Trypanasoma cruzi

Trypanasoma cruzi

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  PREPARED BY; ADEEBAAHMED
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  TRYPANASOMES  Derived fromGreek word trypana (borer) and soma (body) its shape is like a corkscrew.  They are unicellular parasitic flagellates.  The first species identified was in a trout by valentin in 1841.
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  TRYPANASOMA CRUZI  Discoveredby Brazilain physician Carlos Chagas in 1909.  The disease caused by Trypanasoma cruzi is chagas disease also called as American trypanasomiasis.  It is transmitted to animals and people by insect vector (reduviid bug)  It is found only in America.
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  PATHOGENESIS  Chagas diseaseis present in two phases acute phase and chronic phase both can be symptom free or life threating.  ACUTE PHASE Starts one week after infection and last for the first few weeks or months of infection it is symptom free or show mild symptoms that includes fever, fatique, body aches, headache, loss of apetite, rash and vomiting
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   CHRONIC PHASE Thesymptoms of chronic phase occur 10 to 20 years after initial infection or may never occur. Howerver in severe cases signs and symptoms includes irregular heart beat heart failure, cardiac arrest and severe intestinal complications.  The disease is also known as silent killer because the infection can remain dorment in blood stream for decades.
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  DIAGNOSIS  Microscopy  Xenodiagnosis Serology ; IFAT, ELISA  PCR
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  TREATMENT  Chagas diseasecan be treated with benzidazole and also nifurtimox. Both medicines are 100% effective in curing the disease if given soon after the infection at the onset of acute phase including the cases of congenital transmission.
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  PREVENTION  Elimination ofkissing bugs by building structures that discourage bug inhibiation.  Avoid building homes with palm roofs and cracks.  Use of insecticides.  Avoid pets in home to limit the reservoir of the disease.