UNIVERSAL HISTORY- GROWTH OF NATIONALISM.pptx

UNIVERSAL HISTORY- GROWTH OF NATIONALISM.pptx

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  GROWTH OF NATIONALISM MadeBy MANJU KARUNAKARAN
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  BACKGROUND OF GROWTHOF NATIONALISM IN INDIA. • National awakening in India in second half of 19th century. • Origin: Nationalism, Right to self- determination. • Initiated by: French Revolution, • Socio- Religious Reform Movements in India. • Political Awareness. • Establishment of Indian National Congress. • Formal beginning of Organised National Movement in India.
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  FACTORS LEADING TOGROWTH OF NATIONALISM. • What is nationalism? • The diverse cultures and empires in India. • Lack of Nationalism. • Individual interest above National Interest. • Indians resisted the British rule but it was localised and scattered. • Inspired to resist foreign powers and determined struggle. • Foreign rule resulted in nationalistic sentiment. • Emergence of national political consciousness and strong feeling of Nationalism.
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  . SOME MAJORFACTORS: Economic Exploitation: • Economic Exploitation- ultimate goal of Britishers. Discontent among- A)Peasants B)Artisans and Craftsmen C)Working Class D)Educated Indians
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  . REPRESSIVE COLONIAL POLICIES: Nature of British Colonial Rule – helped rise of Nationalism.  Britishers promoted their own interests.  Policies- to make India subservient.  Hurdle for India’s economic, social, cultural, intellectual and political development.  Lord Lytton’s Policies- 1876 to 1880
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  . LORD LYTTON’SREPRESSIVE POLICIES: • Grand Delhi Durbar in 1877 to proclaim Queen Victoria’s as Express of India. • Introduced Vernacular Press Act Introduced Indian Arms Act (1878) • Maximum Age limit for Indian Civil Service Examination-reduced from 21 to 19 years. • Import Duty on British textiles reduced. • Ilbert Bill in 1883
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  . SOCIO RELIGIOUS REFORMMOVEMENT • Impact of Western Education. • Realisation (Awareness) in educated class. • Path to progress- best of East and West • Socio- religious movement started. • Movements against Caste system, Child Marriage, Dowry System Sati Infanticide. • Crusade against inequalities. • Religious reform movement.
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  RAJA RAM MOHANROY • Pioneer of greatest social and religious reforms. • Religious and Social Evils in Kolkata. • Deep love for country and people.
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  . APPROACH TOWARDSRELIGION • Great humanist – stress on unity of all religions. • Studied Sanskrit and Hindu Philosophy • Studied Quran, Persian and Arabic Literature. • Intensive study of Western Culture. • 1809- Persian gift to Monotheism. • 1814- Atmiya Sabha • 1828- Brahmo Samaj- Monotheism
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  . REFORMS Raja RamMohan Roy • Rigidity of Caste system. • Campaign for abolition of Sati, Purdah, rights of widow. • Campaign against Polygamy, Child Labour • William Bentick- law against Sati system- making it an offence. • Staunch supporter of women rights.
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  . PIONEER OFINDIAN JOURNALISM • Staunch of nationalist and pioneer of Indian Nationalism. • Journals in different languages. • Spread scientific literary and political knowledge • Raise public opinion on current interest. • Bengali weekly- Samvad Kaumudi Persian Paper- Mirat- ul- Akhbar
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  . POLITICAL RIGHTS •Initiated public agitation for political rights. • Demanded abolishing of trading right of East India Company as well as heavy export duties on Indian goods • Demanded- separation of the executive and judiciary, trial by jury, judicial equality between Indians and the Europeans. • Indianization of superior services.
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  . MAHATMA JYOTHIBAPHULE • Urban Educated member of so called low caste. • Critical of Hindu Religion and customs. A)Upliftment of Women • Women superior to men. • Educated to women. • First Girl School in Pune (1851) • 1854- school for untouchables. • Private orphanage- Widows. • Pioneer of Widow remarriage. • Liberate the depressed classes.
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  . CLASS STRUCTURE ANDSOCIAL JUSTICE • Caste system, an epitome of slavery. • Gulamgiri- description of hardships and distress of lower caste. • Satya Shodhak Samaj- 1873- aim of securing social justice.
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  . SOCIO- RELIGIOUSREFORM MOVEMENTS • Swami Dayanand and Swami Vivekananda- superiority of Indian Culture and Civilization. • Condemned Untouchability and Caste system. • Brotherhood and equality- ideas that attracted- lower class • Reforms – importance of women, participate in national movement. • Protest against British Domination. • Coinage of term- Swaraj.
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  . ROLE OFPRESS • Prominent Newspapers- Amrit bazar Patrika, The Bengali, The Tribune, The Pioneer, The Times of India, The Hindu, The statesman in English. • Newspaper and Magazines in vernacular languages brought out. • Built a strong national sentiment among the Indians. • Message of Patriotism and Liberal thoughts/ideas brought out. • Criticism of unjust policies of Britishers. • Exchange of views among social groups. • Awareness among Indians about happening all over the world.
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  . PROMINENT ASSOCIATIONS A)EASTINDIA ASSOCIATION (1866) • Founded in London in1866 by Dadabhai Naoroji. • Provided information on all Indian subjects to British citizens and members of Parliament. • Voiced grievance of Indian and suggested remedial measures. • Dadabhai Naoroji’s vision/objective in forming the association. • Branches in Mumbai Kolkata and Chennai.
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  . AIMS OF INDIANNATIONAL CONGRESS -Aims were declared by Wyomesh Chandra Banerjee. a) To promote friendly relation between nationalist political worker. b) To develop and consolidate the feelings of national unity. c) To formulate popular demands and present them before the government. d) To train and organise public opinion in the country.
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  . SESSIO N YEAR PRESIDED BY 1ST WyomeshChandra Banerjee 2ND 1886 Dadabhai Naoroji 3RD 1907 Rasbehari Ghosh SESSIONS OF INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS