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- 2. LOK SABHA RAJYA SABHA CONCLUSION INDEX 1. AKNOWLEDGEMENT 2. INTRODUCTION 3.THE UNION PARLIAMENT 4. LOK SABHA 5. RAJYA SABHA 6. PRESIDENT OF INDIA 7. CONCLUSION
- 3. INDEX LOK SABHA RAJYA SABHA CONCLUSION LOK SABHA : 1.INTRODUCTION 2. ELECTIONS 3. TERM 4. COMPOSITION 5. QUALIFICATION & DISQUALIFICATION 6. VACATION OF SEATS 7. PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURES 8. TYPES OF MOTION 9. SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE 10.ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE SPEAKER
- 4. INDEX LOK SABHA RAJYA SABHA CONCLUSION RAJYA SABHA : 1.INTRODUCTION 2. ELECTIONS 3. TERM 4. COMPOSITION 5. QUALIFICATION & DISQUALIFICATION 6. SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE
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- 6. AKNOWLEDGEMENT In preparation ofmy assignment, I had to take the help and guidance of some respected persons, who deserve my deepest gratitude. As the completion of this assignment gave me much pleasure, I would like to show my gratitude Your Teacher’s Name, Course Instructor, on Texas University for giving me a good guidelines for assignment throughout numerous consultations. I would also like to expand my gratitude to all those who have directly and indirectly guided me in writing this assignment.
- 7. INTRODUCTION • The Parliamentof India is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicameral legislature composed of the President of India and the two houses: the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). • The President in his role as head of legislature has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha. • The Members of Parliament, Lok Sabha are directly elected by the Indian citizen voting in Single- member districts and the Members of Parliament, Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of all State Legislative
- 8. FEDRAL SET-UP OFGOVERNMENT FEDRAL SET-UP Union/Central Government State Government Hence called as BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE
- 9. UNION PARLIAMENT UNION PARLIAMENT The President LokSabha Rajya Sabha
- 10. LOK SABHA • LokSabha (House of the People) or the lower house has 545 members. • 543 members are directly elected by citizens of India on the basis of universal adult franchise representing Parliamentary constituencies across the country • 2 members are appointed by the President of India from the Anglo- Indian Community.
- 11. TERM & COMPOSITION 1.Term • According to constitution the term of the Lok Sabha is 5 Years. • However, It can be dissolved before the expiry of its normal term by The President on the advice of the Prime Minister. • Its term could be extended by Parliament for one year, in case of Emergency. 2. Composition • Maximum Strength(By CONSTITUTION) : 552 • Not more than 530 members shall represent the states • Not more than 20 members shall represent the Union Territories • 2 members are appointed by the President of India from the Anglo-Indian Community. Current Lok Sabha Consists of542 Members
- 12. QUALIFICATION & DISQUALIFICATION 1.Qualification • He should be an Indian Citizen. • He should be at least 25 years of age. • He should have his name in the electoral rolls in some part of the country. • He should not be an insolvent. • He should not hold any office of profit under the government. • He should not be a proclaimed criminal. • He should not be of unsound mind. 2. Disqualification • If he holds any office of profit under the Government of India or the Government of any state. • If he is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court. • If he is an undischarged insolvent. • If he is not a citizen of India or has voluntarily acquired citizenship of a foreign state. • If he is so disqualified by or under any law made by the parliament.
