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Trichuris trichiura
- 1. Trichuris trichiura The whipworm Lectureby: Maha Gamal Aldein
- 2. Introduction • Trichuris trichiuraor Trichocephalus trichiuris is intestinal nematode worm • Inhabit a human large intestine (ceacum) • Causing the disease known as trichiuriasis • It is soil transmitted infection (eggs are infective stage found in soil) • Is commonly known as the whipworm because it looks like the whip 2
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- 4. • The wormshas thin anterior and thick posterior part • They attach to intestinal mucosa by embedding their anterior part. • They feed on tissue fluid (not blood). 4
- 5. Geographical distribution: • Worldwidedistribution • It is more common in Asia • Less in Africa and South America. • Rare in the United states. 5
- 6. Morphology (the worm) Shape:round • narrow long anterior part end and shorter and thicker posterior. Color: pinkish-white Size: ♀ 35–50 mm long ♂ 30–45 mm, with a coiled posterior end 6
- 7. Eggs of Trichuristrichiura • Shape: oval (barrel-shaped) has polar hyaline mucoid blugs • Size: 60 x40 µm • Color: honey brown • Shell: Thick • Contents: • Mass of granules (Unembryonated) 7
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- 9. Development of T.trichura eggs 9 1-Eggs are single celled when passed with human feces 2-The develop into 2 cell, 4 cell, morula, egg contain larva (in soil ) 3-Thelarvated egg (infective to human) • The development of infective eggs in soil takes about 2-3weeks,
- 10. How man becomeinfected? • Infection to man is by ingestion of the infective eggs (contain larva) that may be in contaminated food or drink, hands with soil • The larva hatch in the human small intestine then migrate to large intestine • They attach to mucosa of the large intestine. • Then develop into mature worms with in three months • After mating female produce 2,000–10,000 single-celled eggs per day • which come out with feces. • Worms can live up to five years 10
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- 12. Pathology & Symptomatology Peoplewith light infections usually have no symptoms. People with heavy infection show symptoms like: • Frequent defecation • Painful passage of stool • Stool appearance: contains a mixture of mucus and blood (dysentery). • The clinical feature is identical to amebic dysentery. 12
- 13. Complications: • Colonic obstructionbecause of the tangle of worms • Ulceration of large intestine which result in blood loss. • Iron deficiency anemia • Rectal prolapse 13
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- 15. Laboratory Diagnosis 1- whatis /are suitable sample/s? 2- what is are suitable diagnostic test/s or technique/s? 3- what is/are the diagnostic stage/s? 15
- 16. Summary: • T. trichuriaworm inhabit human large intestine • The female produces large number of eggs 2,000–10,000 per day • The worms are not found stool because they attach to the mucosa of large intestine. 16
- 17. 1-Stool sample issuitable for the diagnosis. 2- suitable diagnostic technique: A- direct wet examination for feces (heavy infection) B-Concentration by sedimentation or by floatation to detect (very light infection) 3- diagnostic stages: eggs 17
- 18. Quality control • Eggsof T. trichiura should be differentiated from Capillaria philippensis eggs which may also found in stool. C. Philippensis egg T.trichiura egg 18
- 19. Treatment Several anthelmintics drugsof choice: • Albindazole • Mebendozle Prognosis The prognosis is good in light infection Poor in heavy chronic infection 19
- 20. Prevention & control •Prevent contamination of soil with human feces • Construction of latrines • Washing hands before eating (children, soil worker). • Washing vegetables & fruits • Do not use the night soil as fertilizer 20