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Unicef
UNICEF was established in 1946 to provide emergency relief to children following World War II. It has since expanded its mission to promote children's rights and support their health, education, and protection worldwide. UNICEF has over 190 country offices and works in partnership with governments, NGOs, and other UN agencies. In Nepal, UNICEF has worked since the 1960s on issues like immunization, education, nutrition, and child protection. It currently focuses on health, WASH, social protection, and emergency response, and runs campaigns like GOBI-FFF to promote low-cost, high-impact interventions for children.
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Unicef
- 1. United Nations Children’sFund (UNICEF) Prepared and Presented by: Surakshya Poudel BPH 2nd batch ( 4th yr ) UCMS
- 2. Presentation Outline • Multilateraland Bilateral Agencies • Introduction to UNICEF • History and Milestones • Missions and Goals of UNICEF • Structure of UNICEF: Executive Board, Bureau, OSEB, National Committees • Focus Areas of UNICEF • UNICEF Funding, Partnerships and Publications • UNICEF Nepal: History and Focus Areas • GOBI:FFF Campaign • UNICEF against COVID-19 2
- 3. Multilateral Agencies • Organizationsformed between three or more nations • Pools funds from multiple government and parties • Spends on projects on various countries and many countries are involved in deciding the priorities and activities of multilateral agencies • E.g: WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, WB, EU, UNDP,etc. 3
- 4. Bilateral Agencies • Governmentagencies • Operates directly between two countries • Receive funding from government in home countries • Use funding to aid specific developing countries • Fund flows from official sources directly to official sources in the recipient country • E.g: USAID, DFID, AUSAID, JICA,GIZ,etc. 4
- 5. Introduction • UNICEF isone of the biggest names in international aid and humanitarian work in the world today. • UNICEF is one of the specialized agency of United Nations responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide. 5
- 6. History and Milestonesof UNICEF • Established on 11th December,1946 A.D by United Nations General Assembly. • To provide emergency food and healthcare to children in the countries that had been devastated by World War II. • Ludwik Rajchmann a Polish bacteriologist, is regarded as the founder of UNICEF. 6
- 7. • 1946 focusedon food to Europe. • The UNICEF program was so successful, by the year 1953 it had become a permanent part of the United Nations System. • Its original name was United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund. It was later changed to the United Nation’s Children Fund after being officially adopted as a permanent branch of the UN in 1953. 7
- 8. • In 1959declaration of the rights of the children. • In 1961 mainly focused on education to children. • UNICEF was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965, the first to be awarded to an organization, and not an individual, as well as the Prince of Asturias Award of Concord in 2006. • 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child. • 1990 World Summit for Children. • 2002 Special session on Children. 8
- 9. Mission of UNICEF •To ensure the basic nutrition, health and education needs of children are met. • To give children the opportunity to expand their potential. • To create an international ethical standard of behaviour towards children. 9
- 10. GOALS • Provide longterm humanitarian and development assistances to children and mothers in developing countries. • Emphasize developing community level services to promote health and well being of students. 10
- 11. Structure of UNICEF •Headquarter- New York City, USA • UNICEF works in over 190 countries and territories • 7 regional Offices more than 150 country offices • In the seven decades since its founding, UNICEF has expanded its work around the world with a staff of more than 13,000 worldwide, the majority of whom are based in field offices. 11
- 12. Regional Offices andHeadquarters S. N REGIONAL OFFICES COUNTRIES 1 Latin America and Caribbean Panama city, Panama 2 Europe and Central Asia Geneva , Switzerland 3 East Asia and the Pacific Bangkok, Thailand 4 Eastern and Southern Africa Nairobi , Kenya 5 Middle East and North Africa Amman, Jordan 6 South Asia Kathmandu , Nepal 7 West and Central Africa Senegal 12
- 13. Executive Board • Guidingand monitoring all of UNICEF's work is an Executive Board made up of 36 members who are government representatives elected by the United Nations Economic and Social Council (UNECOSOC) usually for three-year term with the following regional allocation: 1. Africa (8 seats) 2. Asia (7 seats) 3. Eastern Europe (4 seats) 4. Latin America and Caribbean (5 seats) and 5. Western Europe and Others (12 seats) 13
- 14. • They establishpolicies, approve programmes and decide on administrative and financial plans and budget. • UNICEF reports annually through the Executive Board to the Economic and Social Council, which in turn reports to the General Assembly • Henrietta H. Fore is the present executive director of UNICEF. 14
- 15. Executive Board sessions •The Executive Board meets three times each calendar year, 1. first regular session (January/February), 2. annual session (May/June) and 3. second regular session (September) • Executive Board sessions are held at the United Nations headquarters in New York. 15
- 16. Bureau • Five officersof the Executive Board constitute the Bureau. • They are elected by the executive board at its first regular session of each year from among the members for that year. • It comprises the president and four vice-presidents representing each of the five regional of groups, with the presidency rotating among groups every year. • The bureau serves as a bridge between UNICEF secretariat and the regional groups, dealing primarily with liaison and administrative and functional matters to enhance the effectiveness of the Executive Board. 16
- 17. Office of theSecretary of the Executive Board (OSEB) • The Office of the Secretary of the Executive Board supports and services the Executive Board. • It is responsible for maintaining an effective relationship between the Executive Board and the UNICEF secretariat, and helps to organize the field visits of the Executive Board. • The Office also provides editorial and technical services for all documentation related to Executive Board sessions and meetings, decisions, reports of sessions and the country programme documents repository. 17
- 18. UNICEF National Committees •The National Committees are an integral part of UNICEF’s global organization and a unique feature of UNICEF. • Currently there are 33 National Committees in the world, each established as an independent local non-governmental organization. • Serving as the public face and dedicated voice of UNICEF, the National Committees work tirelessly to raise funds from the private sector, promote children’s rights and secure worldwide visibility for children threatened by poverty, disasters, armed conflict, abuse and exploitation. 18
- 19. Focus Areas ofUNICEF 1. Child Protection and Inclusion 2. Child Survival 3. Education 4. Social Policy 5. UNICEF in emergencies 6. Innovation for children 7. Supply and logistics 8. Research and analysis 19
- 20. 20 1.Child protection andinclusion UNICEF works with partners around the world to promote policies and expand access to services that protect all children. 2.Child Survival UNICEF has helped reduce child mortality all over the world by working to reach the most vulnerable children, everywhere. 3.Education UNICEF works around the world to support quality learning for every girl and boy, especially those in greatest danger of being left behind.
- 21. 4.Social Policy UNICEF worksaround the world to reduce child poverty and shield girls and boys from its lifelong consequences. 5. UNICEF in emergencies UNICEF is on the ground before, during, and after emergencies, working to reach children and families with lifesaving aid and long-term assistance. 6.Innovation for Children UNICEF works with partners in every sector to co-create innovative solutions that accelerate progress for children and young people. 21
- 22. 7.Supply and Logistics UNICEFdelivers sustainable access to lifesaving supplies where they are most needed, accelerating results for the most vulnerable children. 8.Research and Analysis UNICEF’s global programmes and initiatives are grounded in rigorous research and thoughtful analysis about the situation of children. 22
- 23. Funding to UNICEF •Resources to UNICEF’s programmes come from the voluntary contributions of governments, intergovernmental organizations, foundations, the private sector and individuals. • Resources to UNICEF take the form of direct or indirect funding, people (volunteers, consultants and seconded personnel), partnerships, equipment and other in-kind donations. UNICEF funding is categorized by: 1. Regular Resources 2. Other Resources (regular) 3. Other Resources (emergency) 23
- 24. Regular Resources • RegularResources are unearmarked contributions from partners given without restriction so that UNICEF can allocate them as needed. • These resources form the bedrock of UNICEF’s development and humanitarian work, as well as our organizational operations at the global, regional and local levels. 24
- 25. Other Resources (regular) •Other Resources (regular) are contributions earmarked by UNICEF donors for specific purposes, including for a country, geographic area, theme, project, sector, or any other category agreed upon by UNICEF and the donor. • Reserved for non-emergency programmes and UNICEF strategic priorities, these funds give donors greater involvement in programming, and enable clear and concise monitoring and reporting of results and cost-effectiveness. 25
- 26. Other Resources (emergency) •Before, during and after humanitarian emergencies, UNICEF is on the ground, bringing life-saving help and hope to children and their families. • Other Resources (emergency) are funds earmarked for specific emergency response needs and projections. 26
- 27. UNICEF Public Partnerships 1.Government partners • UNICEF unites with governments in various international flora, including the United Nations General Assembly, the United Nations Economic and Social Council(UNECOSOC), and regional entities like the African Union and European Union to address policy and budget gaps so that children can grow up protected, healthy and educated. • In 2018, the three largest public-sector contributors to UNICEF were the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. 27
- 28. 2. Multilateral partners •UNICEF engages in Global Programme Partnerships (GPPs) and International Financial Institutions (IFIs) to achieve stronger, more equitable results for children. • As of 2017, UNICEF was a member of 101 GPPs, including Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance; the Global Partnership for Education; the Global Fund; and the Global Partnership to End Violence against Children. • Increasingly, UNICEF is partnering with International Financial Institutions like the World Bank Group to protect the most vulnerable children. 28
- 29. 3. United Nationspartners • UNICEF works especially closely with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women) to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the UN’s development operations and support countries to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) 29