- 13. VACATION OF SEATS •When the holder of the seat, by writing to the speaker, resigns. • When the holder of the seat is absent from 60 consecutive days of proceedings of the House, without prior permission of the Speaker. • When the holder of the seat is subject to any disqualifications mentioned in the Constitution or any law enacted by Parliament. • A seat may also be vacated when the holder stands disqualified under the 'Anti- Defection Law‘ • When the holder of the seat is already a member of the State Legislature and is elected to the Parliament, he has to vacate his seat in the State Legislature or vice-versa
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- 15. SESSIONS • The Presidentsummons each House of Parliament. • Each House shall meet at least twice a year • The interval between two consecutive sessions shall be less than 6 months • Normally there are three sessions : 1. the Budget Session (February-May) 2. the Monsoon Session (July-August) 3. the Winter Session (November-December)
- 16. QUORUM • The quorummeans the minimum number of members required to be present in order to enable the House to transact its business. • The quorum of Lok Sabha is 1/10 of the total membership • This means that the house cannot conduct its proceedings and pass bills and resolutions without the presence of at least one-tenth of its total membership • The speaker may adjourn the house or suspend the meeting until there is a requisite quorum
- 17. QUESTION HOUR • Thefirst hour on every working day of the Lok Sabha is reserved for questions, This is known as Question Hour. • The speaker can decide to cancel it, if required. • It is intended to keep the functioning of the government open to scrutiny by the members • Questions on matter of public interest can be asked • A member has to give a notice atleast 10-days before asking the question
- 18. TYPES OF QUESTIONS 1.Stared Questions : These are answered orally. Supplementary questions can be asked after getting the reply. 10 days notice needs to be given before asking these questions. These questions are indicated by asterisk mark. 2. Unstarred Questions: These are answered in written form. No Supplementary questions can be asked after getting the reply. 10 days notice needs to be given before asking these questions. 3. Short Notice Questions: These questions are asked on urgent & important matters. These questions are asked with a notice shorter than 10 days. Minister is asked whether he can reply to the question at a short notice and its upto him to accept or not to accept short notice questions.
- 19. ZERO HOUR • Theperiod which begins at 12 O’ Clock i.e. after the Question Hour and continues till the Lunch Break which begins at 1 O’ Clock is called as Zero Hour. • During this period, members raise all types of questions without any permission or prior notice. • The presiding officer controls the House, when faced with heated discussions, charges and countercharges and constan interruptions by the members.
- 20. MOTION : MEANING Aformal proposal made by a member, asking the House, to take up a matter of public importance is termed as Motion.
- 21. TYPES OF MOTION Typesof motion Adjournment Motion No-Confidence Motion
- 22. ADJOURNMENT MOTION • Aproposal to keep aside all other business and take up a ‘definite matter of urgent importance’ is called as Adjournment Motion. • Example: Railway Accident, Natural Calamity or Communal Riots etc. • Such a Motion leads to the interruption of normal business of the House
- 23. NO-CONFIDENCE MOTION • Aproposal initiated by the opposition, expressing lack of confidence in the Ministry is called as No Confidence Motion. • The council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the entire Lok Sabha including the Opposition. • No-Confidence in the government is moved by the opposition • At least 50 members should support the motion. • Speaker puts the motion to vote within 10days, if the motion is passed, then the Government has to resign. 12th Lok Sabha, the government headed by Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee Lost just by one vote
- 24. ADJOURNMENT & PROPOGATION TheSpeaker can adjourn a Session of House: • After the business of the day is over • When death of a sitting/ex-member of the House occurs • When there is extreme disorder in the House • For want of quorum • As & when the Speaker finds it necessary. • Prorogation means termination of the session of the Parliament. • A Speaker can Adjourn a House. • However, only the President has the power to prorogate the session of Parliament.
- 25. WHO IS THESPEAKER ? • The Speaker is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha. • He conducts the business of the House • He occupies a position of great authority and responsibility • He has wide powers to maintain discipline in the House • In the Table of Precedence he ranks higher than all Cabinet Ministers, other than the Prime Minister himself. • With respect to the discharge of his powers and functions, the speaker is not answerable to anyone except the House
- 26. ELECTION • The Speakerof Lok Sabha is elected from among it own members, as soon as the newly elected House meets for the first time. • When the House dissolves, he/she remains in the office, till a new Speaker is elected. • The Speaker of Lok Sabha is elected for a term of 5 years. • The Speaker can be removed if the majority of the House passes a resolution. • Deputy Speaker takes over the office after his removal or in his absence. • The Speaker may resign from his post on health or other grounds by submitting a, letter of resignation to the Deputy Speaker
- 27. CURRENT SPEAKER Sumitra Mahajan2014-2019
- 28. ROLE & FUNCTIONSON SPEAKER • The Speaker presides all the meetings of the House. • The Speaker interprets the rules of the procedure of the House. His decision is final decision. • All the Bills passed by the House are signed by him before it is sent to Rajya Sabha or President. • The Speaker decides whether the Bill is a Money Bill or not. • The Speaker decides the admissibility of all questions and resolutions.
