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From the Research Lab to Market & Private Funding
The document discusses the challenges faced by European ICT R&D projects in transitioning from research to market, noting that many innovative technologies fail to commercialize despite considerable EU funding. It emphasizes the need for improved investment readiness and management capabilities among researchers and highlights the role of technology transfer offices and innovation intermediaries in bridging the gap. The analysis also underscores the importance of supporting academic spin-offs to promote economic competitiveness and productivity in the EU.
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From the Research Lab to Market & Private Funding
- 1. ICT FINANCE MARKETPLACE - BRIDGING THE R&I FINANCING GAP Training delivered by EBAN on Behalf of the ACCESS ICT project AGENDA – April 7th, 2011; 10:00 1. Bridging the R&I financing gap 1.1 From Research Lab to market and private funding 1.2 The private funding ecosystem: seed, early stage and venture capital market 1.3 Preparation of research projects and companies 2 - The role of ICT Finance Marketplace/ ACCESS ICT in promoting the investment readiness of EU funded R&I projects
- 2. 1. Bridging theR&I financing gap Claire Munck
- 3. Diagnosis • Over 2000ICT R&D projects are supported by the European Commission through its 7th R&D ICT framework programme, with a budget of €9.1bn. • The ICT framework covers a range of different ICT areas from digital content to programming; network and telecom services; smart devices and mobile apps; robotics; distribution and ICT services etc. • Yet of all these R&D projects supported by EU finance only a small number go on to • commercialise the results and successfully spin out a viable business and go on to attract finance and capitalize on the EC investment. • Many potentially very exciting new technologies, products and services never get to the market place and never get to the equity community. 1. Bridging the R&I financing gap
- 4. Diagnosis Are allof these ICT R&D projects too risky for early stage investment through angels or VCs? No! Key issues: -Lack of investment readiness: Understanding of investor requirements -Importance of the management team and intellectual property 1. Bridging the R&I financing gap
- 5. 7.41 % ofthe EU Budget will be devoted to research and innovation in 2013 GREEN PAPER: From Challenges to Opportunities: Towards a Common Strategic Framework for EU Research and Innovation funding 1. Bridging the R&I financing gap
- 6. 1.1 From ResearchLab to market and private funding Miguel Trujillo
- 7. So, we arein the Innovation Economy • Innovation economics claims that knowledge, technological change, entrepreneurship, and innovation are the pivotal points of economic development. • This theory was formulated by Joseph Schumpeter’s 1942 book Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, to challenge the classical view of Adam Smith, which claimed that capital accumulation drove economic growth. • Schumpeter's theory has been widely accepted within the last 15 years, because it explains the major changes occurred in the US economy since the 1980s. US economy grew not because there was more capital to invest in bigger car factories, but because Americans developed a wide array of new technologies, particularly ICT, and used them widely. Although capital was needed for these technologies, capital was not the driver; nor was capital a commodity in short supply. • In the hope to imitate US results, the central goal of the economic policy of many nations shifted towards greater innovation to create new products and services to expand wealth and quality of life. • EU Framework Programmes are but one example of such policy 1.1 From Research Lab to market and private funding
- 8. What do Europeantop innovators have in common? • Perform very well in Business R&D expenditures and other innovation indicators related to firm activities. • Have higher than average scores in the Public-private co- publications per million population indicator, what points in the direction of good linkages between the science base and businesses. • Excel in the commercialisation of their technological knowledge, as demonstrated by their good performance on the indicator License and patent revenues from abroad. • Furthermore, the overall good performance of the innovation leaders reflects a balanced national research and innovation system. Sources: Innovation Union Scoreboard 2010 1.1 From Research Lab to market and private funding
- 9. R&D versus CommercialisationPhase 1.1 From Research Lab to market and private funding
- 10. TO FACILITATE THECOMMERCIALISATION EXIST INTERMEDIATE STRUCTURES SUCH AS - Innovation intermediaries An Organization at the Center of the region’s, state’s or country’s efforts to align local technologies, assets and resources to work together on advancing Innovation. Examples: www.cotec.pt / www.cotec.es / www.cotec.it www.senternovem.nl www.innovasjonnorge.no - Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) Units located at companies, universities and governmental dedicated to identify research results (knowledge, technologies, methods) which have potential commercial interest and strategies for how to exploit it. Their main goal is to bridge the asymmetry gap between the researcher and the market. 1.1 From Research Lab to market and private funding
- 11. Technology Transfer Framework Inventor 2. Inventor’s incentives to develop projects?? Diclosure the Switch to invention Basic research 4. Spin-off TTO 1. Why TTO exist?? Development?? Offer the Spin-off project No offer the Project Firm 3. License or Spin-off?? Source: Vendrell (2008), Transfer of knowledge from the lab to the market: License No License The idiosyncrasy of academic entrepreneurs.
