UNIT-1-INTRODUCTION- MECHATRONICS-ENGGINERING
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The document provides an overview of mechatronics, defining it as the integration of mechanics, electronics, and computer technology to enhance products and systems. It discusses the historical development of mechatronics from the 1960s to present applications in various fields, including robotics, automotive electronics, and consumer products. Additionally, it covers the advantages and disadvantages of mechatronics systems, types of control systems, and the need for mechatronics in modern engineering.
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UNIT-1-INTRODUCTION- MECHATRONICS-ENGGINERING
- 1. 20ME702 - MECHATRONICS UNIT-1 INTRODUCTION Prepared by S.Chandra Kumar AP/MECHANICAL Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology
- 2. INTRODUCTION 1969 -The ‘mechatronics’ word introduced by Tessturo Mori. E was a senior engineer of Japanese company Yaskawa Electric Corporation. 1971 – the company was granted the trademark rights on the word. 1970- 80- mostly the servo technology is used in mechatronics 1981-90-IT introduced. Microprocessors were embedded in Mechanical system.
- 3. 1991 -2000 – Communication technology was added. Remote operation and robotics were developed . 1996 – 1st journal IEEE on mechatronics was released. After 2000, finds application in aerospace, defence, bio- mechanics, automotive electronics, banking(ATM) etc.,
- 4. DEFINITION Mechatronics is “ the synergistic integration of mechanics and mechanical engineering, Electronics, computer technology, and IT to produce or enhance products and system” MECHA- Mechanism TRONICS - Electronics
- 6. Elements of mechatronics system Actuators and sensors Signals and conditioning Digital logic systems Software and data acquisition systems Computers and display devices
- 7. Elements of mechatronics system Actuators and sensors Actuators – pneumatic & Hydraulic actuator, electromechanical actuators, electrical motor such as DC motor, AC motor, stepper motor, servo motor & piezo electric actuators Sensors – linear and rotational sensor, acceleration sensor, force, torque and pressure sensor, temperature sensor, proximity sensors, light sensors Signals and conditioning Two types: input and output Input signal conditioning devices: discrete circuits, amplifiers, analog to digital(A/D) convertors, Digital to Analog (D/A) convertors. Output signal conditioning devices: amplifiers, Digital to Analog (D/A) convertors, display decoders (DD)
- 8. Elements of mechatronics system Digital logic systems Logic circuits, micro controllers, programmable logic controllers(PLC), sequencing and timing controls, control algorithm. Software and data acquisition systems Data logger, computer with plug in boards Computers and display devices LED, CRT, LCD, digital displays etc.,
- 9. Examples of mechatronics systems NC and CNC machine tools, flexible manufacturing system, Prototyping & robots Photo copiers, laser printers & fax machines Automatic washing machines automatic ovens, modern sewing machine Automatic teller machine (ATM) Coin counter Automatic/digital camera, digital watch CT scan system, automatic blood testing equipment Automatic sliding door
- 10. Advantages of Mechatronics systems Cost effective and good quality products High degree of flexibility to modify or redesign Very good performance characteristics Wide area of applications Greater productivity in case of manufacturing organization Possibility or remote controlling as well as centralized monitoring and control Greater extend of machine utilization
- 11. Disadvantages of Mechatronics systems High initial cost Multi-disciplinary engineering background required to design and implementation Need of highly trained workers Complexity in identification and correction of problem in the system
- 12. TYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEM Open loop control system Closed loop or feedback control system
- 13. System
- 14. Open loop control system Open loop system are systems in which the output of a system is not used as a variable to control the system.
- 15. Element of open loop control systems Bread toaster (open loop ) control system Amplifier is a device amplifies the low level signal to the controller EXAMPLE OF OPEN LOOP:
- 16. ADVANTAGES Its simple and cost effective construction Easy maintenance, because no complex circuits. Good stability Good reliability Response quickly No Calibration is involved More convinent
- 17. DIS-ADVANTAGES It is Less accuruate Presence of non-linearity causes malfunctining Slow because of manual control Optimisation control is not possible System affected by internal and external disturbance
- 18. Closed loop control system Closed loop system uses on a feed back loop to control the operation of the system.
