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UNDP_Energy Audits_2015
- 1.
- 2. Table of contents Intro AnEnergy Audit in segments Measurement The Energy Efficiency measures What after?
- 3. Intro An Energy Auditrepresents an overview of the energy and water consumption of a building from the collected and processed data related to the consumption of all energy and water consumption systems in order to assess the potential for possible energy efficiency measures and savings.
- 4. Intro Energy Efficiency meansreducing energy and water consumption but keeping or improving the working conditions, quality of service or production process.
- 5. Intro Reducing the energyand water consumption costs leads to decreasing of the product / service price and thus becoming more competitive on the market.
- 6.
- 7. An Energy Auditin segments
- 8. An Energy Auditin segments
- 9. An Energy Auditin segments – the Prep • Introductory meeting with the administration and head of maintenance services • The initial questionnaire! • Data collection • Discussion and processing • Meeting with the head office of the institution
- 10. An Energy Auditin segments – the Prep EMS: • policy for more efficient use of energy? • targets and objectives to meet the policy? • gathering data? • measuring the results? • reviewing the effectiveness of the policy? • continually improve energy management? • end results?
- 11. An Energy Auditin segments – the Prep EMS:
- 12. An Energy Auditin segments – the Prep In the Prep one should have gathered the info about: •The contact person, the basic building characteristics, the energy and water used, the systems which use them, what do they think and what are there plans?
- 13. An Energy Auditin segments – the Prep Additional data gathered: •Energy and water consumption for last 3 years plus the last years available months, •All the available project documentation
- 14. An Energy Auditin segments – the Visit A detective approach?
- 15. An Energy Auditin segments – the Visit •The EA team should be prepared well, •Equipment checked, •A plan for the audit and a plan for the measurements should be done, •The client should be informed.
- 16. An Energy Auditin segments – the Visit Building envelope:
- 17. An Energy Auditin segments – the Visit Building envelope data required: •Surfaces and sizes, orientation and building characteristics (roof, floors, windows, walls etc.) •The working schedule of the building, the number of workers •The heated and cooled area or volume •The referent climatic data
- 18. An Energy Auditin segments – the Visit Heating system:
- 19. An Energy Auditin segments – the Visit Heating system:
- 20. An Energy Auditin segments – the Visit Heating system data required: •The characteristics of the heating system, the boiler, the distribution system and the medium, the heating elements (radiators etc.) •Working schedule, power and efficiency, regulation, maintenance •Hydraulic balance of the system, •Connection to other systems (DHW or steam)
- 21. An Energy Auditin segments – the Visit Domestic hot water system:
- 22. An Energy Auditin segments – the Visit Domestic hot water (DHW) system data required: •The characteristics of the DHW system, the distribution system and the medium •Working schedule, power and efficiency, regulation, maintenance •Connection to other systems (connection to heating system, connection to alternative systems, etc.)
- 23. An Energy Auditin segments – the Visit The cooling, ventilation and airconditioning system:
- 24. An Energy Auditin segments – the Visit The cooling, ventilation and airconditioning system:
- 25. An Energy Auditin segments – the Visit Cooling, ventilation and airconditioning system data required: •The characteristics of the systems, the distribution system and the medium, the cooling/ventilation elements (convectors, fans, etc.) •Working schedule, power and efficiency, regulation, maintenance •Split systems, •Connection to other systems (cooling, refridgeration, etc.)
- 26. An Energy Auditin segments – the Visit The other electricity consumption system:
- 27. An Energy Auditin segments – the Visit The other electricity consumption system:
- 28. An Energy Auditin segments – the Visit The electricity consumption system data required: • Indoor and outdoor lighting system, number of lamps, power, operating hours •All other usual and specific equipment, power, operating hours •Overall efficiency, regulation and maintenance
- 29. An Energy Auditin segments – the Visit Alternative energy production systems (renewables):
- 30. An Energy Auditin segments – the Visit The Alternative energy production systems data required: • Installed power, energy production, connection to building, purpose, connection to distribution system •Overall efficiency, regulation and maintenance
- 31. An Energy Auditin segments – the Visit Water supply system:
- 32. An Energy Auditin segments – the Visit The water supply system data required: • Pressure control system? • Number and type of water sources and end-user appliances • Alternative water sources? • Is there any water running when noone is using it?
- 33. An Energy Auditin segments – the Analytics Q''H,nd,ref kWh/(m2a) Calculated 129 15 250 > 250 200 150 100 50 25 A+ G F E D C B A
- 34. An Energy Auditin segments – the Analytics Things to do: • Analyse all energy and water bills data and make a referent consumption • Make energy and cost balance • Make balance for each type of energy and water • Compare the calculated energy demand with the referent consumption!
- 35. An Energy Auditin segments – the Analytics Energy balance Electricity 45.6% Natural gas 54.4%
- 36. An Energy Auditin segments – the Analytics Cost balance Electricity 52.1% Natural gas 32.1% Water 15.8%
- 37. An Energy Auditin segments – the Analytics Electricity consumption balance Heating system (pumps etc.) 36.2% Boilers for DHW 4.7% Indoor lighting 20.8% Outdoor lighting 1.0% Kitchen appliances 2.0% Office equipment 30.8% Electromotor for elevators 3.4% Other 1.2%
- 38. An Energy Auditin segments – the Analytics Electricity consumption balance of lighting system Fluorescent lighting with electronic ballast 47.8% Fluorescent lighting with magnetic ballast 23.0% Fluocompact bulbs 21.9% Incandescent bulbs 0.9% Halogen bulbs 1.2% Highpressure mercury lamps 0.3% Halogen lamps - Outdoor 3.5% Fluorescent lamps - Outdoor 1.3%
- 39. An Energy Auditin segments – the Analytics Heating energy balance (for example natural gas) 4% 75% 2% 19% Heating (convectors) Heating (radiators) Heating distribution losses Boiler losses
- 40. An Energy Auditin segments – the Analytics Water consumption balance Toilets 28.6% Taps 14.3%Kitchen 24.6% Other 3.5% Car wash 17.7% Losses 11.2%
- 41. An Energy Auditin segments – the Analytics Analytics of energy and water consumption 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 Power[kW] Electricity[kWh] Months
- 42. An Energy Auditin segments – the Analytics Analytics of energy and water consumption 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Naturalgas[MWh] Months
- 43. An Energy Auditin segments – the Analytics Analytics of energy and water consumption 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 Waterconsumption[m3] Months
- 44. An Energy Auditin segments – the Analytics Problems and errors – not exact balance
- 45. An Energy Auditin segments – the Analytics Problems and errors – ruptures in water dist. system
- 46. An Energy Auditin segments – the Analytics Problems and errors – consumption during night
- 47. An Energy Auditin segments – the Analytics Important: The calculated and the real energy use The calculated heating demand (from software) 105.000 kWh The real natural gas consumption (data form bills) 156.000 kWh 123.000 kWh The real heating energy consumption – excluding heating system losses, consumption in kitchen, for DWH etc.
- 48.
- 49. Measurement Easy: • Temperature andhumidity • Surface and sizes of building envelope (laser distance meter) • Lux measurement (luxmeter) • Electricity data (active and reactive power, energy, power factor etc.
- 50. Measurement Not so easy: •Thermo camera (thermography) • Water pressure and consumption (ultrasound) • Ventilation losses, air penetration (blower door test) • Boiler efficiency measurment (direct and indirect, waste gasses etc.) • Measurement of building envelope heating conduction
- 51.
- 52. Measurement Nighttime water consumption(0,7 liters / second)
- 53.
- 54.
- 55. The Energy Efficiencymeasures • The EE measures should be calculated according to referent energy consumption (real consumption from energy and water bills) • The EE measures are technically, ecologicaly, economically evaluated • The EE measures are calculated transparent • The EE measures are calculated according to local norms and laws
- 56. The Energy Efficiencymeasures – the List EE measures can be: Active Passive
- 57. The Energy Efficiencymeasures – the List Energy Management System Example: Water loss and savings example
- 58. The Energy Efficiencymeasures – the List EE in the building envelope: • thermal insulation in floors, walls, roofs • more efficient windows, doors and glazing • EE in interior • reduction of ventilation losses
- 59. The Energy Efficiencymeasures – the List Introduction of renewables: • solar (thermal and PV) and wind • biomass • alternative water sources • etc.
- 60. The Energy Efficiencymeasures – the List EE in the heating system: • changing of energy, using waste heat • centralization of the system • changing the boiler, EE in the generation and distribution system and heating bodies • EE in regulation • EE in auxiliary systems (pumps etc.)
- 61. The Energy Efficiencymeasures – the List EE in the cooling system: • changing of energy, using waste heat for ap(d)sorption • centralization of the system • changing the equipoment, EE in the generation and distribution system and convectors • EE in regulation • EE in energy storage (ice bank)
- 62. The Energy Efficiencymeasures – the List EE in the ventilation/airconditioning system: • changing of working parameters • hydraulic balancing • automatization • EE in auxilary equipment (pumps, ventilators etc.) • thermal insulation of distribution system
- 63. The Energy Efficiencymeasures – the List EE in the other electricity consumption system: • changing the tariff model • power management (if max. power beside energy is paid too) • reactive power compensation
- 64. The Energy Efficiencymeasures – the List EE in the other electricity consumption system: • indoor and outdoor lighting (cleaning the luminaries, changing the ballasts, changing the bulbs, EE in regulation) • EE in electromotors (changing, frequency regulation) • EE measures in other specific system (change, better efficiency, regulation, maintenance etc.)
- 65. The Energy Efficiencymeasures – the List EE in the water consumption system: • pressure regulation • alternative water sources (rain water etc.) • EE in distribution and end-user system (pipes, taps, toilets, showers etc.)
- 66. The Energy Efficiencymeasures – the Final evaluation • EE measures should be given separate, with the results as no other EE measure will be implemented • EE measures should be commented with the chronology of implementation • Some EE measures should be given in interdependence
- 67.
- 68.
- 69. What after? • ESCO •EE projects • Monitoring and verification • Energy Management System
- 70. Thank you foryour attention. Marko Capek, Energy audits, Measurement and verification, Sustainable Energy Management [email protected] [email protected]