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UNIT 3.- THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
- 2. IT IS AFAST AND DEEP CHANGE THAT AFFECTS THE STRUCTURES OF A SOCIETY. MOREOVER ACCELERATES THE HISTORICAL TRANSFORMATIONS THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WAS THE CHANGE FROM AN AGRARIAN AND HANDICRAFT ECONOMY TO ONE MARKED BY THE INDUSTRY . IT BEGAN IN ENGLAND IN THE MID-EIGHTEENTH CENTURY (1750) AND LATER EXPANDED FOR MANY COUNTRIES IN EUROPE, USA AND JAPAN IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.
- 3. POLITIC SITUATION: --Survival of the Old Regime that hindered the development Industrial, except in England was the first country to introduce liberal ideas. -- Absolute monarchy that did not invest in industry. Only in luxury industries The king only made absolutist laws that sought the advancement of society. high taxes on the bourgeoisie, not the nobility (this hampers investment).
- 4. ECONOMIC SITUATION: --¾ of the population is engaged in agriculture. Subsistence farming that there wasn`t surplus to trade. Human and animal energy resources. -- Guilds still existed. These were artisanal, just invested capital for development. Used a very rudimentary equipment and tools. There was little specialization of labor. -- Trade: was just important long distance trade of luxury goods for the rich. Domestic trade was a disaster (bad communications, customs, etc)
- 5. SOCIAL SITUATION: --Most of the population were landless peasants who worked for a gentleman or a bourgeois in estates and their conditions were miserable. -- The cities were not yet important, most of the population lived in villages. -- The birth rate was very high and also mortality, so the population didn`t grew. There were many deaths due to poor development of medicine, hygiene and famine.
- 6. DOMESTIC SYSTEM PUTTINGOUT SYSTEM FACTORY SYSTEM
- 7. OPENFIELDS ENCLOSURES OPENFIELD ENCLOSURE ENCLOSURE ACTS “BARBECHO” NORFOLK SYSTEM
- 8. TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS: PLANTER,HARVESTER, THRESHER NEW FERTILIZERS. SELECTIVE BREEDING CATTLE: DAILY MEAT CONSUMPTION.
- 9. INCREASED PRODUCTION FOOD SURPLUS IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD ECONOMIC BENEFITS REDUCTION IN MORTALITY SURPLUS LABOR FIELD PEASANT EMIGRATED O THE CITIES FOR WORK AS A INDUSTRIAL WORKERS IN THE NEW FACTORIES
- 11. BIRTH RATE MORTALITY RATE 1.- IMPROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION 2.- IMPROVED HYGIENE: SEWER, TOILET ... 3. IMPROVEMENTS IN MEDICINE: VACCINES 4. END OF EPIDEMIC 5. PERIOD WITHOUT WAR 1. BROADER MARKET 2. ABUNDANT WORKING HAND WORK LIFE EXPECTANCY: FROM 38 YEARS TO 55 YEARS
- 14. IMPORTANCE AND PRESTIGEFOR TECHNICAL DEGREES HUMAN STRENGTH POWER ANIMAL HYDRAULIC POWER STEAM ENGINE INVENTED BY JAMES WATT FACTORY SYSTEM DIVISION Y EXPERTISE
- 15. IT WAS THEPIONEERING INDUSTRY. WHY? DEMAND FOR CLOTHES NEW POPULATION LARGE COLONY FABRICS AT LOW PRICES SPINNING TEXTILE INDUSTRY TWO PROCESSES WEAVING MAIN TECHNICALS INNOVATIONS 1765: HARGREAVES– SPINNING JENNY 1767: ARKWRIGHT– WATER FRAME 1779: CROMPTON– MULE JENNY 1733: KAY– SHUTTLE WHEEL 1785: CARTWRIGHT– MECHANICAL LOOM
- 16. SHUTTLE WHEEL MANUALLOOM MECHANICAL LOOM SPINNING JENNY WATER FRAME MULE JENNY
- 17. CHART OF INDUSTRIALGROWTH IN TEXTILE SECTOR DUE TO NEW TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS.
- 18. IT WAS ANOTHERPIONEERING INDUSTRY. ¿WHY? NEW TOOLS NEW MACHINES RAILWAY MAIN TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS IN THE STEEL INDUSTRY PUDDLE TECHNIC FOR IRON BY HENRY CORT BESSEMER CONVERTER
- 19. IT IS IMPORTANTTO HAVE A GOOD COMMUNICATION NETWORK ENGLAND HAS AN APPROPRIATE RELIEF: PAVED ROADS. INTENSE RAINFALL ARE DOING THEIR RIVERS WATERWAY INVENTION OF RAILWAY. THE RAILWAY WAGONS USED TO TRANSPORT COAL STEPHENSON INVENTED THE STEAM LOCOMOTIVE WAGON + LOCOMOTIVE RAILWAY CONSEQUENCES REDUCTION IN TIME TRAVEL LOWER COSTS PRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL GROWTH AND TRADE
- 20.
- 21. STEAM BOAT SAILINGBOAT STEAM BOAT
- 28. CREATE A NEWCOMPANY BUY NEW EQUIPMENT EXPANDING COMPANY ASK FOR MONEY TO FAMILY ASK FOR MONEY TO BANKS TO CREATE AN ANONYMOUS SOCIETY HOW? ANONYMOUS SOCIETY OPERATION OF A BANK BANKS COMPANIES SAVERS SAVERS KEEP THE MONEY IN THE BANK IN EXCHANGE FOR INTERESTS. THE BANK LEND MONEY TO COMPANIES IN EXCHANGE FOR INTERESTS.
- 30. CHRONOLOGY: FROM 1870TO 1914 BRITAIN LOSES HIS ROLE ELECTRICITY OIL • VOLTE INVENTED THE BATTERY • GRAMME INVENTED THE DYNAMO • EDISON INVENTED THE LIGHT BULB • FIRST POWER PLANTS PHONE, TELEGRAPH,RADIO SUBWAY Y TRAM LIGHTING HOUSES AND STREETS COMBUSTION ENGINE (BENZ) EXPLOSION ENGINE( DIESEL) GASOLINE, DIESEL AND KEROSENE IMPORTANCE IN THE AUTOMOTIVE
- 31. THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY - DYE - EXPLOSIVES - FERTILIZERS - MEDICINES --CAUCHO --ETC NEW STEEL INDUSTRY -- NICKEL -- STAINLESS STEEL -- ALUMINUM THE FOOD INDUSTRY -- CANS -- INDUSTRIAL FRIDGES
- 35. TAYLORISM FORDISM EXPERTISEAND DIVISION OF LABOR TIMING TIME QUANTITY PRODUCTION CHAIN ASSEMBLY TAYLOR FORD
- 37. ESTATE SOCIETY CLASSSOCIETY -- END OF THE PRIVILEGES -- LEGAL EQUALITY -- SAME RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS -- BASED ON THE WEALTH
- 38. WORKERS HOUSING BOURGEOISEHOUSING
- 39. DEFINITION: INITIATIVES UNDERTAKENBY THE WORKERS TRYING TO IMPROVE THEIR LIVING CONDITIONS. CAME IN INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES MORE LUDDITE --DESTRUCTION MACHINES CHARTISM TRADE UNIONS FRIENDLY SOCIETIES FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS FOR MUTUAL AID WORKERS. UNEMPLOYMENT, SICKNESS OR WIDOWHOOD