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Updates on Policy and Codes - BREEAM, Part L, MEES & BB101
The key changes to Building Bulletin 101 include stricter requirements for indoor air quality and thermal comfort. For indoor air quality, the maximum allowable CO2 level is reduced from 1500 ppm to 2000 ppm. For thermal comfort, the overheating criteria have been updated to align with CIBSE TM52, focusing on hours of exceedance, weighted exceedance, and maximum temperature delta. Demonstrating compliance will require a more rigorous analysis of overheating risk using dynamic thermal modeling. Overall, the revisions aim to improve classroom ventilation and temperature conditions to optimize learning.
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Updates on Policy and Codes - BREEAM, Part L, MEES & BB101
- 1. BREEAM 2018 –Key changes Management Health and Wellbeing Energy Transport Materials Waste Land and Ecology Pollution
- 2. BREEAM 2018 –Key changes • Areas of change: – Health and Wellbeing: a review of issues to align with the WELL standard (https://www.wellcertifed.com/), but no other major changes planned. – Ene03: minimum lighting levels will be harder to obtain, requiring 70 lumens per circuit watt instead of 60. – Wst01: standalone credit for a pre-demolition audit. Rather than this being hidden within the resource efficiency credit, the efficiency benchmarks are also being reviewed. – Wst05 Adaptation to Climate Change: this requires solutions to be identified in RIBA Stage 2 and incorporated by RIBA Stage 4 – Pol02: up to 2 credits (previously 3), this is based on the NOx emissions of space and water heating, depending upon the local air quality.
- 3. • Exemplary credit BREEAM2018 – Wst05 Adaptation to Climate Change
- 4. BREEAM 2018 –Mat 01 & Mat 02 • Mat 01 Environmental impacts from construction products - Building life cycle assessment (LCA) and • Mat 02 Environmental impacts from construction products - Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) • Instead of basing credits on Green Guide ratings, credits are awarded on a life cycle analysis, rewarding proactive design teams for early involvement.
- 5. BREEAM 2018 –Ene01 • Simple buildings have – 9 credits available at design stage, – a further 4 credits are available if the developer completes additional energy modelling during design & PC. • Requirement to undertake predicted operational energy consumption (POEC) modelling and analysis at both design and post-construction stages. • Potential to deliver real energy and carbon emission savings by aligning predicted with operational benchmarks, rather than just relying on Part L regulated energy use predictions.
- 6. Regulated energy: heating, hotwater, cooling, ventilation and lighting Unregulated energy: plug loads, server rooms, security, external lighting, lifts, etc. Extra occupancy and equipment operating hours: evening/ weekend working Inefficiencies: Poor control, commissioning maintenance, etc Special Functions: trading floors, cafeterias, etc Performance Gap Adapted from Carbon Buzz
- 7. What is themagnitude of the gap? BER Regulated Load Carbon Buzz Innovate UK Carbon Trust 57% of BER 280% of BER Up to 400% of BER Building Emissions Rate (BER) vs. actual in-use energy consumption Figures vary widely but clear it exists 25% 25%25%25% Regulated Load Unregulated Load Remaining Performance Gap BER Regulated Load Carbon Buzz Innovate UK Carbon Trust Unregulated load accounts for an average of 25% of overall energy use. Goes up to 65% in offices
- 8. Minimum Energy EfficiencyStandard (MEES)
- 9. Minimum Energy EfficiencyStandard (MEES) • As of 1st April 2018 MEES for commercially rented properties came into force across England and Wales. • Landlords can no longer grant new, or renew existing, leases on any commercial property with a rating of F or G, – Unless they have proven to make all reasonable (i.e. cost-effective) energy- efficient improvements the building requires. • Recent research has indicated that as much as 20% of the current building stock will fall short of these standards, equating to a staggering £130 billion in commercial property. • From 1 April 2023, landlords must not continue letting a non-domestic property which is already let if that property has an EPC rating of band F or G
- 10. Minimum Energy EfficiencyStandard (MEES) • Opportunities: – Beginning to seen EPCs expire after initial 10 years validity • Check quality of existing EPC. It may be possible to achieve a rating of E or higher simply by recalculating • EPC rating may have decreased since improved building regulations – Using a software tool such as IESVE, it is even possible to run both DSM and SBEM calculation methods from the same platform, enabling a direct comparison of results to choose the option that delivers a more favourable outcome. • SBEM provides exactly what its name states – a Simplified Building Energy Model - and is merely a compliance engine, not a design tool. • DSM involves full annual simulation performed multiple times per hour using real hourly weather data. DSM offers more flexibility to model energy saving technologies to suit individual buildings.
- 11. Minimum Energy EfficiencyStandard (MEES) • Landlords may be exempt when: – Improvements are not cost-effective, i.e. simple payback greater than 7 years – Third party consent for improvements cannot be obtained (e.g. from a superior landlord, tenant or lender) – Improvements may decrease the value of a property by 5% or more, or where cavity wall insulation could damage a building – All relevant improvements are implemented, but the building still fails to achieve an ‘E’ rating – New landlords may be exempt for six months from the date of taking ownership of a property. All other exemptions are valid for a period of 5 years from notification. • What are the penalties? – Fines of up to £150,000 can be enforced, which are dependent on the type of infringement and the length of non-compliance.