- 29. TYPES OF FUNCTIONS AdministrativeFunctions Disciplinary Functions Parliamentary Functions Miscellaneous Functions
- 30. ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS Administrative Functionsof the Speaker of Lok Sabha include: • The Speaker receives all the petitions and documents in the House. • He communicates the decisions of the House to the concerned authorities. • He regulates the admission of visitors and Press correspondents to the galleries of the House.
- 31. DISCIPLINARY FUNCTIONS The DisciplinaryFunctions of the Speaker of Lok Sabha include: • The Speaker maintains order in the House. He can suspend a member or in case of grave disorder can adjourn the House. • Speaker can expunge (cut) indecent or unparliamentary words used by a member from the proceedings of the House. • Speaker decides whether the matter is related to contempt of the House of breach (violation) of privilege. • In case, if there is a question about a member’s disqualification under Anti Defection Law, then as per our Constitution, the decision of the Speaker would be considered as Final Decision.
- 32. PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES •The Speakeris the ex-officio Chairman of some of the committees of the House such as Business Advisory Committee and the Rules Committee. •He appoints the Chairmen of all the Committees of the House. •He issues directions to the Chairmen in all matter related to their working and procedures.
- 33. MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS •The Speakerpresides over the joint sessions of both the Houses of the Parliament. •In consultation with the Chairman of RajyaSabha, the Speaker nominates the personnel for Parliamentary Delegations to various countries. •Speaker presides the Conference of Presiding Officers of Legislative Bodies in India.
- 34. RAJYA SABHA Composition : •250members •238 members are Elected from the states of the Union. •12 members are Nominated directly by the President
- 35. ELECTIONS •The members ofRajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of the Legislative Assembly of each state. •People -> Members of Legislative Assembly (MLA) -> Members of Rajya Sabha •Term : 6years. •1/3rd of the total number of members retire after every two year.
- 36. QUALIFICATIONS & DISQUALIFICATIONS QUALIFICATIONS: • Should be Indian citizen • Should be of at least 30 years of age • Should have his name in electoral rolls in any part of the country • Shouldn’t hold any office of profit under Government of India • Shouldn’t be insolvent (no debt) • Shouldn’t be a proclaimed criminal • Shouldn’t be of unsound mind DISQUALIFICATIONS : • If he holds any office of profit under the Government of India or the Government of any state. • If he is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court. • If he is an undischarged insolvent. • If he is not a citizen of India or has voluntarily acquired citizenship of a foreign state. • If he is so disqualified by or under any law made by the parliament.
- 37. PRESIDING OFFICER OF RAJYASABHA •Vice President of India is the presiding officer of the Rajya Sabha. •He is the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha. ----------------------------------------- •In his absence: Deputy Chairman perform these functions. Venkaiah Naidu
- 38. LEGISLATIVE POWERS OFPARLIAMENT • Matters in the Union List: Parliament makes laws on all 97 subjects mentioned in Union List. • Matters in the Concurrent List: Parliament makes laws on all 47 subjects mentioned in Concurrent List • Residuary Powers: Parliament makes laws on all the subjects which aren’t mentioned in any of the 3 lists: Union/State/Concurrent List. • Matters in State List: Parliament makes laws on 66 subjects mentioned in State List during Proclamation of Emergency, Majority proposes that the subject is of National Importance, when two or more states requests the Parliament to handle the subject. • Ordinances: President promulgates an ordinance when both the Houses aren’t in Session. However the same has to approved or rejected within 6 weeks of re-assembly of the Parliament. • Powers during Emergency: If there is a total breakdown of Constitutional Machinery in the State, the Parliament becomes the State Legislature and assumes all powers.
