tranboundary nation about climate governance

tranboundary nation about climate governance

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  1 Transboundary Climate Governance URP 5005:Governing Metropolises Department of Urban and Regional Planning Presented By Group: 09 Sadia Afrin (1146) Mahmudul Hasan
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  2 Background Climate Change asa Global Challenge: • Climate change affects multiple countries and regions, requiring international cooperation. • Its impacts (rising temperatures, extreme weather, sea-level rise) transcend national borders, affecting ecosystems, economies, and communities worldwide. Urban Areas as Key Stakeholders: • Urban centers play a critical role in both contributing to and addressing climate change. • Their integration into transboundary governance frameworks is crucial for mitigating and adapting to climate impacts. Focus on Transboundary Governance: • Transboundary governance involves managing shared resources (e.g., rivers, forests) across borders. • Effective governance frameworks are essential to address climate-related issues that span multiple countries and regions. Introduction
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  3 Background Goal: Reduce carbonemissions through a market-based system. Scope: Covers 27 EU countries + Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway. Key Features: Cap-and-trade system, market-driven emission reductions, local implementation in cities like Paris and Berlin. Case Studies European Union Emission Trading System: A Transboundary Policy Mechanism to Reduce Carbon Emissions
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  4 Background Goal: Promote sustainablewater resource management and climate adaptation. Scope: Spans China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Key Features: Mekong River Commission (MRC), shared water management, collaboration on hydropower, agriculture, and flood control. Case Studies Mekong River Basin: A Case of Transboundary Water Governance
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  5 Background Goal: Prevent deforestationand promote sustainable land-use practices. Scope: Spans 9 South American countries. Key Features: Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO), REDD+ initiatives for forest conservation, sustainable development. Case Studies Amazon Rainforest: Transboundary Environmental Governance
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  6 Background Evaluate how policies,agreements, regulations, and governance structures shape transboundary climate cooperation. • Understanding the role of frameworks like UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement in facilitating cooperation. Objectives of the Study Identify key governance challenges in transboundary climate cooperation. • Political conflicts, enforcement limitations, and economic constraints hindering effective collaboration.
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  7 Background Methodology  Secondary databased research approach  Journals, Books, Reports.  Thematic and Comparative Analysis.
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  8 Background Climate Governance • KeyGlobal Climate Agreements: UNFCCC (1992): Laid the foundation for global climate action, recognizing climate change as a worldwide problem. Kyoto Protocol (1997): Set mandatory targets for developed countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Paris Agreement (2015): Introduced flexible national targets (NDCs) to encourage global cooperation while allowing countries to set their own goals. • Urban Areas: Important Players in Climate Action Growing Influence: Cities and metropolitan areas play a crucial role in tackling climate change. Local Action: Cities drive local climate action, adaptation strategies, and contribute significantly to emissions.
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  9 Background Case Study 1– Mekong River Basin Governance Framework: Mekong River Commission (MRC): Regional organization facilitating water resource management and environmental protection across six countries (Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, China, Myanmar). Challenges: Political Conflicts: Disagreements over upstream developments (e.g., China’s hydropower dams) affect downstream nations. Enforcement Limitations: MRC lacks binding authority and key members (e.g., China) are not fully involved in decision-making. Urban Centers Impact: Cities like Ho Chi Minh City face severe issues like water scarcity, flooding, and salinization due to upstream dams. Urban areas bear the brunt of transboundary governance failures, needing local solutions integrated into broader frameworks.
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  10 Background Case Study 2– Amazon Rainforest Governance Framework: Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO): Facilitates regional cooperation among nine South American nations to protect the Amazon. Challenges: Sovereignty Conflicts: Diverging national interests, particularly over land-use and deforestation, undermine regional collaboration. Economic Pressures: Resource extraction (e.g., logging, agriculture) continues to drive deforestation despite international conservation initiatives. Urban Centers Impact: Manaus (Brazil): Urban center at the heart of deforestation and biodiversity loss, but also an area of potential for sustainable urban solutions. Findings: Urban centers like Manaus play a dual role—they are contributors to environmental
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  11 Background Case Study 3– EU Emission Trading System Market-Based Framework: EU ETS: A market mechanism for reducing carbon emissions across 27 EU member states, focusing on carbon pricing for industries. Findings: Successes: Significant emissions reductions in sectors like power generation and heavy industry across EU cities. Challenges: Price volatility in carbon markets and carbon leakage where industries relocate to regions with weaker emissions regulations. Urban Centers Impact: Berlin, Paris: These cities face challenges in balancing EU-wide carbon goals with local needs (e.g., air quality, energy prices). Urban governance is essential for local implementation, influencing emissions reductions through local policies aligned with the EU ETS.