- 12. License vs. Spin-off •Historically, monetisation of knowledge transfer has been dominated by licenses, because the royalties obtained by the TTO almost always surpass spin-off income • Also, it is less costly to sell knowledge to a company in terms of time and effort than to create a new way to exploit it Sources: Vendrell (2008), Transfer of knowledge from the lab to the market: The idiosyncrasy of academic entrepreneurs. 1.1 From Research Lab to market and private funding
- 13. Phases in thedevelopment of a spin-off Research Oportunity Pre- Re- Sustainable framing organisation orientation returns Opportunity Entrepreneurial Threshold of Threshold of Recognition Commitment credibility sustainability 1.1 From Research Lab to market and private funding
- 14. Different views ofeach agent of the transfer process Actions Primary Secondary Organisation’s Motivations Motivations Culture Scientist / Keep on with the Acknowledgem Economic Scientific Technician / basic research or ent from the benefit and Inventor commercialise academic additional the current world funding for project research TTO License IP protection To facilitate the Bureaucratic technology or and diffussion of spin-off creation commercialisati the technology on and obtain additional funding Company / Commercialise Economic Control the IP Entrepreneurial Entrepreneur the new benefit of the new technology technologies
- 15. And 2 moreproblems in spin-off creation • Research groups have difficulties in becoming entrepreneurs – opportunity cost academic careers – lack of management skills – lack of market knowledge • Due to its recent importance, national legislations are being adapted little by little to promote knowledge transfer 1.1 From Research Lab to market and private funding
- 16. EXAMPLE: SPAIN • Publicbodies received 60% of EU FP6&7 funding • Tech transfer practice started at late 1990s. – University KTOs created mainly in 1998-2008. – The Spanish Association of University TTOs created in 1999. Current Transfer National Indicators Survey launched in 2004 • A transfer system focused on patents and licenses – Until 2008, survey only asked spin-offs # vs. 15 questions on patents and licenses • Not-friendly legislation – Until 2008 was legally incompatible being a public researcher and hold equity in a private enterprise. No clear regulation to develop this change ever since. 1.1 From Research Lab to market and private funding
- 17. Spanish Tech TransferIndicators Tech Transfer Indicators (Spain) 2007 2008 2009 No. Patents (national & int’l) 626 691 914 No. License Contracts 190 171 182 Income from Licenses (M€) 1,94 2,4 2,61 No. Spin-offs Created 120 100 118 Income from Spin-offs (000s €) Not recorded Not recorded 32 Source: RedOTRI Survey (started in 2001, modified in 2004) 1.1 From Research Lab to market and private funding
- 18. Evaluation of FP6in Spain • FP6 succeeded extending basic research, interdisciplinary knowledge and international collaborations (affirmed by 70% researchers surveyed) • FP6 low performance in commercial and industrial use of generated knowledge (claimed by 62% researchers surveyed) • Low transfer rate in technologies with commercial potential – 70% surveyed researchers believed their knowledge was transferable. – 51% considered their results of commercial application – 37% reported to effectively transferred it – 24% effectively commercialised their results. Spin-offs was the least way to transfer • Only 25% researchers claimed FP6 improved access to private financing Source: Ministry of Science and Innovation, Evaluation of the impact of the FP6 in the RTD public system in Spain, 2010
- 19. Why is itessential to support companies that have received FP funding? 1. The EU needs them to remain competitive in the global economy 2. Due to their economic potential, individual EU nations are doing their homework to promote and streamline spin-off creation 3. Latest scientific research proves that academic and university spin-offs are more productive in the medium term because the academic talent produces better technologies 1.1 From Research Lab to market and private funding
- 20. Reason 1. EUneeds to remain globally competitive
- 21. Reason 1. EUneeds to remain globally competitive
- 22. Reason 2: EUnations streamline spin-off creation to impulse economy • The case of the incentives system of Catholic University of Leuven TTO (LRD) – Based on the financial autonomy of the TTO – LRD divisions are entitled to participate intellectually and financially in spin-offs – Incentive schemes to researchers • Researchers receive intellectual property stock in “founder shares” in exchange for the input of their know-how and goodwill • They can also invest in the s.o. by obtaining a pro rata share in the common stock of the company – The university created 2 seed capital funds in partnership with 2 major banks to fund start-ups to exploit university know-how
- 23. Reason 2: EUnations streamline spin-off creation to impulse economy
- 24. Reason 3: academicspin-offs are more productive • Research (Ensley & Hmieleski, 2005; Zhang, 2009) suggests that new university spin-offs are less productive than other new technology-based firms because of lack of managerial skills and different degrees of technological development. • However, Ortín&Vendrell (2008-2010) compared the growth in productivity of both kinds of firms using a longitudinal Spanish dataset, and demonstrated that productivity grows faster in university spin-offs. Initial differences disappear after 2-3 years. At the 5th year, the productivity of university spin-offs is significantly greater in statistical terms. These results were consistent with the findings for other countries (US, Canada, UK, Italy) Sources: Research Policy (2005), Journal of Technology Transfer (2009), Vendrell (2008), Transfer of knowledge from the lab to the market: The idiosyncrasy of academic entrepreneurs.
- 25. Reason 3: academicspin-offs are more productive • If they survive, innovative academic research business are more productive in the medium term because of their characteristics: academic talent > better technologies • Empirical evidence also proves that academic entrepreneurs use venture capitalists as a means of gaining access to managerial skills, and not only finance Source: Ortín-Ángel, Pedro and Vendrell-Herrero, Ferran (2010) 'Why do university spin-offs attract more venture capitalists?', Venture Capital, 12: 4, 285 — 306
- 26. The implication forpolicy makers University spin-offs with founders that have a lack of managerial skills could be more interested in incorporating venture capital than other high-tech firms. Policies facilitating contact, information transmission and trust between venture capitalists and TTOs could enhance and stimulate the extension of venture capital and, as is also pursued, in those sectors with more added value. Source: Ortín & Vendrell,Venture Capital (2010)