- 39. FINANCIAL POWERS • TheBudget: Parliament passes the Union Budget. • Supplementary Grants: If the amount authorised for the current financial year isn’t sufficient, the Government may make a fresh demand known as ‘Supplementary Grants.’ • Vote on Account: If the Union Budget isn’t presented by the Government before 1st April i.e. Beginning of Financial year then ‘Vote on Account’ authorises the Executive to draw funds from Consolidated Fund of India until Budget is passed by the Parliament. • Salaries: Parliament decides the salaries and allowances of MPs, MLAs and other Ministers of Parliament. • Permission for Taxes: No tax can be imposed by the Government without approval of the Parliament.
- 40. JUDICIAL POWERS • Impeachmentof the President: Parliament can impeach the President, when its approved by the majority of both the Houses. • Removal of Judges etc: Parliament can remove Judges of Supreme Court, High Courts, Chief Election Commissioner etc. • Punishment: Parliament can punish a person who obstructs the work of Parliament or a person who shows disrespect to the House.
- 41. ELECTORAL POWERS • Appointmentof the President: Parliament along with State Legislatures appoints the President of India. • Appointment of the Vice-President : Parliament appoints the Vice-President of India. • Appointment of Speaker/Deputy Speaker/ Deputy Chairman: Parliament elects Lok Sabha’s Speaker & Deputy Speaker and Rajya Sabha’s Deputy Chairman.
- 42. AMMENDMENT OF THECONSTITUTION • Both the Houses of Parliament can amend the Constitution. • 2/3rd of the total number of members of each House should approve the amendment. • In some amendments, approval of half of the Legislative Assemblies of States is also required.
- 43. CONTROL OVER EXECUTIVE •Interpellation: During Question Hour & Zero Hour the Government has to answer all the question related to public importance. • Vote of No Confidence: If a Government acts against the Constitution then a Vote of No Confidence is passed against the PM. In such case, the entire Ministry has to resign. • Adjournment Motion: Motion of adjournment is aimed at censuring the acts of omission and commission of the Ministers. • Other Motions of Censure: Parliament controls the Government by passing other motions like Motion of Censure, rejection of a Government Bill etc. • Monetary Controls: Parliament keeps a check on the public money spent by the Government. And it can pass cut motion, if required.
- 44. SPECIAL POWERS OFRAJYA SABHA • Make laws on a State Subject: Rajya Sabha can makes laws on subjects mentioned in State List during Proclamation of Emergency, Majority proposes that the subject is of National Importance, when two or more states requests the Rajya Sabha to handle the subject. Lok Sabha has no such authority in such matters. • Creation of new All-India Services: Rajya Sabha can declare the creation of new All-India Services be made in the national interest. Lok Sabha has no such authority. • If Lok Sabha is dissolved before of after the declaration of the National Emergency, then Rajya Sabha becomes the sole de facto and de jure Parliament i.e. it takes over all the functions of Parliament. • Rajya Sabha is a permanent House as it cant be dissolved. 1/3rd of the total number of members retire after every two year.
- 45. SPECIAL POWERS OFLOK SABHA •Money Bills can only be introduced in Lok Sabha. It is sent to Rajya Sabha where it can be deliberated/check on for upto 14 days. •Motions of No Confidence against the Government can only be introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha. Rajya Sabha has no such power over the Executive. •In case of a deadlock between the two Houses over a non-financial (ordinary) bill, the will of the Lok Sabha prevails as its strength is more than double that of Rajya Sabha.
- 46. CONCLUSION India has parliamentmade up of the Lok sabha, Rajya sabha and The President. The future of the nation lies within their dicisions. The 545 member of lok sabha, 250 of rajya sabha, the president, the prime ministers and the council of ministers are representatives of people of different states. And we citizens of India are the “Keepers of Democracy”. Hereby my Project on “THE UNION PARLIAMENT” comes to an end. Any Queries can be mentioned in the questionnaire.
- 47. QUESTIONNAIRE • [THE PPTWAS MADE BEFORE THE NEW SPEAKER FOR LOK SABHA WAS ELECTED]