Tushar.ladla 42

Tushar.ladla 42

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  Waste- A MajorProblem for India By- Tushar.K. Ladla (class – 9C) (Roll no- 42)
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  Contents to talkabout- • Wastage problems in India • Major Waste of India • Statistics • Waste management • Hypothetical Results
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  Wastage problems inIndia • India's rapid economic growth has resulted in a substantial increase in solid waste generation in urban centres. ... Due to sustained rapid economic growth, Indian cities are expected to only intensify their consumption patterns. With rapid urbanisation, the country is facing massive waste management challenge. Over 377 million urban people live in 7,935 towns and cities and generate 62 million tonnes of municipal solid waste per annum. Only 43 million tonnes (MT) of the waste is collected, 11.9 MT is treated and 31 MT is dumped in landfill sites.
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  Major waste ofINDIA • Plastic • Water(becoming dirty) • Food(as a daily consumption) • E-Waste
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  Plastic Plastic pollution isthe accumulation of plastic products in the environment that adversely affects wildlife, wildlife habitat and humans. Plastics that act as pollutants are categorized into micro-, meso-, or macro debris, based on size. As of 2018, about 380 million tonnes of plastic is produced worldwide each year. From the 1950s up to 2018, an estimated 6.3 billion tonnes of plastic has been produced worldwide, of which an estimated 9% has been recycled and another 12% has been burnt. In 2012, it was estimated that there was approximately 165 million tons of plastic pollution in the world's oceans. A 2017 study found that 83% of tapwater samples taken around the world contained plastic pollutants. This was the first study to focus on global drinking water pollution with plastics, and showed that with a contamination rate of 94%, tap water in the United States was the most polluted, followed by Lebanon and India.
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  Water • Wastewater (orwaste water) is any water that has been affected by human use. Wastewater is "used water from any combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff or storm water, and any sewer inflow or sewer infiltration".Therefore, wastewater is a byproduct of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities. The characteristics of wastewater vary depending on the source. Types of wastewater include: domestic wastewater from households, municipal wastewater from communities (also called sewage) or industrial wastewater from industrial activities. Wastewater can contain physical, chemical and biological pollutants. Households may produce wastewater from flush toilets, sinks, dishwashers, washing machines, bath tubs, and showers. Households that use dry toilets produce less wastewater than those that use flush toilets.
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  Food Food waste orfood loss is food that is discarded or lost uneaten. The causes of food waste or loss are numerous and occur at the stages of producing, processing, retailing and consuming. Global food loss and waste amount to between one-third and one-half[ of all food produced. Loss and wastage occur at all stages of the food supply chain or value chain. In low-income countries, most loss occurs during production, while in developed countries much food – about 100 kilograms (220 lb) per person per year – is wasted at the consumption stage. if we talk about India its mainly wasted in marriages, holy meetings and even on picnics, etc…
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  E-WASTE Electronic waste ore-waste describes discarded electrical or electronic devices. Used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling, or disposal are also considered e-waste. Informal processing of e- waste in developing countries can lead to adverse human health effects and environmental pollution. Electronic scrap components, such as CPUs, contain potentially harmful components such as lead, cadmium, beryllium, or brominated flame retardants. Recycling and disposal of e-waste may involve significant risk to health of workers and communities in developed countries and great care must be taken to avoid unsafe exposure in recycling operations and leaking of materials such as heavy metals from landfills and incinerator ashes. One of the major challenges is recycling the printed circuit boards from the electronic wastes. The circuit boards contain such precious metals as gold, silver, platinum, etc. and such base metals as copper, iron, aluminium, etc. One way e- waste is processed is by melting circuit boards, burning cable sheathing to recover copper wire and open- pit acid leaching for separating metals of value. Conventional method employed is mechanical shredding and separation but the recycling efficiency is low. Alternative methods such as cryogenic decomposition have been studied for printed circuit board recycling
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  Statistics • About 0.1million tonnes of municipal solid waste is generated in India every day. That is approximately 36.5 million tonnes annually. {61*100^4 Qutub Minars!!} • Between 2000 and 2025 the waste composition of Indian garbage will undergo the following changes: Organic Waste will go up from 40 percent to 60 percent Plastic will rise from 4% to 6% Metal will escalate from 1% to 4% Glass will increase from 2% to 3% Paper will climb from 5% to 15% Others (ash, sand, grit) will decrease from 47% to 12% • Every year, consumers in rich countries waste almost as much food (222 million tonnes) as the entire net food production of sub-Saharan Africa (230 million tonnes). The amount of food lost or wasted every year is equivalent to more than half of the world's annual cereals crop (2.3 billion tonnes in 2009/2010) [4.32{61*100^4 Qutub Minars!!}]
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  Waste management (shortterm goals) • Select according to their shelf life. Use the green vegetables first. Use canned and bottled food before expiry dates. • Reuse the refrigerated left-overs (if any) for the very next meal. • Even if food gets spoilt then compost it. • If you work in an office that has a canteen, check with them on how they manage excess food. Cooked food, especially since it has a low shelf life needs to be managed better and faster. Check with NGOs who offer to transport excess food to the needy. • If you host a family get together either at home, a marriage hall or throw a party at a hotel, make sure you plan for the food to be transported to a place like an orphanage or an old age shelter. • Make finishing your plate a habit. Try to inculcate it further to as many possible. • Plan out your meal and make your shopping list to determine what you actually need for the week. About 20% of what we buy in urban India ends up being thrown away. You could in the week after cut down on the surplus and soon in two or three weeks you will have a precise list of your family’s weekly consumption. You have no idea how amazed you will be at how much you buy and what you actually consume. Needless to say that the difference is but naturally wasted. • Buy in quantities you can realistically use. Avoid impulse buys. It will more or less find the bin. • If you cook at home, make sure you cook keeping in mind there is no excess. You can always complete your meals with a few fruits rather than keep some extra food in the refrigerator. It’s a lot better and a healthier practice too.
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  Hypothetical Results Thereby weprove that the HYPOTHESIS we predicted resulted true!!!!