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Unit two safe medicatin administration.pptx
- 1. By Melkie M(BSc, MPH) 1 Unit two: Safe Medication Administration
- 2. Unit Learning objectives 2 Uponcompletion of this unit, you will be able to: Describe safe medication administration Principles for safe medication administration 5Rs for safe medication administration Explain the use of medication chart Identify common contraindication and adverse effect of drug for safe medication administration Identify drug allergy and management
- 3. 2.1. Introduction tosafe medication administration 3 What is safe medication administration? It is the process and practices that the healthcare professionals follow to ensure the patient receive the correct medication in a manner that minimizes the risk of errors and adverse effects.
- 4. 2.1.1. Why safemedication administration? 4 To ensure therapeutic effectiveness: patient receives the intended medication for intended effect To prevent medication error: prevent the patient from preventable risks and adverse effects To uphold ethical and legal responsibility: it is the professional and ethical responsibility of health professionals to protect their patient against any harm To build trust between patient and healthcare staffs
- 5. 2.1.2. Principles tobe followed for safe administration of medications 5 Be vigilant when preparing medications: avoid distractions Check for allergies: always ask patients for allergies, type of reactions and its severity Use two patient identifiers before administration: check the right patient by calling his/her name and DOB and compare it against medical record.
- 6. Principles….. 6 Be diligent inall medication calculations: be sure the correct dose is calculated for the patient Communicate to your patient before and after administration: teach the patient about the medication and ask about the felling and any concerns Avoid workarounds: wait until the medication and prescriptions avail
- 7. Principles…. 7 Always clarifyan order or procedure that is unclear from the prescriber or other health professionals Use electronic recording or prescription system to reduce errors Report all errors and adverse events for analysis and improvement If a patient question/express concerns about a medication stop it and review order or inform the prescriber. Ensure medications are not expired
- 8. Principles cont.…d 8 Ensure the5 rights of medication administration Double check high risk medications (insulin, anticoagulants) Observe patients for adverse effects and ready to intervene if any after medication administration. Adhere policies and protocols to administer medications Update self regularly on the current practices
- 9. 2.3. Five (5)rights of medication administration 9 1. Right patient: always identify the right patient in which the medication is intended to be administered through: Check the patients identification bracelet if any Ask the patient to state their name and date of birth Compare the prescription with the above two Ask the patient and review document about allergy
- 10. 5 rights…. 10 2. Rightmedication Always perform a triple check of the medications label I. When retrieving the medication II. When preparing the medication III. Before administering the medication to the patient Always check the medication label with prescription/order Never administer medications prepared by another person in the absence of him/her Never administer medications that are not labeled
- 11. 5 rights…. 11 3. Rightdose Check label for medication concentration Triple all medication calculations Check prepared dose with prescription/order Check medication calculations with another nurse if any Verify that dosage is within appropriate dosage range for patient
- 12. 5 rights…. 12 4. Righttime Verify schedule of medications with order Check date and specific time Check last dose of medications given to patient on medication sheet/chart Administer medications within 30 minute of schedule
- 13. 5 rights…. 13 5. Rightroute Verify medication root with the order before administering Administer the medication by selecting and preparing the route as ordered. Other rights Right education Right to refuse Right assessment Right evaluation Right documentations
- 14. 2.4 Expiry date 14 Drugexpiration dates reflect the time period during which the product is known to remain stable, which means it retains its strength, quality, and purity when it is stored according to its labeled storage conditions.
- 15. Exp…. 15 The expiry dateusually means that you should not take the medicine after the end of the month given. For example, if the expiry date is June 5, 2025, you should not take the medicine after June 5, 2025 If expiry date is 6/2025 till when can we use the drug? We can use it until the end of June/2025.
- 16. 2.5. Medication chartfor safe administration of medication 16 Medication chart is important for safe administration of medication and continuity of care because: It has information about the patient It has information about the medication order Medication administration records( date and time, signature, patient response) Record and report of any allergy history to medications
- 17. 2.6. Guidelines toreduce medication errors 17 Keep narcotics and psychotropic substances in locked cabinet Use only medications that are in clearly labeled containers If the containers are cloudy/any change don't use/ return it to the pharmacy Prepare the medications for one patient at a time
- 18. Error reduction cont.…d 18 Verify dosage calculations Do not label the medications by patient room number or bed number Do not administer any drug if you do not understand the reason for its use or you have any doubt Know the intended effect, side effect and adverse effect of any medications you intend to administer
- 19. Cont.…. 19 Proper documentation andcommunication of mediation Verify suitability for administration by intended route Continuous education of patients and training of staffs about medication and how to administer safely.
- 20. 2.7 Contraindications andadverse reactions 20 2.7.1. Adverse drug reactions An adverse drug reaction (ADR) can be defined as 'an appreciably unwanted, harmful or unpleasant reaction resulting from an administrations of medications at normal dose. Knowing of the ADR and contra indications is essential to ensure patient safety and to make informed decision about medication.
- 21. ADVERSE…. 21 The most commonADRs are Constipation, nausea +/- vomiting, Fatigue Alopecia Drowsiness Skin reactions Anorexia and diarrhea.
- 22. 2.7.1.1. Classifications ofADRs 22 Dose-related (augmented): Predictable Non-dose-related (bizarre):Non predictable Dose-related and time-related (chronic) Time-related (delayed) Withdrawal (end of use) Failure of therapy (failure).
- 23. 2.7.1.2. Management ofadverse drug effect 23 Start with low doses and frequencies and slowly titrate as tolerated. Initiate less-potent agents, agents with direct mechanisms of action, or alternatives with lower adverse event incidence. Avoid or reduce the use of interacting medications. Prescribe dosage forms with minimal systemic exposure (eg creams, patches)
- 24. 2.7.2. Contraindications 24 Are theconditions that make a medication or process not recommended. A drug's contraindications outline the reasons that a person should not receive a treatment due to potential harmful effects. Drug indications and contraindications are first determined by the drug's manufacturer
- 25. Contra….. 25 Contra indication isclassified as: absolute contra indications: never give in any circumstances e.g. warfarin for patients with bleeding Relative contraindications: may be given in caution e.g. Aspirin for patients with PUD
- 26. 2.8. Drug allergy 26 A drug allergy is the abnormal reaction of your immune system to a medication. Any medication over-the-counter, prescription or herbal is capable of inducing a drug allergy. The most common signs and symptoms of drug allergy are: Skin rash or itching Wheezing or other breathing problems Swelling Anaphylaxis
- 27. Reactions… 27 Anaphylaxis a potentiallylife-threatening reaction that can simultaneously affect two or more organ systems (for example, when there is both a rash and difficulty breathing) Reactions can occur in any part of your body.
- 28. . 28 Diagnosis of drugallergy Skin test (accurate only for penicillin) Management and Treatment Avoid triggers. Seek immediate medical care if symptoms worsen or multiple symptoms occur together (anaphylaxis). Ask and assess for history of allergy Take history of anaphylaxis, wear a medical alert bracelet that lists the trigger.
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