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TYPES OF INJECTION AND INJECTION SITES.pptx
- 2. Introduction âą Most ofthe injection can be administrated by a variety of routes, which depends on both drugs as well as patients related factors. âą Routes can be :- A. Localaction B. Systemicaction
- 3. Local action Systemicaction âą Topical âą Deeper tissue âą Arterial âą Oral âą Sub-lingual âą Rectal âą Cutaneous âą Inhalation âą Nasal âą Parenteral i. Subcutaneous ii. Intramuscular iii. Intravenous iv. Intradermal
- 4. Parenteral medications âą Administrationof a medication by injection into body tissues. âą Subcutaneous (SC)â into tissue belowdermis of skin âą Intramuscular (IM)â Into body muscle âą Intravenous (IV)â into a vein âą Intradermal (ID)â into dermis just underthe epidermis
- 6. Injection âą Sterile solution,emulsions or suspensions âą Prepared by dissolving, emulsifying an active ingredient and any other substances in water for injection âą Act of giving medication by use of syringe and needle to obtain the desired âą therapeutic effect taking into account the pts. Safety and comfort.
- 7. Drug in injectionform ?? âą Usually allow rapid absorption âą Produce blood levels comparable to those of intravenous bolus injections âą Given from 1 ml and up to 2mls in the deltoid and up to 3 mls in the gluteal muscle in adults. âą Drugs that are altered or not absorbed by other method of administration
- 8. Syringes âą 3 mainparts:- âą Barrel â Chamber that holds the medication âą Plunger â Part within the barrel that moves back and fourth to withdraw and still medication. âą Tip(hub) â part that the needle is attached to..
- 9. Consideration when choosinga syringe needle âą Type od medication âą Depth of tissue penetration required âą Volume of medication âą viscosity of medication âą size of the client
- 10. Equipment for theadministration of injection âą Tray which include drug and equipment âą Syringe of appropriate size âą Swab saturated with isopropyl alcohol 70% âą sterile topical swab if drug is presented in ampoule form drug to be administered âą Pts. Prescription to check dose, route and timing âą Notes available to record administration in accordance with law âą Gloves , Apron
- 11. Reduce the riskof infection âą Good hand washing âą Good hand drying âą Aseptic technique âą Good observation and questioning of client âą Skin preparation, if required
- 12. 7 Right ofDrug administration 1. Right client 2. Right medication 3. Right dose 4. Right route 5. Right time 6. Right reason 7. Right documentation
- 13.
- 15. âą It isa method of administering medication âą A short needle is used to inject a drug into the tissue layer between the skin & muscle. âą Medication administered by subcutaneous injection include drugs that can be given in small volumes. âą Insulin and hormones are commonly administered as subcutaneous injections. âą Medication like morphine, hydromorphine, metoclopramide/dexamethasone can also be administered. âą Most often used for PDD. Introduction
- 16. Preparation for S.C.inj. âą Location of inj. Is important. âą Some areas of the body have a more easily accessible layer of tissue , where a needle injected under the skin will not hit muscle, bone, or blood vessels.
- 17. Most common site âąAbdomen â at or under the level of the belly button, about 2 inch away from naval. âą Arm â back or side of the upper arm âą Thigh - front of the thigh
- 19. Equipment used âą MedicationSyringes âą Auto injector pen
- 20. How to administer âąWash hand properly âą Gather supplies âą Clean the injection site âą Prepare for syringe with medication o Remove the cap from the vial o draw air into the syringe o insert air into vial o withdraw the medication o remove any air bubbles âą Inject the medication o Pinch the skin o inject the needle o insert the medication o withdraw the needle o apply pressure to the site
- 22. Complication âą Severe pain âąredness âą Swelling âą Warmth or drainage
- 23.
- 24. Introduction âą It isa technique used to deliver a medication deep into the muscles. âą This allows the medication to be absorbed into the bloodstream quickly.
- 25. Used for? âą Commonpractice in modern medicine âą Used to deliver drugs and vaccines âą Some time it may be used instead fir I.V. inj. Because drugs are irritating to veins , or because a suitable vein can not be located. âą Absorption rate are faster then subcutaneous inj. Because muscle tissue has a greater blood supply than the tissue just under the skin. âą It can hold a larger volume of medication than subcutaneous tissue.
- 26. Most common site âąDeltoid muscle of the arm âą Vastus lateralis muscle of thigh âą Ventrogluteal muscle of the hip âą Dorsogluteal muscles of the buttocks
- 28. Method of administration âąNeedle size and injection site will depend on many factors. âą These include age, size of the person receiving the medication and the volume and the type of medication âą The needle should be long enough to reach the muscle without penetrating the nerves the blood vessels underneath. âą Generally, needles should be 1 inch- 1.5 inch for an adults. âą 22 G â 25 G thick, noted as 22G on the packaging
- 30. Steps for I.M.inj. âą Wash hands properly âą Gather all needle supplies âą Locate the injection site âą Clean injection site âą Proper syringe with medication âą Self injection withy a syringe o Insert the needle o Check for blood âą Inject the medication âą Remove the needle âą Apply pressure to the injection site
- 31. Complication ï Severe painat the injection site ï tingling or numbness ï Redness, swelling or warmth at the injection site ï Drainage at the injection site ï Prolonged bleeding ï Signs of an allergic reactions like- difficulty in breathing, facial swelling
- 32.
- 34. âą Medication aredirectly administer into vein using a needle or tube. âą With I.V. administration , a thin plastic tube called an IV catheter is inserted into vein. âą It allows to provide safe doses of medication without needling to poke with a needle each time.
- 35. âą IV medicationis often used because of the control if provides over doses âą For instance, in some situation people must receive medication very quickly. âą This includes emergencies such as a heart attack, stroke or poisoning. âą Medications may need to be given slowly but constantly. âą IV administration can also be a controlled way to give drugs overtime.
- 36. âą Typically usedfor short- term needs. âą It may be used to administer medication during surgery or to give pain medications or antibiotics. âą A needle is usually inserted into a vein in wrist, elbow, or back of the hand. âą The catheter is then pushed over needle âą The needle is removed and the catheter remain in vein.
- 37. âą Some arecommonly given by this methods- âą Chemotherapy drugs- doxorubicin, vincristine, cisplantin, paclitaxel âą Antibiotics â such as ; vancomycin, meropenem âą Antifungal drugs âą Anti inflammatory drugs âą Drugs for low blood pressure âą Immunoglobulin medication (IVIG)
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- 41. Indication Diagnostic âą Identify skinallergy to any drugs âą Intradermal allergy test âą Tuberculin skin test/ Montoux test âą Xylocaine sensivity test Therapeutic âą Administration of local anesthesia prior to invasive procedure.
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- 45. Implementation 1. Gather anequipment needed 2. Explain the procedure to patients 3. Wash hands and don the gloves 4. Prepare the medication in the nurse station and discard all unwanted equipment's. 5. Position the client and select the appropriate site for the injection 6. Cleanse the site with the alcohol swab in circular motion 7. Remove the needle cap with non-dominant hand by pulling straight away. 8. Now spread the skin taut and place the needle almost flat against pts. Skin 9. Insert 1/8 inch bevel up so that needle can be seen through the skin. 10. Slowly inject during watching for a bleb to develop 11. Withdraw the needle from the same angles as it was inserted 12. Don't recap the needle, discards syringe & needle into appropriate by. 13. Remove the gloves and gloves an do wash the hands 14. Perform documentation 15. Draw circle using pen or marker around the injection site. 16. Write the date and time of medication administration.
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