Unit 01 An Introduction to Landscape Architecture

[ LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ]
A PRESENTATION BY AR. GEEVA CHANDANA | 1

UNIT01
INTRODUCTION
landscape architecture,
ecology,
ecological balance,
landscape conservation,
reclamation and
landscaping of derelict
lands,
environmental impact
assessment.
UNIT02
ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURE AND
LANDSCAPE DESIGN
land elements, land form
plants and planting, water,
lighting etc. characteristics
and classification of plant
materials, basic principles of
landscape design; Factors to
be considered, Use and
application of plant materials
in landscape design, and
other components involved
UNIT03
HISTORY OF LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURE
Eastern, Central and Western
traditions; Ancient Heritage -
Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece,
Rome; Western Civilization –
Europe: Italy, France, and
England; The middle-east -
The Persian tradition and its
far reaching influence Eastern
Civilization: China and Japan
Ancient and medieval period
in India; Mughal and Rajput
Landscapes and study of
contemporary landscape
architecture
UNIT04
UNIT05
URBAN LANDSCAPE
Basic principles and
elements of Urban
landscape, Significance of
landscape in urban areas,
introduction to street
furniture, road landscaping,
waterfront development,
landscaping of residential
areas, Industrial
Landscaping.
LANDSCAPE EXERCISE
Landscape design of a
neighborhood open space
(area of 2000 to 3000 sq.
meters)
OVERVIEW

ASSIGNMENT
[ Stage-wise assessment of the final assignment ]
LANDSCAPING OF AN OPEN SPACE OF 2000 – 3000SQM IN YOUR THESIS PROJECT
Assignment Part 01 : Case Study of Landscape Project
Assignment Part 02 : Concept + Planting Scheme
Assignment Part 03 : Material Scheme + Furniture Scheme
Assignment Part 04 : Lighting Scheme + Grading and Drainage
Assignment Part 05 : Comprehensive Landscape Development Plan (CLDP)

[ What ---------------------- Why ------------------ Where -------------------- How ]

LANDSCAPE LANDSCAPING LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
LANDSCAPE is a section or
expansion of rural scenery, usually
extensive, that can be seen from a
single view point.
LANDSCAPPING is a development of
outdoor space to provide various
amenities, privacy, comfort, beauty and
ease of maintenance.
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE is the design of
outdoor public areas, landmarks, and structures to
achieve environmental, social behavioral, or
aesthetic outcomes.

WHAT IS LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE?
• Landscape architecture is the study and practice of designing
environments (outdoors & indoors) of varying scale that
encompasses elements of art, environment, architecture,
engineering, and sociology.
• Landscape architects are involved in the designing of spaces that
“creates and enables life between the buildings”.
• The involvement of landscape architects can be seen in streets,
roads, shared paths, housing estates, apartment compounds,
shopping malls, squares, plazas, gardens, pocket parks,
playgrounds, cemeteries, memorials, museums, schools, universities,
transport networks, regional parks, national parks, forests,
waterways and across towns, cities and countries.
• Landscape architects often go beyond design creating frameworks
and policies for place and city shaping that enable citizens and
government to create better places for all.

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT?
• Landscape architects analyze, plan, design, manage,
and nurture the built and natural environments.
• Landscape architects have a significant impact on
communities and quality of life.
• They design parks, campuses, streetscapes, trails,
plazas, and other projects that help define a
community.

WHY DO YOU NEED LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE?
• To make good spaces.
• To achieve environmental, social behavioral, or
aesthetic outcomes.
• to provide various amenities, privacy, comfort, beauty
and ease of maintenance.
• To make one site visually aesthetic.
• To design the site with more natural aspects.
• To make the site more comfortable.
• Restore environmental aspects via designing.
• Maintaining own characteristics of the site.
• To keep natural elements & decorate them.
Quality landscape architectural design and
implementation also improve the quality of life for our
people and visitors.

The external environment has a significant effect on the way
people live, which is determined by natural conditions,
anthropogenic factors, the density of urban constructions, and
the size of vegetation areas. The increasing number of
buildings in a city, reduction of vegetation areas and the use
of microclimate warm building and ground surface materials
affect the conditions of in urban spaces, which can influence
the use of outdoor space.
Elements of landscape is one of important indicators that
have direct affections of Pedestrian satisfaction level with the
thermal environment, Landscape design is the holistic
process of shaping the natural and built environment to
create desirable places for people to live, play and work
and conditions for vegetation.

LANDSCAPE AS A TOOL TO ENHANCE HUMAN COMFORT

Landscape Architecture as a tool used by man to connect with nature.

Landscape Architecture as an important element in any urban design and development.

Landscape Architecture as a key element in all the famous historical monuments. [ creating balance between nature and built form]

Landscape Architecture as a key element in all the successful urban streets.

