Unit 4

Unit 4

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  Unit 4: Pre-ProductionPortfolio 1.) The requirements of a moving image production Financing/Personnel Financing is one of the most important parts in making a film because you must consider a lot of this such as:  Hiring the right crew members  Hiring the right actors (big movie stars if you a Hollywood film)  Getting the right equipment  Getting props and costumes that go with you film  Transport to the locations needed  Clearances budgets (use of sound tracks)  Faculties may need to be bought Film industries have put so much money into movies for example Hollywood put $356 million to make “Avengers: Endgame” in 2019 and that doesn’t include the marketing, the marketing cost on average was $200 million. This makes the average cost to make a film in 2019 $555 million and this is to make a Hollywood film Getting the right crew like cameramen, someone controlling the lights, people doing the costumes, people dong props, people doing hair and makeup and that will cost a lot of money and that’s not including buying the equipment like the camera, the props the clothes to make up the costumes and getting hair and makeup products and maybe even wigs will cost you even more money. If you want to get big star actors like will smith will cost at least 100 million to get him in your film. Timescale Making films you have to take into consideration how you are getting to place and how long it will take to get there. You also have to think about how long you have locations haired for, how long the actors
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  have and youhave to bear in mind the weather because if you don’t think about all of these things a lot of things will go wrong like you take too long shooting an actors scene and you run out of time they will leave and not come back or they can change their mind and leave but if you shoot all of the actors scenes at once then you can get them out of the way and if they do change their mind then at least you footage of that actor as back up. If you take too long to film at a location the people that own that location will kick you out or up the area and then you will need to change plans and if you take too long to get to the location and take too long to setting up the scene then you will lose verbal time and you need all the time you can get to shoot the scenes. I Jaws the producer did not take in to consideration how long it will take didn’t think about people getting sea sick or the fact the cameras can get wet and break so if the film didn’t do as good as it did the producer would have been in a lot of debit because he took longer to film then he was supposed to. Facilities/equipment You will need to think about what equipment you will need like cameras, tri-pods, dollies, drones, a boom mic and lighting the reason you have to think about all this is because if you don’t then you could lose out in getting the good equipment that you will need to make a decent film and if don’t then your cameramen could be stood there for hours with a really heavy camera and it could doing that and if you don’t think about the lighting then you might not have the lighting you need to fill a specific scene then it isn’t going to look as good as you want to and you may not be able to see what is going on. If you don’t think about the facilities, you need then the people who are editing for you will not have anywhere to work and you will not be able to sit next to them and tell them how you want your film edited and there will miss communication between editors.
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  Locations If you don’tthink about the locations you want to film at when doing pre-production the you will have to franticly look for somewhere that will match the genre of your film then you have the problem of running into hiring cost and when you go to hair the location it may be taken on the date you want to hair it for and that will make a lot of problems for you like travel cost and trying to get your actor booked in for then date and even then the actor may not be available for that date. Additional material When doing per-production you need to consider what your target audience is going to be as because if you say you want to do a film for 13 and younger then you don’t want to make a horror film otherwise it will not be screened as the target age you want it will be given a higher rating. You will also need to think about health and safety to minimalize the risk of someone getting hurt and you need to think about what your film is going to be about and what genre you want it to be as you will want to know so you can plan your locations around that. If you get copy right material you will need to document where you got it from, when you got it and how you got it. Codes of practice and regulations Codes of practice and regulation is important when planning because if you must think about of health and safety procedure such as going through the locations with the crew and actors and filling a the paperwork needed and so that the crew and actors know about the risks and know to be aware of them when shooting the scenes for
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  the film. Thenyou must fill out the forms (paperwork) to says that the owners of the location say its ok for you to shoot there you also need to check and obtain the permissions to use copyright material such as music you will have to go to the people who own its and fill out more paperwork to say that you can use that material otherwise if you don’t the people who own the copyright material could sue you for money and that would put a big financial problem on your back and that make another thing for you to worry about. You will then need to start thinking about the involvement of trade unions like do they get the last say of what the film is like. When filming you need to adhere to the codes of practice and regulations because if you don’t then a lot of people could get hurt or maybe you try to get people to work more hours and they sue for it or could even get arrested for it and then no one will trust you enough to work with you again as you don’t treat people right and that would you in one big money problem so its best you just adhere to the code of practice and regulations. 2.) The formats for per-production process The Proposal The proposal sums up what your film is about and gives key information such as the key information on characters, a short brief of the story line, who the target audience is going to be and a sum up of the structure of the narrative. The proposal also helps people who are going to fund this project get a better understanding of what the film is going to be so they then can judge if the film will make money and is it worth putting money towards or not, it also gives the crew members and actors get a better understanding of what they are doing and what they need to do. Scripting: Master scene script A master scene script is what you call a script but the reason its called a master scene script is because if you don’t do it in the right