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  12 Background Key Governance Challenges PoliticalConflicts: Mekong River: Disagreements between upstream countries (China) and downstream nations (Vietnam, Cambodia) over water management. Amazon: National sovereignty issues make it difficult for countries sharing the Amazon to agree on conservation efforts. EU ETS: Tensions between national governments and local urban centers on how to balance emission reduction goals with economic interests, especially in industrial cities. Enforcement Limitation: Non-binding agreements in the Mekong River Commission (MRC) and the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO) make it hard to enforce rules and ensure compliance. There is a need for stronger, legally binding frameworks for better enforcement. Economic Pressures: Economic development goals often clash with environmental protection, such as Brazil’s focus on agriculture and deforestation in the Amazon, undermining climate goals.
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  13 Background Urban Governance inTransboundary Climate Action Urban Areas as Crucial Actors Influence Through Local Policy Implementation: • Urban centers, like Paris and Berlin, play a key role in the EU ETS by adopting local climate policies, such as improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions. • Cities such as Ho Chi Minh City (Mekong River Basin) and Manaus (Amazon Rainforest) are actively implementing resilience strategies (e.g., flood management, water conservation) to address local climate impacts. • Local urban actions must align with national and regional climate policies to ensure effective climate adaptation and sustainability. Participation in International Climate Negotiations: Cities like New York, Paris, and Copenhagen have joined global networks (e.g., Global Covenant of Mayors) to influence international climate agreements.
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  14 Background Overall Findings  MRC,ACTO, EU ETS need stronger enforcement mechanisms to ensure effective cross-border cooperation.  Urban centers play a pivotal role in translating national and international policies into actionable, localized climate strategies.  Political conflicts, economic pressures, and enforcement limitations are major hurdles in transboundary governance.  Urban centers must be integrated into governance structures to ensure that local needs are addressed in global climate strategies.
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  15 Background Conclusion • Transboundary ClimateGovernance is crucial for managing shared resources across borders and addressing global climate challenges. • Urban Centers play a crucial role in putting climate strategies into action and building resilience at the local level. • Integrating urban governance into national and international frameworks is essential for effective climate action and sustainable development.
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  16 Background References Biermann, F.,Pattberg, P., van Asselt, H., & Zelli, F. (2009). The fragmentation of global governance architectures: A framework for analysis. Global Environmental Politics, 9(4), 14-40. https://doi.org/10.1162/glep.2009.9.4.14 Hensengerth, O. (2009). The politics of transboundary river governance: The case of the Mekong River. Global Environmental Politics, 9(4), 63-86. https://doi.org/10.1162/glep.2009.9.4.63 Seto, K. C., Dhakal, S., & Bigio, A. (2012). Human settlements, infrastructure, and spatial planning. In Climate change and cities: First assessment report of the urban climate change research network (pp. 55-112). Cambridge University Press. Streck, C. (2012). The European Union Emissions Trading System: Achievements and challenges. Climate Policy, 12(2), 167-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2011.586152 Pattberg, P., & Zelli, F. (2009). The role of transnational partnerships in global climate governance. Global Governance, 15(2), 131-147. https://doi.org/10.1162/ggov.2009.15.2.131 United Nations. (1992). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/conveng.pdf Nepstad, D., Carvalho, G., & Silva, R. (2014). The Brazilian Amazon: Climate and land use changes. In M. S. K. B. Rodrigues & J. M. V. E. Andrade (Eds.), Global environmental change (pp. 229-258). Springer.
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  17 Background References Thank You