europe

0  Germany
was
divided

0  1949:
NATO
formed
(12
countries)

0  1950:
North
Korea
invaded
South
Korea
à
1953:
Korea

divided

THE
COLD
WAR

0  1945
–
1
970:
long
period
of

economic
growth
for
America

0  1960:
John.
F.
Kennedy
elected

0  Apr.
1961:
the
Soviets
sent
the

lirst
man
into
orbit
around
the

Earth

0  1962:
The
Soviet
Union

installed
nuclear
missile
in
Cuba

0  1963:
Kennedy
assassinated

0  July
1969:
Neil
Armstrong

stepped
onto
the
moon

THE
VIETNAM
WAR

0 Presidents:
Kennedy,
Johnson,
Nixon

0  Escalation

0  Quagmire

0  Vietnamization

0 “An
effort
to
check
on
Communism
in
all
fronts”

Anti-‐Vietnam
War
Movement

DECADES
OF
CHANGES

0  26
years
of
Democratic
control
after
WWII

0  1980:
Republican
Ronald
Reagan:
big
federal
government,

high
federal
taxes

0  Long
period
of
economic
growth

0  The
revelation:
the
U.S.
secretly
sold
arms
to
Iran

0  1988:
George
Bush

0 1990-‐1991:
The
Gulf
War

0  1992:
Bill
Clinton:
normalization
of
diplomatic
relations

with
Vietnam

DECADES
OF
CHANGES

0 Debates

0  Federal
government
vs.
decentralization
of
power

0  Church
included
or
separated
from
state

0  Ways
of
dealing
with
crimes

0 Troubling
trends

0  Downsizing
of
corporations

0  Decline
in
quality
of
life,
in
the
strength
of
the
family,

and
in
neighborliness
and
civility

Beginning
of
the
21st
Century

0 Beginning
of
2001:
economic

recession

0 September
11,
2001:
terrorist

attacks
on

0  The
World
Trade
Center

0  The
Pentagon

0  Who
is
this
man?

0  What
is
al-‐Qaeda?

0  What
is
“jihad”?

0  What’s
Taliban?

0  What
happened
on
May
2,

2011?

THE
WAR
ON
TERRORISM

0 A
coalition
of
nations
formed
to
light
terrorism:
NATO

&
key
neighbors
of
Afghanistan:
Pakistan
&
India

0 October
2001:
America
went
to
war
with
Afghanistan

THE
WAR
IN
IRAQ

0  1990-‐1991:
Gulf
War
(response
to
Iraq’s
invasion
of
Kuwait);

Saddam
Hussein
still
in
power

0  1998:
Iraq
announced
that
it
would
no
longer
cooperate
with
the

U.N.
on
disarmament

0  2002:
Bush
administration
put
a
new
focus
on
Iraq
as
part
of
its

war
against
terrorism

0  2003:
America
&
Britain
claimed
that
Iraq
was
not
cooperating

with
UN
weapons
inspectors

0  March
2003:
US-‐led
forces
invaded
Iraq

0  Dec.
18,
2011,
the
last
U.S.
troops
left
Iraq

What
points
is
the
cartoon
making?

Bush
Administration

(2001-‐2009)

0 Tax
cuts

0 Education
reform:
established
performance
standards

for
public
schools

0 Extended
role
for
church-‐based
charities
in
running

social
programs

0 The
Afghan
War
&
the
War
in
Iraq

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