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Underutilized Vegetable Crops production Technology of Leek .pptx
- 1. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE,GWALIOR RajmataVijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Gwalior Session-2024-25 SUBJECT-Production of Underutilized Vegetable crops Assignment on Production Technology of Leek SUBMITTED TO: Dr. Pragya Singh SUBMITTED BY: Pankaj Patidar Enroll No.-24111405 M.sc(Ag) Horticulture 1st year (Vegetable Science)
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- 3. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION BOTANICAL NAME:- Allium porrum L. CHROMOSOME NUMBER :- 2n=4x=32 COMMON NAME :- Leek FAMILY :- Alliaceae ORIGIN :-Southern Europe , North Africa and the middle East
- 4. INTRODUCTION • Leek isa non bulb forming tetraploid plant of onion family. • Except large size it looks like green onion. • Its cultivation is not commercial in India and grown only in kitchen garden. • Leek is cultivated for blanched stems and leaves. • It is a biennial plant, consumed as salad and used in flavouring the soups.
- 5. USES & NUTRITIVEVALUE • Leeks can be used extensively in soups and stews because of mild flavour and some what mucilaginous character. • It is an excellent vegetable to flavour the meals in Indian dishes in place of garlic. Energy (kcal) 77 Calcium(mg) 50 Vitamin-A(IU) 30 Fat (g) 0.1 Moisture (g) 78.9 Iron(mg) 2.3 Thiamine(mg) 0.23 Carbohydrates(g) 17.2 Protein(g) 1.8
- 6. HEALTH BENEFITS OFLEEKS • Contain many flavonoid antioxidants (including di-allyldisulfide, di- allyl tri-sulfide, allyl propyl di-sulfide). • Reduce fatty liver (liver triglyceride accumulation)caused by high-fat diets. • Improve lipid profile by decreasing total cholesterol and triglyceride levels while raising good cholesterol levels.
- 7. CLIMATE • Leeks areadapted to growing in cool mild climates. • Optimum temperature for seed germination-18-22^c . • Ideal growing temperature ranges from 13-24^c. • They don’t have the specific day length or temperature requirements that onion requires for bulb initiation.
- 8. SOIL • A wellaerated soil with good drainage and good moisture retention capacity with a pH of 6.5-7 is best. • Deep ploughing is recommended so that a longer shaft can be developed.
- 9. VERIETIES Main fall varieties(August to October): American Flag, Jolant, Kilima, King Richard, Primor. Late fall - winter (October to December): Derrrick, Electra, Goldina, Goliath, Kilima, Tivi, Wintereuzen. Overwinter (spring harvest): Carina, Conqueror (moderate bulbing), Eskimo and Siberia. These varieties mature in 80-120 days.
- 10. 1. PPL-1 • Itis a selection from exotic germplasm. • The whole plant is consumed. • Leaves light green, swollen stem and do not form bulb. • Ready in 150-160 days and good replacement for green onion. 2. Palam Paushtik: • An alternative of green onion, suitable for salad, soup and cooking. • Matures in about 140-150 days with average yield of 300-350q/ha.
- 11. SOWING TIME • Idealtime -August- October in plains& hills • High Hills –March – April • Mid Hills –October –December SEED RATE • About 1.5-3 kg seed/h is required for raising the seedling. • 5-7 kg/ha for direct sowing. • One gram weight contains 370 seeds. Transplant of seedling
- 12. SEEDLING AND TRANSPLANTING •Leeks are normally transplanted. • Seeded: Feb-March (under protection). • Mid-March to Mid-April (Out Door). • Seedlings should be placed in furrows 15 cm deep or Each seedling should be transplanted in individual hole of 15 cm deep. • Spacing - 30 × 15 or 45 ×10 cm
- 13. NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT • Asoil test is necessary to determine phosphate and potash requirement. • Apply 200-250q well rotten Farm Yard Manure or compost along with 80-100kg N, 60 kg P2O5 and 80 kg k2O/ha. • Entire quantity of FYM, P2O5, k2O and half N should be thoroughly mixed in the soil at the time of planting. Remaining N is side dressed one month after. • Ethephon @ 50mg/l as foliar spray should be applied 20-25 days after sowing. • NAA @50mg/l should be applied at 60 and 90 days after planting.