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  format or theright font or the right font size then producer won’t even look at it and won’t produce the film for you at all. The master scene script is set out specific way so that when producers look at it they will be able to understand it, will be able to judge how long the film will be (the font size helps this) as normally one page in a master scene script is about 1 minute long. Scripting: Shooting script Shooting scripts are used during the production and this is will include angle shoots, scene members and editing transitions it may also include have any useful information that the director may find useful it will also be in a lot more detail then the master scene script will be this is so the cameramen knows what camera angles to take and so he can follow along better get better shots. The difference in a master scene script and a shooting script is that the master scene script is easier to understand then the shooting script and the master scene script will be easier to sell to people since it is easier to understand. Storyboarding A storyboard is where you draw the scenes out this is to help visualize what each scene is going to look like and with also help editors know what scene is first and who to edit them and not only that but give the cameraman an even bigger understand of what shots are need and when it also help the director tell people what to do and where to stand in the scene this also helps the directors and the cinematographers to visualize the scenes this way they can see if there is any problems with the scenes and if there is then they can fix the problem straight away.
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  Shooting schedules A shootingschedule is where you plan out when and where you are going to shoot what scene and it won’t be in order of first scene in the film this helps because if you have booked a specific location for a specific time but that location will show half way through the movie so but you will have to shoot all the scenes in that location as fast as possible and you. Shooting schedules also help with actors because if you have an actor booked for so many days you will then need to try and shoot all their scenes, so you don’t have to worry about needed them to come back or about not being able to finish on time. The shooting schedule is made so you can organize what you are going to shoot each day more efficiently. A shooting schedule is essential for a smooth and efficient shoot. Other paperwork The paperwork you have to do are:  Location release forms – to formalize permissions to use locations owned by other people  Location scouting templates – to collect relevant information about shooting locations  Risk assessment – to collect relevant information about potential risks relating to shooting  Sound templates – to chart where sound may be used  Copyright clearances – to collate any rights issues that have been actioned  Contracts – for the actors and crew members this may contain something to do with not leaking information about the film to any one or to social media
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  3.) The functionsof pre-production The functions of pre-production are so that you can revised, amended and improved for example scripts can go through many different drafts and will through changes until everyone is satisfied with the results of the scripts, you can also tweak your original film idea likewise visual ideas may be used the dropped (e.g. costume/set design), locations may be considered then discontinued. This allows for collaboration and it allows you to weight the up pros and cons of each idea. This also allows you to amend the timescales and budgets based on the requirements of the project. For example, the producers of the film The Predator changed what the predator looked like they did this because the look of the predator did not look right it looked stupid so they changed it so that it looked scary and actually fits into the film better. 4.) The purpose of pre-production The purpose of pre-production is so the producers can make sure that what they are planning to produce adheres to the codes of practices, laws and regulations that govern and control their industry. Producers have to do pre-production for legal reasons such as:  Health and safety procedures and paperwork in place  Permissions in place for the use of copyrighted material  Permissions in place for the use of privately owned locations  Permissions in place in form of contracts for those appearing in work  Public Liability -Public liability is another legal requirement for companies and organizations who are involved in creative media production, particularly when they are recording location where members of the public may be at risk from the production activities
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  Compliance audits Organizations haveto do a pre-production because of the compliance audit, compliance audit is where independent consultants evaluate the strength and thoroughness of compliance preparations, they also review security polices, user access controls and risk management procedures over the course of a compliance audit. It is essential to do a thorough pre-production to adhere to any legal responsibilities in the event of such an audit. Consideration of wider guidelines/regulatory bodies The BBFC The BBFC is UK’s of film and video, providing age ratings to film materials. They have the power to rate films and sometimes cut or even reject works. All decisions are based on a public consultation and our guidelines. The guidelines, which form a contract between the public, the film industry and the BBFC. Pre-production decisions may be influenced by what you want the target audience and what envisaged certificate requirements Sharing information Film productions often share information that include a large list of cast and crew that are involved. Effective pre- production and thorough and organized records allows sharing of information easier this also allows other relevant parties to be able to be involved and allows working together more efficiently