Importance of antibody
•Clinically important
– ABO, Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Ss, Vel
• Important only at 37o C
– Lea, MN, P1, Lutheran, A1
• Sometimes
– Yt, Ge, Gy, Hy, Sd
• Clinically benign
– Knops, Chido/Rodgers, Xg, Bg, Cs, Yk,
JMH
การตรวจความเข้ากันได้ของเลือด
• ABO typing Typed, unmatched
• Indirect antiglobulin test
– Between
Initial crossmatched
• Patient’s RBC vs Donor’s plasma
• Patient’s plasma vs Donor’s RBC
– Condition
Full crossmatched
• Room temp & 37 C
o
• Immediate & 2 hours
10.
Clinical case #1
• ชาย 67 ปี case CRF
• มา ER เพราะไข้ ไอ มีอาการเหมือนเป็นไข้
หวัด
• Hb 6.7 gm/dL
• ผูป่วยบอกว่า Hb อยู่ประมาณนี้มาตลอด
้
สามารถทำากิจวัตรประจำาวันทั่วไปได้
• จะให้เลือดหรือไม่
11.
Goals of RBCtransfusion
• Increase O2 carrying capacity of blood
• Correct hypovolemia
• Degree of development of anemia and
underlying problems define tolerability
• 7.5 gm/dL in normal subject
• Prevent bleeding in thrombocytopenia
try keep > 8 gm/dL
12.
Platelet
• Pooled platelet
– 2-3 x 1011 platelet / unit
• SDP
– 3 x 1011 platelet / unit
• Kept at room temp, shelf-life : 5 days
• Express
– HLA Ag (A,B)
– Platelet specific Ag
– Do not express ABO Ag
Platelet refractoriness
• Incrementหลังให้ 1 ชม. < 10k 2 ครั้งติด
กัน
• CCI [Post – Pre-count] x BSA x 1011
No. of platelet transfuse
[Post – Pre-count] x BSA
3 x unit of SDP
[Post – Pre-count] x BSA
2 x unit of LPPC
17.
Platelet refractoriness
• CCI< 5k 2 ครั้งติดกัน
• สาเหตุ
– Anti HLA Ab - Prevented by leuko-
depletion
– Splenomegaly
– DIC
– VOD
18.
Plasma products infusion
•Correction of coagulation protein
deficiency
• Restore to 50% of coagulation protein
levels
• Plasma volume = 40 ml/kg
19.
Clinical indication forFFP
• Replacement of single factor deficiencies
• Immediate reversal of warfarin effect
• Vitamin K deficiency
• Acute DIC
• Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
(TTP)
• Inherited deficiencies of inhibitors of
coagulation
• C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
20.
Indication for Cryoprecipitate
•Hemophilia A
• Von Willebrand’s disease
• Congenital or acquired fibrinigen
deficiency
• Factor XIII deficiency
• Obstetric complications
• Consumption of fibrinogen eg. DIC
21.
Indication for Cryo-removedplasma
• Hemophilia B
• Prothrombin complex
(Factor II, VII, IX, X) deficiency
eg. Liver disease
22.
Cryoprecipitate
• Fibrinogen
• Factor VIII
• Factor XIII
• von Willebrand factor
• Fibronectin
23.
Clinical case #3
• ชาย 18 ปี ไข้ ซีด เหลือง Hb 6.0 gm/dL
• Work up เข้าได้กับ AIHA
• ผูป่วยมีอาการเหนื่อยมาก
้
• Blood bank แจ้งว่า ไม่สามารถหา
compatible blood ได้
• ท่านจะทำาอย่างไร
24.
AIHA
• OK forABO-compatible red cells if
patient has no previous transfusion or
pregnancy
• Auto Ab is not an issue.
• Allo Ab can occur in 30% of previously
transfused, previously pregnant.
25.
Type and Crossprocedure
• RBC typing
• Cross matching (Indirect Coomb’s test)
– Recipient’s RBC vs Donor’s plasma
– Recipient’s plasma vs Donor’s RBC
– At 37oC, immediate and 2 hours
26.
Detection of allo-Abin AIHA
• Auto-adsorption
– Must not recently receive blood transfusion
• Differential adsorption
27.
Massive transfusion
• Problems
– Dilution
– Consumption
– Decreased production
• Use PT-INR, PTT, Fibrinogen level,
platelet count to guide transfusion
therapy
28.
Issue in AplasticAnemia
• Number of donor exposure has direct
effect on graft rejection
29.
Acute hemolytic transfusionreaction
• ABO incompatible
• Symptoms
– Pain at admistrative site
– Fever, chills, back pain
– Hemoglobinuria
• DCT positive
• DIC -> bleeding
• Treatment
– Supportive: IV fluid, vasopressors
– IV mannitol
30.
Delayed hemolytic transfusionreaction
• Anamnestic response to RBC Ag
• Fever, anemia, jaundice
• 5 -10 days post transfusion
31.
Febrile reactions
• FNHTR
•Leukoagglutinating Ab in recipient
• Cytokines released from leukocytes
during prolonged storage