- 19. Room heating (Closed loop) control system EXAMPLE OF CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM: ROOM HEATING SYSTEM
- 20. ADVANTAGES AND DIS ADVANTAGES Appropriate sensor, greater stability. Better repetability. Task faster than open loop. Good reliability. Closed loop complicated in construction. Cost is higher. Sometimes closed loop system is unstable.
- 21. Open loop system It does not uses feedback It is less accurate It is simple in construction Presence of non-linearity causes malfunctioning The response is slow because manual control Easy maintenance because of no complex electronic circuit Cost is less Closed loop system It uses feedback system It is more accurate It is complicated in construction It perform accurately even in presence of non- linearity It perform task faster than open loop It is difficult to maintain and repair Cost is more
- 22. Measurement system Liquid level measurement system Example of measurement system: Digital liquid level measuring system.
- 23. Cooling level control system Steering control system of an automobile CONTROL SYSTEMS
- 24. AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS A control system refers to a group of physical component connected or related in such a manner as to command direct or regulate itself or another system.
- 25. Temperature and blood pressure control system of human body
- 26. Automatic tank level control system
- 27. SEQUENTIAL CONTROL SYSTEM A sequential control involve sequential execution of well defined operations.( particular order) Each operation or activity called step.
- 28. EXAMPLE: The working of modern automatic washing machine Step 1 : pre-wash cycle Step 2: main wash cycle Step 3: rinse (WATER DIP) cycle Step 4: spin cycle
- 29. 1) PRE WASH CYCLE: Electrically operated valve opens to allow cold water to fill in drum Level sensor is check the required water Water level reaches , sensor signal to micro controller to switch off the water supply Washing takes place. 2) MAIN WASH CYCLE: Once again the pre wash cycle takes place to fill the water After filling the water Micro processor activates the switch to electric heater to heat the water in the main wash. Temperature sensor is used to measure the required heat. Motor drum finally comes to a slow speed and switched off
- 30. 3) RINSE CYCLE: Main wash completed, microprocessor output to the rinse cycle and allow to fill cold water Drum motor is rotated the drum and drain pump is operate to drain the water. 4) SPIN CYCLE: Micro processor switches on the drum motor and it is signal to rotate the drum higher speed than the Rinse cycle.
- 31. Block diagram of automatic washing machine system
- 32. EXAMPLE OF MICRO PROCESSOR CONTROL SYSTEM AUTOMATIC FILM CAMERA: Automatic flim camera features of automatic focusing and exposure Basic elements of the micro processor based control.
- 33. Elements of control system for an automatic camera
- 34. Concept of mechatronics approach
- 35. Emerging(growth) area of mechatronics Machine vision Automation and robotics Development of unmanned vehicles Design of subsystem for automotive engineering Sensing and control system Operation and maintenance of CNC machine Expert system and artificial intelligence Industrial electronics and consumer products Medical mechatronics and medical imaging systems Micro/nano mechatronics Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) system
- 36. Need for mechatronics 1. Dynamic market conditions CHANGING THE COMPONENTS RESPECT TO MARKET STITUATIONS) 2. Producing next generation products Advanced technology from wired to wireless 3. Integration of modern technologies in products New technolgies are integrated with new one ( Tractor- with gps, radar,etc,.) 4. Variety in product ranges Variations in shape size, colour, peformance,based on customer likes and dislikes
- 37. 5. Batch production runs Batch production in a industry producing products 6. Change in design perspective inter discliplinary problems ( If the problem arises in mechanical , the electrical engineers are available??) In the mechatronics we are having all the fields 7. Product quality and consistency maintaining and product quality, and producing consistently 8. Ease of reconfiguration of the process Flexibility takes place in the mechatronics system 9. Demand for increased flexibility Due to flexibility CNC, FMS , AGV are the advanced applications of mechatronics
- 39. CLASSIFICATION OF MECHATRONICS SYSTEM Based on the technology incorporated and product features classified In to four categories: CLASS-I Primary mechanical products with electronics NC machines CLASS-II Tradational mechanical system updated with internal devices with electronics Modern sewing machine CLASS-III Mechanical system , but internal mechanical system replaced by electronics Digital watch, Automatic camera
- 40. CLASS-IV Products are designed with mechanical and electrical technology through synergistic combination Photo copiers, Intelligent washers and dryers, automatic ovens