- 14. IRRIGATION • Irrigate uniformlyto maintain vigorous, uniform growth and tender stalks. • A total of 12-15 inches of water may be required depending on planting date, seasonal variation and variety. • Soil type does not affect the amount of total water needed, but does decide frequency of water application. • Lighter soils need more frequent water applications, but less water applied per application.
- 15. BLANCHING • Blanching isimportant in leek cultivation. • It is done by covering the plants to a certain height so as to bleach them, which improves the quality of the crop. • For this purpose, plants are put in up to their center leaves in trenches or pits which are heavily manured and to earth up soil as they grow. • Care should be taken not to earth up soil too early when the plants are young.
- 16. INTERCULTURAL OPERATIONS • Applicationof Alachlor (Lasso) @ 2 litres/ha or Stomp @ 3litres/ha in 750 liters of water before transplanting is beneficial for controlling weeds. Three hand weedings at 30, 50 and 75 days after transplanting.
- 17. HARVESTING AND HANDLING •Leeks do not bulb or go dormant in the fall but continue to grow slowly. • The time of harvest is, therefore, very flexible, depending on the time of planting, market conditions and variety of leek planted. • Small leeks can be sold starting in early August and varieties that have frost tolerance may be harvested throughout the fall and winter months. • Machine harvest of leeks is now possible, but most leeks are lifted or dug by machine and then harvested, cleaned and packed by hand. • Single or multiple row harvesters can be used effectively.
- 18. YIELD- • The averageyield is about 200-300 q/ha. STORAGE- • Store leek seed At 0 C and 95 to 100% RH • Leeks, if properly handled, should be kept satisfactorily for 2 to3 months at 0 C. • Respiration or heat evolution of leeks is about eight timesfasterat 21.1 C than at 0 C • The best CA contains from 1-3 per cent oxygen and from 5-10 per cent carbon dioxide. • Atmospheres containing 15-20 per cent carbon dioxide cause tissue injury. • 1 gram consists of 250-300 seeds
- 19. PACKAGING • Leeks arecommonly trimmed to 12 inch length, bunched depending on diameter and often placed in polyethylene film bags. • They are usually packaged in 5 kg cartons or wire bound crates, holding 10 film bags, each 500 g. • Other crates may be packaged with 18-24 bunches with a net weight up to 15 kg.
- 20. METHODS OF SEED PRODUCTION •Seed to seed method :in this method, the first season bulb crop is left to overwinter in the field, so as to produce seed in following season. • Bulb to seed method : 1. Bulbs stored in previous season are lifted, selected and replanted to produce seed in 2nd year. 2. Mostly bulb to seed method is followed because : 3. It permits selections of true to type and healthy bulbs for seed production. 4. Seed yields are comparatively high
- 21. PLANT PROTECTION • INSECTS •DISEASE
- 22. INSECT-PEST 1. Cutworm (Agrotisipsilon):- • It is a polyphagous insect and active at the onset of weather and The caterpillars cut the seedling at ground level during night time. Control :- • Follow clean cultivation and break big clods of soil. • Dust the soil with 4% Endosulfan at 25 kg/ha.
- 23. DISEASE 1.Downy Mildew(peronospora destructor): •The entire surface of the leaves bears with violet growth of mycellium and sporangia • If the weather is hot or dry, only pale white patches are seen • The affected leaves drop at the point of lesion and dry at tip Control: • Spray the crop with Dithane M-45 at 0.3% at weekly interval
- 24. 2. White rot(sclerotium cepivorum): • The fungus is soil brone and kills the stem, roots. • The leaves of infected plants become yellow and flaccid leading to death of whole plant. Control: • Spray the crop with 0.1 % Bavistin
- 25. REFERENCES 1. B.Choudhary, 1976,vegetables,nationalbook trust. 2. M.S.Fageria, B.R.Choudhary and R.S.Dhaka,2003,vegetable crops production technology, Kalyani publishers. 3. KV Peter, Horticultural series volume-3. 4. L.C.De,2001, Handbook of vegetable crops. 5. UK Kohli, Kxotic vegetables,Westville publishing House. 6. Yomaguchi,1983, World vegetables, AVI publishing Co.
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