Treatment Of Black Cotton Soil To Increased It’s Stability And Bearing Capacity Using Cement Slurry

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 05 | May 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 459
Treatment Of Black Cotton Soil To Increased It’s Stability And Bearing
Capacity Using Cement Slurry
Rahul Arghode1, Kunal Mahajan2, Sarthak Kalshetti3, Pritesh Gandhele4, Harshal Mahajan5,
Mahesh Waghmare6,
1 Asst. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering at Dhole Patil College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra
2,3,4,5,6 Under Graduated, Dept. of Civil Engineering of Dhole Patil College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Black cotton soils are good for agriculture but it
has low bearing capacity than other soils and prefer for the
construction of high-story buildings and highways. The black
cotton soil has high swelling propertiesintherainyseasonand
has high shrinkage in the property in the summer season. Soil
stabilization is having different methods and material that
improves physical soil characteristics such as an increased
bearing capacity of soil and increased shear resistance can be
done by adding waster material, jute fiber, fly ash, lime,
cement, and adding differentadmixture forcompactingfor the
subgrade stabilization of the building, high storage, heavy
bridges, railway track, and highway
Hence in this paper, we conducted soil stabilization using
cement, lime, and sand on black cotton soil for the
improvement in the properties of black cotton soil as stability,
reduced in reduced shrinkage by using cement slurry, sand,
and lime in varying percentages. (Soil +10%Sand+5%Lime+
5% Cement, Soil + 15% Sand +5% Lime + 5% Cement, Soil +
20% Sand +5% Lime + 5% Cement) Laboratory tests were
undertaken to study the strength characteristics of back
cotton soil with cement, sand, and lime.
Key Words: Black cotton soil, Stabilization, Cement
slurry, increasing stability.
1. INTRODUCTION
Black cotton soil covers 20% of India's land area, mostly in
Gujarat, Maharashtra, M.P., South U.P., and portions of
Karnataka, A.P., and Tamilnadu. Soils have high
consolidation settling and are particularly compressive
when they are saturated. The high swelling characteristic of
these soils causes harm to the structure. Black cotton soil
loses a lot of its bearing ability during the rainy season as a
result of water filling up the cracks and crevices. This soil
contracts during the dry season, causing uneven building
settlement, cracks in walls and floors, etc.
Enhancing the strength or carrying capacity of soil through
controlled compaction,proportioning,and/ortheadditionof
the appropriate admixtures or stabilisers is known as soil
stabilisation. In order to boost strength anddurabilityunder
design usage conditions and to extend the design life of the
engineering project, soil, a naturally occurring substance, is
stabilised. The characteristics of the soil will varydepending
on its location, physical characteristics, and other factors.
Several ways are available to stabilise the soil, but they
should first be tested in a lab setting with actual soil before
being used in actual field settings.
Image no 1 black cotton soil in India
It is necessary to improve the desirable properties of those
soils because the fundamental property of the soil should
have sufficient strength & load bearing capacity so that
external loads may be passed to the lower layers effectively
without experiencing any structural failure.
The long-term physical and chemical change of soil will
improve its physical properties, which can improve shear
and unconfined compressive strength and permanently
lower the soil's permeability to water. Soil stabilisation
should be cost-effective.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
I. Likhitha. H, Raghavendra.H. N, Rakesh. K.P
(2018): The laboratory test wasconductedonblack
cotton soil where the stabilizer used where cement,
and M-sand at varying percentages, Here the basic
test was conducted like specific gravity, water
content,liquidlimit, plastic limit,optimummoisture
content, and maximum dry density they conclude
that engineering properties of soil can be increased
by making use of stabilization.
II. Badal Bankar, Dr. Satish Patil, RajshekharRatho
(2021): In this paper behavior of soft soil was
studied by stabilizing it with geogrid as a
reinforcement element and various proportions
(0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, & 8%) of cement. This shows the
increase in the stability and bearing capacity of the
subgradesoil at different proportions.Inproportion
to (BC soil+ Geogrid+6% cement) the CBR test was
highestat18.24andat(BC+Geogrid+8%cement)the
CBR value decreased to 17.59.
III. V. Ramesh Babu, V. Ramesh Babu, Dr. B. Ramesh
Babu (2016): The present work is done in
stabilizing the black cotton soil by using cement and
sand. In this work tests conductedwereplasticlimit,
liquid limits, specific gravity, standard proctor test,
unconfined compression test,andCaliforniabearing
ratio for the proportion of sand was taken 10%,
20% 30%, 40 and cement was taken 2% of black
cotton soil.
IV. Puneeth A, Ajay Nagaraj*, Aravind Sagar
B(2021): Puneeth A, Ajay Nagaraj*, Aravind
Sagar B(2021): The ground granulated blast
furnace slag and the cement were used in this work
for the laboratory test was carried out for the
different proportion combinations of black cotton
soil and binders . And in thispaper show anincrease
in the bearing capacity of soil
2. OBJECTIVE
 Conducting the detailed laboratory tests to find the
properties of soil
 Increasing stabilization of the soil by adding cement,
sand, and lime
3. MATERIAL
I. Cement: - We used 5% Portland pozzolanic cement (250
gm) of 5 kg of black cotton soil for the experiment. The
addition of cement to soil, which acts as a binding agent and
produces a weak form of concrete called soil cement. The
amount of cement to be required is depends upon the type
of the soil. The cement is can be used for the most types of
soil
II. M Sand: - We used 10%, 15%, and 20% manufactured
sand of 5 kg of black cotton soil. M-sand is manufacture
artificial by crushing hard stones into small. We have taken
the size of manufactured sand (M-sand) as less than 4.75
Sand used for the work is clean and coarse sand passing
through a 4.75 mm sieve was oven dried for 24 hr. and
cooled down
III. Lime: - We used 5 % Lime of 5 kg of black cotton soil the
lime provides high water retention thatallowsformaximum
early curing of the cementitiousmaterials.WeusedFinelime
for this experiment the oven dry for 24 hrs.andcooleddown
the lime.
4. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
The primary properties of black cotton soil are determined.
Then the soil is then stabilized with sand, cement, and lime.
The amount of sand for stabilization is taken in the different
proportions of 10%, 15%, and 20% bydry weightofsoil,and
the amount of cement and lime wastakenas5%respectively
by dry weight of soil. Using these proportions, mix samples
were prepared as given below and a set of laboratory tests
were performed specific gravity, liquid limit, plastic limit,
and moisture content. The CBR and modified proctor test
values of both natural soil and mixed proportion samples.
1) Black Cotton Soil (5kg)
2) Soil + 10% Sand +5% Lime + 5% Cement

