Unit Testing from Setup to Deployment

Unit Testing from
Setup to Deployment
Mark Niebergall

Thank You!
• Entrata - Venue, Food

• JetBrains - 1 free license

• Platform.sh - Zoom

https://analyze.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/441-1170x500.jpg

Objective
• Be familiar with how to setup PHPUnit

• Familiar with how to test existing code

• Know how to write unit tests using PHPUnit with
Prophecy

• Convince team and management to leverage automated
testing

Overview
• Bene
fi
ts of Unit Testing

• PHPUnit Setup

• Writing Unit Tests

• Testing Existing Code

Bene
fi
ts of Unit Testing
public static function add($a, $b)
{
return $a + $b;
}

Bene
fi
ts of Unit Testing
public static function add($a, $b)
{
return $a + $b;
}
public function add(float ...$numbers): float
{
$return = 0;
foreach ($numbers as $value) {
$return = bcadd(
(string) $return,
(string) $value,
10
);
}
return (float) $return;
}

Bene
fi
ts of Unit Testing
http://www.ambysoft.com/artwork/comparingTechniques.jpg

Bene
fi
ts of Unit Testing
• Automated way to test code

- Regression Testing

Bene
fi
ts of Unit Testing

- Continuous Integration

- Continuous Deployment

Bene
fi
ts of Unit Testing

- Other ways to automatically test code beside functional
tests

‣ Behavioral tests (behat)

‣ phpspec (functional)

‣ Selenium (browser automation)

‣ Others?

Bene
fi
ts of Unit Testing
• Decrease bugs introduced with code

- Decreased time to deployment

- Better use of QA team time

Bene
fi
ts of Unit Testing
• Decrease bugs introduced with code

- High con
fi
dence in delivered code

Bene
fi
ts of Unit Testing
• Con
fi
dence when refactoring

- Tests covering code being refactored

- TDD

‣ Change tests

‣ Tests fail

‣ Change code

‣ Tests pass

PHPUnit Setup
• Install via composer

• Setup `phpunit.xml` for con
fi
guration (if needed)

• Run unit tests

PHPUnit Setup
• phpunit/phpunit

• phpspec/prophecy-phpunit

• fakerphp/faker

PHPUnit Setup
composer require --dev phpunit/phpunit
composer require --dev phpspec/prophecy-phpunit
composer require --dev fakerphp/faker

PHPUnit Setup
• File phpunit.xml

- PHPUnit con
fi
guration for that project

- Documentation: https://phpunit.readthedocs.io/en/9.5/
con
fi
guration.html

 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<phpunit colors="true"
verbose="true"
bootstrap="./tests/Bootstrap.php">
<testsuite name="All Tests">
<directory>./tests</directory>
</testsuite>
</phpunit>

PHPUnit Setup
• Running PHPUnit

 
vendor/bin/phpunit tests/
PHPUnit 9.5.6 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.
Runtime: PHP 8.0.8
Con
fi
guration: /Users/mniebergall/projects/training/phpunit/
phpunit.xml
......... 9 / 9 (100%)
Time: 00:00.032, Memory: 6.00 MB
OK (9 tests, 12 assertions)

PHPUnit Setup
• Running PHPUnit

- Within PhpStorm

PHPUnit Setup
• Directory Structure

- PHP
fi
les in src/

‣ Ex: src/Math/Adder.php

- tests in tests/src/, ‘Test’ at end of
fi
lename

‣ Ex: tests/src/Math/AdderTest.php

Writing Unit Tests
public function add(float ...$numbers): float
{
$return = 0;
foreach ($numbers as $value) {
$return = bcadd(
(string) $return,
(string) $value,
10
);
}
return (float) $return;
}

Writing Unit Tests
use PHPUnitFrameworkTestCase;
class AdderTest extends TestCase
{
protected Adder $adder;
public function setUp(): void
{
$this->adder = new Adder();
}
public function testAdderWithSetup()
{
$sum = $this->adder->add(3, 7);
$this->assertSame(10.0, $sum);
}

Writing Unit Tests
public function testAdderThrowsExceptionWhenNotANumber()
{
$this->expectException(TypeError::class);
$adder = new Adder();
$adder->add(7, 'Can't add this');
}

Writing Unit Tests
public function testAdderAddsIntegers()
{
$sum = $adder->add(7, 3, 5, 5, 6, 4, 1, 9);
}
public function testAdderAddsDecimals()
{
$sum = $adder->add(1.5, 0.5);
}

Writing Unit Tests
/**
* @dataProvider dataProviderNumbers
*/
public function testAdderAddsNumbers(
float $expectedSum,
...$numbers
) {
$sum = $adder->add(...$numbers);
$this->assertSame($expectedSum, $sum);
}
public function dataProviderNumbers(): array
{
return [
[2, 1, 1],
[2, 1.5, 0.5],
];
}

Writing Unit Tests
• Test Coverage

- Percent of code covered by tests

- Not aiming for 100%

- No need to test language constructs

Writing Unit Tests
• Code should be self-contained

- No actual database connections

- No API calls should occur

- No external code should be called

‣ Use testing framework

Writing Unit Tests
• Assertions

$this->assertInstanceOf(Response::class, $response);
$this->assertEquals(200, $response->getStatusCode());
$this->assertSame(401, $responseActual->getStatusCode());
$this->assertTrue($dispatched);
$this->assertFalse($sent);

Writing Unit Tests
• Assertions

$this->expectException(RuntimeException::class);
$this->expectExceptionCode(403);
$this->expectExceptionMessage(‘Configuration not found.');

Writing Unit Tests
• Prophecy

- Mock objects

- Expected method calls

- Reveal object when injecting

use PHPUnitFrameworkTestCase;
use ProphecyPhpUnitProphecyTrait;
class RectangleTest extends TestCase
{
use ProphecyTrait;

Writing Unit Tests
• Prophecy

$adderMock = $this->prophesize(Adder::class);
$multiplierMock = $this->prophesize(Multiplier::class);
$adderMock->add($length, $width)
->shouldBeCalled()
->willReturn(10.34001);
$multiplierMock->multiply(2, 10.34001)
->shouldBeCalled()
->willReturn(20.68002);
$rectangle = new Rectangle(
$length,
$width,
$adderMock->reveal(),
$multiplierMock->reveal()
);

Writing Unit Tests
• Prophecy

$dbMock->fetchRow(Argument::any())
->shouldBeCalled()
->willReturn([]);
$asyncBusMock
->dispatch(
Argument::type(DoSomethingCmd::class),
Argument::type('array')
)
->shouldBeCalled()
->willReturn((new Envelope(new stdClass())));

Testing Existing Code
• Problematic Patterns

- Long and complex functions


- Missing Dependency Injection (DI)

‣ `new Thing();` in functions to be tested


- exit and die

- print_r

- var_dump

- echo

- other outputs in-line


- Database interactions

- Resources


- Out of classes code execution

- Functional code

• Helpful Patterns

- Unit testing promotes good code patterns


- Dependency Injection

- Classes and functions focused on one thing

- Abstraction

- Interfaces

- Clean code


- Code that is SOLID

‣ Single-responsibility: should be open for extension,
but closed for modi
fi
cation

‣ Open-closed: should be open for extension, but
closed for modi
fi
cation

‣ Liskov substitution: in PHP, use interface/abstract

‣ Interface segregation: Many client-speci
fi
c interfaces
are better than one general-purpose interface

‣ Dependency inversion: Depend upon abstractions,
[not] concretions


- KISS

• Test Coverage

- Percent of code covered by tests

- Not aiming for 100%

- No need to test language constructs

- Outputs report in various formats

- Uses Xdebug as driver

class ShapeService
{
public function create(string $shape): int
{
$db = new Db();
return $db->insert('shape', ['shape' => $shape]);
}
public function smsArea(Rectangle $shape, string $toNumber): bool
{
$sms = new Sms([
'api_uri' => 'https://example.com/sms',
'api_key' => 'alkdjfoasifj0392lkdsjf',
]);
$sent = $sms->send($toNumber, 'Area is ' . $shape->area());
(new Logger())
->log('Sms sent to ' . $toNumber . ': Area is ' . $shape->area());
return $sent;
}
}

class ShapeServiceCleanedUp
{
public function __construct(
protected Db $db,
protected Sms $sms
) {}
public function create(string $shape): int
{
return $this->db->insert('shape', ['shape' => $shape]);
}
public function smsArea(ShapeInterface $shape, string $toNumber): bool
{
$area = $shape->area();
return $this->sms->send($toNumber, 'Area is ' . $area);
}

use ProphecyTrait;
protected Generator $faker;
public function setUp(): void
{
$this->faker = Factory::create();
}
public function testCreate()
{
$dbMock = $this->prophesize(Db::class);
$smsMock = $this->prophesize(Sms::class);
$shape = $this->faker->word;
$dbMock->insert('shape', ['shape' => $shape])
->shouldBeCalled()
->willReturn(1);
$shapeServiceCleanedUp = new ShapeServiceCleanedUp(
$dbMock->reveal(),
$smsMock->reveal()
);
$shapeServiceCleanedUp->create($shape);
}

public function testSmsArea()
{
$dbMock = $this->prophesize(Db::class);
$smsMock = $this->prophesize(Sms::class);
$shapeMock = $this->prophesize(ShapeInterface::class);
$area = $this->faker->randomFloat();
$shapeMock->area()
->shouldBeCalled()
->willReturn($area);
$toNumber = $this->faker->phoneNumber;
$smsMock->send($toNumber, 'Area is ' . $area)
->shouldBeCalled()
->willReturn(1);
$shapeServiceCleanedUp = new ShapeServiceCleanedUp(
$dbMock->reveal(),
$smsMock->reveal()
);
$shapeServiceCleanedUp->smsArea(
$shapeMock->reveal(),
$toNumber
);
}

Discussion Items
• Convincing Teammates

• Convincing Management

Discussion Items
• Does unit testing slow development down?

Discussion Items
• “I don’t see the bene
fi
t of unit testing”

Discussion Items
• Unit tests for legacy code

Review
• Bene
fi
ts of Unit Testing

• PHPUnit Setup

• Writing Unit Tests

• Testing Existing Code

Unit Testing from Setup to Deployment
• Questions?

Mark Niebergall @mbniebergall
• PHP since 2005

• Masters degree in MIS

• Senior Software Engineer

• Drug screening project

• Utah PHP Co-Organizer

• CSSLP, SSCP Certi
fi
ed and SME

• Endurance sports, outdoors

References
• https://analyze.co.za/wp-content/uploads/
2018/12/441-1170x500.jpg

• http://www.ambysoft.com/artwork/
comparingTechniques.jpg

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOLID

Unit Testing from Setup to Deployment

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to Unit Testing from Setup to Deployment (20)

More from Mark Niebergall (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Unit Testing from Setup to Deployment