Landscape Architecture for aesthetics in French Garden.

Landscape Architecture to reflect culture and traditions in Chinese and Japanese Gardens.

Landscape Architecture to serve philosophies and geometry in Mughal Gardens and Persian Gardens.

Landscape Architecture to symbolise power and authority in colonial architecture in India.

WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE?
• Vegetation – Plants and Planting
• Land Forms
• Sculptures and Water Bodies
• Pavement Materials
• Site Amenities and street furniture
• Lighting
• Signage

FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN LANDSCAPE DESIGN
Create a balance between building and site. Don’t use landscape to fill the dead ends / spill over spaces.

Consider maintenance parameters before designing.

Consider canopy, height, species before selecting the plant species.

Understand the site topography and grading.

Planting can be used to enhance privacy at the same time shouldn’t block the view of / from your building.

Think holistically when developing any site. Landscape design can be used as a solution for many site problems.

LANDSCAPE AS A TOOL TO REVITALIZE INFRASTRUCTURAL VOIDS / UNDERUTILIZED SPACES

LANDSCAPE TO HELP ECOLOGICAL BALANCE, ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION

LANDSCAPE AS A BREATHABLE SPACE IN HIGHLY DENSE URBAN AREAS

LANDSCAPE AS A TOOL TO NARRATE HISTORY / STORY / PHILOSOPHY

LANDSCAPE FOR SUCCESSFUL URBAN DESIGN – CREATE INTERACTIVE SPACES – BRIDGE GAP BETWEEN MAN AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT

LANDSCAPE AS HEALING SPACES, INFILTRATION AREAS

LANDSCAPE AS AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT IN STREETSCAPING

LANDSCAPE AS A MAJOR ELEMENT IN RECREATION / REJUVINATION

LANDSCAPE TO ENHANCE PUBLIC
INTERACTION

LANDSCAPE IN URBAN FARMING

LANDSCAPE IN VERTICAL GARDENS TO REDUCE SOLAR HEAT GAIN

INTERLACE, SINGAPORE

BOSCO VERTICALE, MILAN, ITALY

WINDMILLS OF YOUR MIND, BENGALURU

OASIA HOTEL, SINGAPORE

LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION
• Landscape conservation is a rapidly growing practice of
people working together across large geographies,
regardless of political boundaries, to conserve natural and
cultural heritage and ensure a sustainable future for both
people and nature.
• Landscape conservation are long-term efforts
characterized by a focus on:
1. conservation of healthy ecological systems;
2. use of sustainable and culturally sensitive conservation
planning;
3. collaborative network structure; and
4. meaningful multi-sector stakeholder engagement.

THROUGH TERRACED FARMING TO PREVENT SOIL EROSION, CROP ROTATION TO MAINTAIN SOIL NUTRITIONS, MULCHING TO RETAIN MOISTURE

THROUGH WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, RAINWATER HARVESTING, STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

THROUGH LANDUSE PLANNING

LAND RECLAIMATION AND LANDSCAPING OF DERELICT LANDS
• Derelict land is taken as being any land so damaged by
industrial or other development, including the working of
minerals, that it is not capable of further use without
treatment; in other words it is land that has been used, then
left in an unserviceable state.
• The two aspects - reclamation and prevention — require
different approaches.
• Reclamation generally calls for direct action by the public
sector, while the prevention of further dereliction from
mineral and other activities is achieved by conditions
imposed on planning consents given to land owners and
private companies for mineral operations and industrial
development.

LAND RECLAIMATION AND LANDSCAPING OF DERELICT LANDS

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
• EIA can be defined as the study to predict the effect of a
proposed activity/project on the environment.
• EIA compares various alternatives for a project and seeks to
identify the one which represents the best combination of
economic and environmental costs and benefits.
• EIA integrates the environmental concerns in the
developmental activities right at the time of initiating for
preparing the feasibility report. It enables the integration
of environmental concerns and mitigation measures in
project development.
• EIA can often prevent future liabilities or expensive
alterations in project design.
Proposal Identification
Screening
Initial Environmental
Examination
No EIAEIA Required
Flowchart showing EIA Process

EIA Report
Review
EIA Required
Scoping
Impact Analysis
MITIGATION &
IMPACT
MANAGEMENT
Decision
Making
Approved Not Approved
Redesign
Resubmit
Implementation & Follow
up
Information from this Process contribute
to Effective Future EIA
Public
Involvement
Public
Involvement
Public involvement
typically occurs at
this stage it could
occur at any other
stage of the EIA
process
Flowchart showing EIA Cycle and Procedure

Sample EIA report.

Unit 01 An Introduction to Landscape Architecture

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Unit 01 An Introduction to Landscape Architecture