- 30. UNICEF Publications • UNICEF’slongest-standing flagship publications are 1. The State of the World’s Children : Each edition of it focuses on a vital issue or sector affecting children and young people around the globe. 2. The UNICEF Annual Report : spotlights results for children achieved by UNICEF and its partners across multiple sectors each year, along with financial data and donor recognition. 30
- 31. • UNICEF publishesa wide range of publications, providing data and analysis on the many issues facing children and young people around the world. • Other UNICEF publications are produced in collaboration with United Nations partner agencies and international development organizations. • Many UNICEF publications are available in multiple languages, including Arabic, English, French and Spanish. • UNICEF country offices and National Committees also translate materials into local languages. 31
- 32. UNICEF SOUTH ASIA •UNICEF works in eight countries in South Asia to save children’s lives, defend their rights, and help them fulfill their potential. • It includes Afganistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Srilanka • Regional Office for South Asia (ROSA) is in Kathmandu,Nepal. 32
- 33. UNICEF NEPAL • isa United Nations agency that signs its five-year country programmes with the Government. • works through government and non-government partners and does not implement programmes. • provides support for strengthening existing government systems mainly through advocacy, policy dialogue and training. 33
- 34. History of UNICEFin Nepal • UNICEF began operations in Nepal from its New Delhi office in 1964. The two-person liaison office established in Kathmandu in 1968, finally became a full-fledged office in 1972. • Over five decades of partnership, UNICEF in Nepal has contributed towards many strides the country has taken. • The focus of programmes has continuously changed over the years to meet the changing needs of children, adolescents and women in Nepal. 34
- 35. 1960s- 1970s Providing mainly hardwaresupport through vehicles and construction; printing and distribution of textbooks; support for immunization, iodine, vitamin A and iron supplements, and promotion of breastfeeding and oral rehydration therapy. 1980s Supporting early childhood care and development, equal access to education for girls, child protection, child and maternal health, community water supply and sanitation as well as out-of-school education for children in the most remote locations. 1990s Empowering communities especially women and Meena initiative to promote behavioural change. 2000s Protecting children during the conflict period, paralegal committees, HIV and life skills. 35
- 36. 2013-2017 Reforming policyand legislation; strengthening systems and services for children; addressing social norms and behaviours related to harmful practices, adolescents’ development and participation, climate change and disaster risk reduction. After the 2015 earthquakes, UNICEF was there with emergency response and recovery. 2018-2022 UNICEF continues to advocate for investing in children at the federal, provincial and local levels to maximize the potential of Nepal’s young population, and supports Nepal’s renewed commitments to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). UNICEF’s programmes for 2018-2022 will focus on areas related to health; nutrition; child protection; education; water, sanitation and hygiene; and social protection. Aside from these, early childhood development, adolescents, disability, gender as well as disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation are issues that will be tackled across sectors. 36
- 37. FOCUS AREAS INNEPAL 1. Health 2. Nutrition 3. Education 4. WASH 5. Child Protection 6. Emergency 7. Social Protection 37
- 38. GOBI- FFF Campaign •The main objective of 1978 Alma Ata declaration was to achieve health for all by 2000 hence in 1983, UNICEF approved the GOBI childhood survival strategies by James P.Grant. • Strategy consisting of four low-cost , high impact, knowledge mediated measures • 3 additional measures (FFF) were added later. 38
- 39. GOBI-FFF • G: GrowthMonitoring to better monitor child development • O: Oral Rehydration to treat mild and moderate dehydration • B: Breast Feeding • I: Immunization against TB, Polio, Pertussis, Tetanus and Measles • F: Female Education • F: Family Spacing • F: Food Supplements 39
- 40. UNICEF against COVID-19 •The COVID-19 pandemic poses an extraordinary challenge to the world. Currently affecting more than 200 countries and territories, the virus has upended the lives of children and their families everywhere, placing a huge strain on often already overburdened health and education systems. • UNICEF is working with governments, partners and businesses to provide access to life-saving supplies including personal protective equipment for front line health workers to protect children and families. • Among the around 40 countries across the globe UNICEF has reached with supplies so far. 40
- 41. • In Nepal,UNICEF is helping the government to assess and reinforce the capacities of health facilities to deal with the coronavirus pandemic. • Like in Rupandehi, Nepal: As part of the response to the coronavirus pandemic in Province 5 in the west of Nepal, UNICEF has been supporting the Government of Nepal to ensure that frontline healthcare workers receive the protective supplies they require, along with assessing the conditions and capacities of quarantine sites and health facilities. 41
- 42. REFRENCES • https://www.unicef.org/ • https://www.unicef.org/nepal/ •The UNICEF Executive Board: An Informal Guide – 2020 • Park’s Text Book of Preventive & Social Medicine (24th Edition) 42
- 43.