4.1 Modified Proctor Test:
The 3 kg of black cotton soil was taken. Then the sample
passed by 4.75 mm sieved then dried in anovenfor24hours.
After this, the sample was left to cool down at room
temperature for 30 minutes and then filled in three layers
into a standardmold.Eachlayerwascompactedbyahammer
with 25 blows, andaftercompaction,thecollarwasdetached,
and the extra soil was removed from the top of the mold. The
total weight of wet soil with the mold is measured. A
representative portion of the soil in the mold is utilized to
obtain the value of moisture content. Repeated tests are
conducted by introducing additional water, roughly 2% at a
time, until the weight of the mold stacked with wet soil
decreases. This test procedure is also performed for various
soil samples that contain different percentages of sand, lime,
and cement. the sample of soil + 10% Sand +5% Lime + 5%
Cement, Soil + 15% Sand +5% Lime + 5% Cement, Soil +
20% Sand +5% Lime + 5% Cement respectively
4.2 Specified Gravity Test
After obtaining a 200-gram sample, it is passed through a
sieve with a pore size of 4.75 mm and then dried in an oven
for 24 hours. Once removed from the oven, the sample is
allowed to cool to room temperature for 30 minutes. The
specific gravity is then measured using a densitybottle,using
the procedure outlined in IS 2720 (part II) 1980.
Sr.No Parameter Observation
1 Weight of density bottle (W1 g) 640
2 Weight of density bottle + dry
soil (W2 g)
740
3 Weight of bottle + dry soil +
water (W3 g)
1501
4 Weight of bottle + water (W4 g) 1483
5 Specific gravity 1.21
4.3 Liquid Limit Test
The 50 gm of soil sample was taken and it was oven dried for
24 hours after 24 hoursletcooleddownatroomtemperature
for 30 minutes. And it is taken into the cup closer to 10 mm
and given the 20 blow in the standard manner.
Sr. No Parameter Observation
1 Number of blows 20
2 Container number I
3 Weight of container 16.62
4 Weight of container + Wet soil 39.12
5 Weight of container + Dry soil 31.22
6 Weight of water 7.90
7 Weight of over dry soil 14.60
8 Water content 54 %
4.4 Plastic Limit Test
In the plastic limit it is the moisture content in the soil were
the soil is behave like a plastic.
1 Container number II
5 Weight of water 4.72
6 Weight of over dry soil 13.34
4.5 Moisture Content Test
We take a sample of soil weighing 50 grams andplaceitinan
empty container. The container is weighed and then oven
dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 1100. Afterdrying,the
container is allowed to cool down to the room temperature.
1 Container number III
5 Weight of Moisture 3.71
6 Weight of dry soil 29.96
4.6 California Bearing Ratio Test
In the California bearing ratio we have taken 5 kg sample for
each test we conducted 4 test inCalifornia bearingratio(soil,
Soil+ 10% sand+ 5% cement+5% lime, Soil+ 15% sand+ 5%
cement+5% lime, Soil+ 20% sand+ 5% cement+5% lime)
compare them with each other. First we oven dried the soil
for 24 hours after 24 hour cooled down the soil in room
temperature for 30 minutesthenmixeditwithdesired water
then fixed the extension collar to the top the mold and the
vase plate to its bottom. After insert the spacer disc over the
base and then put a filter paper on the top of the space disc
and compact the soil in the soil the we use heavy
compaction. We used 5 layer of soil in mold compacted it
with 56 blow for each layer then removed the excess soil

