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Trade union AND ITS GROWTH AND EVOLUTION IN INDIA
The document provides a comprehensive overview of trade unions in India, detailing their meaning, objectives, functions, importance, and historical evolution from 1875 to the present. It explains the socio-economic context that led to the formation of trade unions, their challenges, and criticisms they face. Additionally, it highlights trends in union membership and suggests ways to strengthen unions for better representation of workers' interests.
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Trade union AND ITS GROWTH AND EVOLUTION IN INDIA
- 2. Meaning Nature objectives Function Importance Criticism Phrase Obstacles Challenges (1875- 1918) •Social WelfarePeriod (1918- 1924) •Early Trade Union Period (1924- 1934) •Left-Wing Unionism Period ((1939- 1947) •Second World War Period (1947- 1991)) •Independence to liberalisation (1991- prsent) •Liberalization to present
- 3. TRADE UNION ANDITS GROWTH AND EVOLUTION IN INDIA
- 4. WHAT IS TRADEUNION ? • Trade union means any combination, • whether temporary or permanent, • formed primarily for the purpose of (a) regulating the relations (1) between workmen and employers,or (2) between workmen and workmen, or (3) between employers and employers or • (b) for imposing restrictive conditions on the conduct of any trade or business, and includes any federation of two or more trade unions.
- 5. NATURE OF TRADEUNION • Trade unions are the voluntary organisations of workers • Formed to protect their interests through collective action • They are primary institutions of industrial democracy and • Raise the voice of workers against the exploitation of the capitalists.
- 6. OBJECTIVES OF TRADEUNION ECONOMICAL OBJECTIVES NON - ECONOMICAL OBJECTIVES
- 7. ECONOMICAL OBJECTIVE • Tosecure for workers fair wages • To secure better and more fringe benefits • To safeguard security of job of employees • To secure better working conditions • To improve productivity • To secure opportunities for growth and development of employees • To seek opportunities for promotion, training and so on
- 8. NON ECONOMIC OBJECTIVE •To instil in its members a sense of social responsibility • To influence the socio-economic policies of the community through civic participation in their formulation at various levels • To contribute towards community development • To strengthen political power of the workers • To render social service • To promote national integration and so on
- 9. FUNCTION OF TRADEUNIONS REPRESENTATION
- 10. *TRADE UNION LEADER*EMPLOYER
- 11. FUNCTION OF TRADEUNION 1. MILITANT FUNCTION • To achieve higher wages and better working condition. • To raise the status of worker as a part of industry. • To protect laborers against victimization and injustice. 2. FRATERNAL FUNCTION • To take up welfare measures for improving the morale of workers. • To generate self confidence among worker • To encourage sincerity and discipline among worker • To provide opportunity for promotion and growth • To protect women workers against discrimination
- 12. IMPORTANCE OF TRADEUNION • helping in the recruitment and selection of workers. • inculcating discipline among the workforce • By enabling settlement of industrial disputes in a rational manner • By helping social adjustment.
- 13. CRITICISM OF TRADEUNION • Lack of education makes the worker narrow-minded, and prevent them from taking long term views. • Trade unions may not welcome rationalization and improved methods of production in the fear of losing the job. • When labor union strike because of illogical grounds, incalculable losses occur to producers, community and the nation. • They create artificial scarcity of labor by demanding that only union personnel should be employed.
- 14. ORIGIN AND GROWTHOF TRADE UNION
- 15. EMERGANCE OF INDUSTRIALISATION •The industrial revalution come very late in india. • It near about 1850 when different industry established in India. • 1851: first textile mill, Mumbai. • 1853: railways. • 1854: jute mill, Kolkata.
- 16. ORIGIN • after industrialrevolution treatment with labor is so harsh • Hopelessly low wages • Long hours of works • Job insecurity • Women and children are badly treated in factory • 1875: First labor movement by SORABJEE SHAHPURJEE BENGALI
- 17.
- 18. BEGINNING OF TRADEUNION 1875-1918 • 1875 : First movement by SORABJEE SHAHPURJEE BENGALI • 1881 : First factory act • first association of Indian workers 1890 : Bombay Mill Hands Association.
- 19. PHRASE OF TRADEUNIONS
- 20. Social Welfare Period(1875-1918) • The development of industries led to large-scale production • on the one hand and social evils like employment and exploitation of women and child labor and the deplorable workable conditions, • the government’s attitude of complete indifference in respect of protection of labor from such evils, on the other.
- 21. Early Trade UnionPeriod(1918-1924) • The year 1918 was an important one for the Indian trade union movement. • First clearly registered trade-union is considered to be the Madras Labor Union founded by B.P. Wadia in 1918 • All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) on 30th October, 1920 as a central organisation of trade unions. • The industrial unrest that grew up as a result of grave economic difficulties created by war. • The rising cost of living prompted the workers to demand reasonable wages for which purpose they united to take resort to collective action.
- 22. Left-Wing Unionism Period(1924-1934) • In 1924, a violent and long-drawn-out strike by unions led to the arrest, prosecution, conviction and imprisonment of many communist leaders. • By 1929, AITUC was the only central trade union. • In 1930, there was a split in the AITUC on account of ideological differences which prompted the creation of a new organisation in the name of All India Trade Union Federation (A.I.T.U.F.) under the leadership of Shri N.M. Joshi. • The AITUF was renamed as National Trade Union Federation (NTUF) in 1933.
- 23. Second World WarPeriod (1939-1947) • The Second World War, which broke out in September 1939, • created new strains in the united trade union movement. • Hence, again a rift took place in 1941 and the Radicals left the AITUC with nearly 200 unions with a membership of 3, 00,000 and formed a new central federation known as the Indian Federation of Labour.
- 24. Independence (1947) toliberalisation (1991) • The subsequent decades saw significant expansion in trade union membership with the number of active unions reaching its peak in the mid-1970s and mid-1980s. • While the 1970s in India was a period characterised by political instability, the 1980s was characterised by the beginnings of a distinct turn towards more market-friendly policies support for industrialists and an implicit opposition to workers. • Two key events during this period were the 1974 railway strike in India and the Great Bombay textile strike of 1982
- 25. Liberalisation (1991) topresent • A gradual shift in focus about the importance of the informal sector and 'Informal employment in the formal sector' from the late 1990s onwards meant that trade unions also began to focus on these workers. • This has led to greater enrolment of these workers and subsequently led to increases in union membership. • The Central Trade Union Organisations (CTU's) increased their combined membership from 13.21 million in 1989 to 24.85 million in 2002. Almost all the CTUOs now have at least 20 percent of their official members coming from the informal sector.
- 27. MEMBERSHIP OF WORKERSTRADE UNIONS
- 28. REASON TO JOINTRADE UNION • Greater bargaining power • Make their voice heard • Minimize discrimination • Sense of security • Sense of participation • Sense of belongingness
- 29. OBSTACLES IN THEGROWTH OF STRONG TRADE UNION • Uneven Growth • Limited membership • Multiplicity of unions • Outside leadership • Financial problems • Indifferent attitude of workers
- 30. SUGGESTION OF DEVELOPMENTOF UNIONS • ONE UNION IN ONE INDUSTRY • PAID UNION OFFICIALS • DEVELOPMENT OF LEADERSHIP FROM WITHIN • RECOGNITION OF TRADE UNIONS