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Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission aims to transform India's urban infrastructure and governance through a two-track strategy focusing on urban infrastructure development and basic services for the urban poor. The program emphasizes integrated planning, funding linked to reforms, and the requirement for cities to prepare development plans to access financial assistance. Key challenges include capacity limitations at urban local bodies and political resistance to necessary reforms.
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The JNNURM aims to transform urban infrastructure and governance, focusing on 65 cities for integrated urban development.
India faces significant urban challenges with a population expected to reach 1.6 billion by 2030. Urban areas contribute over 50% to GDP.
The JNNURM aims to transform urban infrastructure and governance, focusing on 65 cities for integrated urban development.
The Mission emphasizes planned development and linkages between asset creation and management, ensuring investment and service delivery.
JNNURM supports a variety of projects, including urban renewal, water supply, sewage management, and urban transport.
Details financial support across different city populations with various contribution percentages from Centre and states.
Reforms in urban sector focus on improved governance, taxation systems, land laws, and participatory planning.
The JNNURM has approved 1,296 projects with a total cost of ₹734.58 billion, with significant funds allocated and used.
Breakdown of allocated funds for various sectors shows priorities in water supply, transportation, sewage, and waste management.
Different states in India have varied performance in implementing urban reforms, with notable achievements and slow adopters.
Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) show a range of reform progress, highlighting areas of success and delays in implementation.
Key challenges include lack of capacities and political support, along with resistance from local bodies and populations.
PEARL promotes knowledge sharing among cities for better urban management and learning from different city experiences.
JNNURM has established a focus on urban development, highlighting the importance of capacity building and sustained reforms.
Acknowledgment of the mission objectives and call for future discussions on urban renewal and challenges.
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Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
- 1. Jawaharlal Nehru NationalUrban Renewal Mission Transforming Transportation 26th January 2012 O.P. Agarwal
- 2. Urban Challenge ….. INDIA'S URBAN TRANSITION Urban Population (million) Rural Population (million) Total Population (million) 1600 1408.93 1400 1291.30 POPULATION IN MILLION 1230.48 1200 1164.02 1027.02 1000 846.30 811.77 833.88 843.77 833.25 800 741.67 684.30 628.70 548.20 524.80 575.68 600 439.10 447.53 396.60 400 352.25 285.35 217.60 200 109.10 159.50 0 1971 1981 1991 2001 2010 2015 2020 2030 YEAR
- 3. Urban systems andchallenges 2nd largest urban system globally Urban • Towns (nos.) : 5,161 Urban population - 320 million (2011) • Million + cities : 35 system Urban decadal GR : 25% - 30% • 100,000 + cities: 423 GDP contribution: 50% + Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission ….. a break from the past and integrated approach
- 4. Jawaharlal Nehru NationalUrban Renewal Mission Two track strategy for the urban sector development Track-I Track-II Sub Mission for Urban Infrastructure Urban Infra. Dev. Scheme for and Governance Small & Medium Towns Sub Mission for Basic Services Integrated Housing & Slum Dev. for the Urban Poor Program Coverage- 65 cities Cities/UAs with 4 million + population 07 Coverage- all other cities Cities with 1 million + population 28 State Capitals and other Cities 30
- 5. Mission Objective andCoverage • Planned development • Integrated development of infrastructure • Linkages between asset creation & asset management PORBANBAR • Ensuring adequate investment of funds • Scaling up delivery of THIRUPATI services and emphasis on universal access • Renewal of inner city areas
- 6. Salient Features • Cities are required to prepare City Development Plans (Vision Documents) as participatory frameworks for Infrastructure planning and prioritization, and Framing urban reform agendas • Funding support for infrastructure is linked to reforms Cities and State need to enter into Memorandum of Agreement with Government of India to implement urban reforms in order to access JNNURM funds • Urban Infrastructure Projects are prepared and executed by the Cities Cities are provided funding assistance for implementing urban projects based on Detailed Project Report.