- 12. Minimum Energy EfficiencyStandard (MEES)
- 13. MEES Funding • TheGovernment is committed to ensuring the regulations do not entail net or upfront costs to landlords for the required improvements. – Therefore landlords would be permitted to let a property below the minimum ‘E’ standard where the property has undertaken all those improvements that would meet the Green Deal’s ‘Golden Rule’ – that the cost of the work, including finance costs, should not exceed the expected savings. • This calculation would take into account any funding available through: a) Green Deal finance, b) ECO funding, c) Grant funding, d) A combination of these funding mechanisms. • .
- 14. Minimum Energy EfficiencyStandard (MEES) • EPCs provide an important and required standard against which energy efficiency can be benchmarked, an EPC does not provide a true picture of a building’s actual performance. – Significant gaps between predicted building performance, as outlined by an EPC, and actual building performance can exist. • Care should be taken with respect to making decisions surrounding energy improvement options founded on an EPC alone – Need to avoid landlords could be led into making investments in their buildings that are unnecessary or do little to promote building energy efficiency in real world terms.
- 15. Minimum Energy EfficiencyStandard (MEES)
- 16. Warehouse: Lighting Measured Lighting Load ComplianceLighting load profile Security guard turns lights on and off at weekend • Annual lighting load based on Compliance lighting profile (blue) was 63.6 MWh. • Actual recorded lighting load (red) is 131.6 MWh • Affects heating / cooling
- 17. Warehouse: Equipment • Annualequipment load based on Compliance lighting profile (blue) was 72.5 MWh. • Actual recorded equipment load (red) is 22.7 MWh • Affects heating / cooling Compliance Profile Warehouse Equip. Actual measurements for Warehouse Equip.
- 18.
- 19. More data capturedand managed = clearer picture of your building’s performance Using Data to build a complete picture Dynamic Simulation Model + Operational Data Actual Building Gap between predicted and actual performance can be closed to 5-10%
- 20.
- 21. • The consultationclosed on 6th September 2016. • There are two key changes based on the draft BB101 proposal: – Indoor air quality: carbon dioxide (CO2) levels – Thermal comfort Building Bulletin 101
- 22. • Studies havesuggested that the perfect CO2 conditions for an average classroom would be 1200 parts per million (ppm) of CO2 in a room. • This level is not consistently achievable through natural ventilation and as such BB101 has set a limit of 2000 ppm. – Coupled with the risks of drifting from ideal temperature and humidity conditions, a drive toward better CO2 control in the new consultation attempts to achieve better performance for optimised learning conditions. Building Bulletin 101 – C02
- 23. • BB101 2006regulations used the same rates whether the ventilation was natural, mechanical or hybrid to ensure that CO2 levels never exceeded 1500 ppm: • Maximum litres per second per person of fresh air that needed to be supplied to a teaching space at any occupied time was 8 l/s/p. • A daily average of 5 l/s/p. • And never dropped below 3 l/s/p. • The proposed BB101 attempts to find a better operational and commercial balance between the two very different ventilation strategies: – Naturally ventilated teaching • Average daily ventilation rate of 5 l/s/p. • Concentration of CO2 less than 1500 ppm. – Mechanically ventilated teaching • Need to achieve a daily average CO2 concentration of less than 1000 ppm. • Typically achieved by supplying around 8–9 l/s/p of fresh air. Building Bulletin 101 – C02
- 24. • Demonstrating thatthe classroom would not suffer from overheating was relatively easy to do under BB101 2006. – CIBSE TRY (Test Reference Year) weather data, instead of the much hotter DSY (Design Summer Year) weather data could be used for the simulation, generated concerns and has led to an emphasis on thermal comfort in the revised BB101 guide. Building Bulletin 101 – Overheating
- 25. • Current BB101criteria: – These standards apply outside the heating season and are for the occupied period of 09:00 to 15:30, Monday to Friday, from 1st May to 30th September. • There should be no more than 120 hours when the air temperature in the classroom rises above 28°C. • The average internal to external temperature difference should not exceed 5°C (i.e. the internal air temperature should be no more than 5°C above the external air temperature on average). • The internal air temperature when the space is occupied should not exceed 32°C. Building Bulletin 101 – Overheating
- 26. • In orderto show that the proposed school would not suffer from overheating, two of these three criteria needed to be met. – The three criteria from CIBSE TM52 are: • Hours of Exceedance (He): – For schools, the number of hours (He) that DT is greater than or equal to one degree (K) during the period 1st May to 30th September for the defined hours shall not be more than 40 hours. • Daily Weighted Exceedance (We): – To allow for the severity of overheating, the weighted exceedance (We) shall be less than or equal to 6 in any one day. • Upper Limit Temperature (Tupp): – To set an absolute maximum value for the indoor operative temperature, the value of DT shall not exceed 4K. • Recent Facilities Output Specification appears to required compliance with Criterion 1 only Building Bulletin 101 – Overheating