then turn the mold upside down and then removed the base
plate and the displacer disc. Then weight the mold for
determination of bulk density and dry density. Then put the
filter paper on the top of the compacted soil and performed
the California bearing ratio.
Chart -1: CBR Test
5. RESULT & DISCUSSION
Sr
.
n
o
Name of
test
Without
treatme
nt
10%
sand,
5%
ceme
nt, 5%
lime
15%
sand,
5%
ceme
nt, 5%
lime
20%
sand,
5%
ceme
nt, 5%
lime
Uni
t
1
Modified
proctor
test
a) Maxim
um dry
density
(MDD)
1.65 1.69 1.73 1.75
g/c
c
b) Optim
um
moistu
re
conten
t
(OMC)
17.16 16.25 16.02 15.03 %
2
Specific
gravity
1.21 - - - -
3
Moisture
content
12.00 - - - %
4
Atterberg
limit
a) Liquid
limit
54.00 - - - %
b) Plastic
limit
36.00 - - - %
c) Plastici
ty
index
18 - - - %
5
California
bearing
ratio
3 8 13 16 %
6. CONCLUSIONS
According to the results of the earlier studies, material like
cement, sand, and lime can be used to strengthen the
stability of black cotton soil. The region of BC soil will be
suitable for laying pavements if the density of the soil grows
since it supports an increase in CBR value.

7. REFERENCES
1) Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil by Admixtures by
Shreyas krishnappa, augest 2017
2) Case study on an Improvement of bearing capacity of
sandy soil by grouting by Beenish Jehan 2017
3) Strength Improvement of Loose Sandy Soils Through
Cement Grouting by Santhos Kumar, India Institute of
ScienceCase.
4) Study on improvement of bearing capacity of sandysoil
by grouting by Srinivas Ganta, IJITR 2017
5) Study on improvement of bearing capacity of soil by
grouting by Gopalsamy. P, IRJET 2017.

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