- 7. Eligible projects •Urban Renewal •Water Supply • Sewerage & Sanitation • Solid Waste Management • Storm Water Drains • Urban Transport • Parking spaces (through PPP) • Development of heritage areas • Preservation of water bodies • Prevention & rehabilitation of soil erosion
- 8. Funding Pattern Grant ULB/ Centre State Parastatals/ Cities with 4 million plus population 35% 15% 50% Cities with million plus but less than 4 50% 20% 30% million population Cities in North Eastern States and J&K 90% 10% - Other Cities 80% 10% 10% Desalination Plant (for any city) 80% 10% 10%
- 9. Urban Sector Reforms State level Mandatory Classification ULB level of reforms State/ULB Optional level All reforms have to be completed within the Mission period, as per an agreed timeline – MoA . 9
- 10. Reforms (1) • Adoption of modern accrual-based double entry system of accounting • Introduction of a system of e-governance using IT applications • Reform of property tax so that it becomes a major source of revenue for the city • Arrangements for its effective implementation so that collection efficiency reaches at least 85 per cent within next seven years. • Levy of reasonable user charges with the objective that the full cost of O&M or recurring cost is collected within the next seven years • Internal earmarking in the budgets for basic services to the urban poor.
- 11. Reforms (2) • Revision of bye-laws to streamline the approval process for buildings, etc. • Simplification of legal and procedural frameworks for conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural purposes • Introduction of Property Title Certification System • Earmarking at least 20-25% of developed land in all housing projects for EWS and LIG category • Introduction of computerized process for registration of land and property • Revision of byelaws to make rain-water harvesting mandatory in all buildings and Byelaws for reuse of recycled water • Encouraging PPP
- 12. Overall Status ofProject Implementation Particulars Total Cost of Approved Projects (Rs. Billion) 734.58 Central Assistance Committed (Rs. 383.97 Billion) Central Assistance Released : FY 215.16 2005-2011 (Rs Billion) Approved Projects (Nos.) 1,296 Completed Projects (Nos.) 231 12 Total Utilisation (Rs. Billion) 303.13
- 13. Progress in useof funds (Rs Bn) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Allocated Utilised 13
- 14. Sector breakup 7 2 20 8 63 Water supply Urban Transport Sewarage Drainage Solid waste 14
- 15. Progress of Reforms-State Level Category Name of States Number West Bengal, Maharashtra, Madhya Achieved all Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Kerala 6 Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Performing well (above 50%) Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Orissa, 11 Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, Goa, Manipur, M izoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Jammu and Slow moving (below 50%) Kashmir, Meghalaya, Punjab, Puduche 14 rry, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand
- 16. Progress of Reforms-ULB Level Category Number Achieved all 16 Performing well 23 Slow moving 24 16
- 17. Key Issues inImplementation Lack of capacity of the ULBs : Dealing with delivery of specialized services such as fire services and planning and Urban forestry - many states have not transferred these functions Lack of Political support in some areas : Implementation of urban planning, rent control and Community participation law require considerable political support Political consensus is also required for levy of property tax, doing away with exemptions, periodic surveys and improving administration of ULBs to enhance coverage and collection. Resistance from states/ULBs to implement reforms: Resistance on account of loss of revenue due to stamp duty reduction Resistance to levy of user charges for solid waste as in many states it is recovered under property tax ; People are reluctant to pay additional user charge as it is considered as an obligatory responsibility of the ULB hence
- 18. Peer Experience andReflective Learning (PEARL) An initiative for knowledge sharing among cities launched Objective: To create manageable networks between JNNURM cities for cross learning and knowledge sharing Progress so far: 5 groups have been formed - A: Mega Cities with global character in socio-economic profile, B: Major industrial cities, C: Mixed economy cities D: Cultural and religious cities, E: Hill and environmentally sensitive cities
- 19. Major Impact • Firmlyestablished a focus on the development of cities • Strong focus on cities taking responsibility 19
- 20. Lessons learnt • Needto build capacity before launching such a huge program • Special emphasis to hand hold lagging states needed – financial incentives not enough • Sustained focus on reforms can be difficult – needs the right visionaries – political pressures on the investments 20
- 21.