- 27. Building Bulletin 101– Overheating Overall Passed: 241 rooms: Failed: 3 rooms: Unoccupied: 842 rooms: Data: Days data= 365 01-Jan 31-Dec Days (summer)= 153 01-May 30-Sep Data OK? OK Full summer Occupancy: Note: This report assesses occupied periods only. Please be aware that TM52 should be conducted for occupied and/or “available hours”. Use of educational NCMprofiles may be seen as inappropriate due to prolonged unoccupied periods during summer months. See Section 6.1.2 (a) of TM52 for further information. Passed: 241 rooms: Room Name Room ID Occupied days (%)Criteria 1 (%Hrs Top-Tmax>=1K)Criteria 2 (Max. Daily Deg.Hrs)Criteria 3 (Max. DeltaT)Criteria failing L00: A.G.01_Bedroom RM00001C 100 0 0 0 - L00: A.G.02_Bedroom RM00001B 100 0.3 6 1 - L00: A.G.03_Bedroom RM000022 100 0.3 6 1 - L00: A.G.04_Bedroom RM000019 100 0.3 6 1 - L00: A.G.05_Bedroom RM000020 100 0.3 6 1 - L00: A.G.06_Bedroom RM000017 100 0.3 6 1 - L00: A.G.07_Bedroom RM00001E 100 0.5 8 1 2 L00: A.G.08_Bedroom RM00001D 100 0.3 6 1 - L00: A.G.09_Living/Kitchen RM000014 100 0 0 0 - L00: B.G.01_Studio RM00000F 100 1.3 15 2 2 L00: C.G.01_Bedroom ST000009 100 0.2 6 1 - L00: C.G.02_Bedroom ST000008 100 0.3 6 1 -
- 28. Building Bulletin 101– Summary
- 29. Bruce Elrick [email protected] T: 0141945 8500 www.iesve.com
Editor's Notes
- #6 This will have a profound effect on closing the performance gap,’ Extensive further modelling is likely to be required, beyond that currently produced for building regulation compliance. Continuing the theme of closing the performance gap, Ene01 requires accurate estimations of both regulated and unregulated energy demands, along with; occupancy hours, weather, operating hours for systems and management factors.
- #7 Other contributing factors are: Simplistic simulation methodologies Simple analytical software Monthly calculation Poor Modelling Lack of understanding Inaccurate operational assumptions The problems associated with the Performance Gap are compounded by Building Operation issues and poor construction issues: Energy wastage Poor control Energy inefficiency of equipment
- #8 This is an optional new stage following design and post construction stages that aims to close the performance gap (the difference between modelled performance and actual performance). It’s data hungry and requires actual building consumptions for electricity, gas and water for its first year of habitation, along with occupancy information. Research has shown that actual performance rarely meets the predicted performance. As such, this verification stage offers up to 12 credits to address the gap in various credit issues, helping to inform future building energy models and close the gap. It will be interesting to see how widely this stage is adopted and whether it will form future planning requirements..
- #11 Although both SBEM and DSM are approved methods for compliance,
- #12 Although both SBEM and DSM are approved methods for compliance,
- #14 The landlord is free to contribute extra to the cost of the energy efficiency improvements in order to realise the benefits from installing measures. However there is no compulsion to do so
- #15 An EPC does not take into consideration all sources of energy use within a building and many important loads can be ignored. For example, a building may already contain machinery or equipment that in the real world is producing high-level heat gains, which the EPC could disregard entirely. As such, the building may be fitted with additional (and expensive) heating systems that are of no real benefit and will lie dormant much of the year. Meanwhile, a more thorough and accurate ‘real building’ analysis would have avoided such a decision and perhaps even indicated a need for cooling to counteract the heat gains and prevent issues with overheating.
- #17 The actual lighting load for the warehouse was different – tending to use less energy
- #18 The actual lighting load for the warehouse was different – tending to use less energy
- #20 The more data that is collected, and the better it is managed, the more useful it becomes. Pragmatic use of naming conventions and taxonomies can make it more cost effective to analyse, visualize, and derive value from our operational data. Data collected from operational sites can also be used to feedback into new design and ‘seed’ the design process from a grass roots level, leading to better designs, and better buildings! IES can deliver a robust data collection and analysis strategy: Effective Logging Well organised and managed, with clear naming conventions Gaps identified & filled using simulation Stored for a long time period, in a manner that is easily accessible Analyse data and find opportunities
- #27 This drive towards greater thermal focus during initial design of the school ensures that any teaching spaces will be more comfortable for learners and more robust against possible future temperature increases due to climate change.
- #28 This drive towards greater thermal focus during initial design of the school ensures that any teaching spaces will be more comfortable for learners and more robust against possible future temperature increases due to climate change.