Unit-2 Psychosocial Development.pptx

Unit-2 Psychosocial Development.pptx

• 1.
  Erik Erikson’s theory (Theoryof Psychosocial Development)
• 2.
  Introduction ⚫Erik Erikson wasan ego psychologist. ⚫He emphasized the role of culture and society and the conflicts that can take place within the ego itself. ⚫Erik Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order, and builds upon each previous stage. This is called the epigenic principle.
• 3.
  Psychosocial Stages ⚫He assumesthat crisis occurs at each stage of development and they are of the psychosocial nature. ⚫Successful completion of each stage leads to a healthy personality and acquisition of basic virtues. ⚫Failure to complete the stage successfully can lead to inhibition in completion of other stage and an unhealthy personality.
• 5.
  Trust vs. Mistrust ⚫Thisstage takes place during the first year of life or so. ⚫The infant looks towards the caregiver for stability as he/she is unaware of the world. ⚫If the infant receives care which is reliable and consistent then a sense of trust is available and in harsh and inconsistent care, mistrust is developed. ⚫Success in this stage will lead to a virtue of hope.
• 6.
  Autonomy vs. Shame ⚫This is a stage which lasts between the ages of 18months and three. ⚫ The child learns to play with toys, wear their clothes themselves etc. thus discovering their skills and attaining independence and autonomy. ⚫ If the children are encouraged in this stage, they become confident and secure in their ability. ⚫ If they are discouraged, they lack self-esteem and feel a sense of shame. ⚫ Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of will.
• 7.
  Initiative vs. Guilt ⚫This is a stage around the ages three continuing to five where children assert themselves more frequently. ⚫ Children make friends, plan activities allowing them to develop a sense of initiative and developing their abilities to lead others. ⚫ If the children are criticized or controlled they make become followers and develop a sense of guilt and may feel like a nuisance to others. ⚫ Success in this stage will lead to a virtue of purpose.
• 8.
  Industry(competence) vs. Inferiority ⚫ Childrenare aged 5 to 12 years in this stage and are learning to read, write, do sums etc. ⚫ The child’s peer group creates a significant source of the child’s self esteem. ⚫ If they are encouraged for their initiative they feel industrious and competent to achieve their goals. ⚫ If the opposite happens, they begin to feel inferior and doubt their own abilities and not reach their potential. ⚫ Success in this stage will lead to competence.
• 9.
  Ego Identity vs.Role Confusion ⚫ This is a stage during adolescence i.e. age 12- 18 years. ⚫ Children begin to look at future in terms of career, relationships, family etc. the adolescent re-examines their identity to figure out what their who he/she is. ⚫ He says that the adolescent may feel uncomfortable about their body till until they can adapt the changes. ⚫ Role confusion involves the individual not being sure about themselves or their place in society. ⚫ Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of fidelity.
• 11.
  Intimacy vs. Isolation ⚫Thisstage occurs during young adulthood i.e. ages 18-40years where we begin to share ourselves more intimately with others. ⚫Successful completion in this stage can lead to a comfortable relationship, a sense of commitment, safety and care etc. ⚫Avoiding this can lead to isolation, loneliness and sometimes depression. ⚫Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of love.
• 12.
  Generativity vs. Stagnation ⚫This stageoccurs during middle adulthood i.e. ages 40-65years. ⚫We establish a career, develop relationships, begin families etc. ⚫We give back to society by raising our children, being productive at work, and becoming involved in community service etc. ⚫Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of care.
• 13.
  Ego Integrity vs.Despair ⚫ This occurs at the age of 65+ where we become senior citizens and we tend to slow down our productivity and explore life as a retired person. ⚫ If we see our life as productive, successful we are able to develop integrity. ⚫ If we see our lives unhappy and are dissatisfied with the goals we have achieved, we develop despair, hopelessness and can become depressed. ⚫ Success in this stage leads to the virtue wisdom.
• 14.
  Thank you!