Us impact of social ineuality on health an indian perspective

Us impact of social ineuality on health an indian perspective

• 1.
  4/12/2015 1 Impact ofSocial Inequality on Health: An Indian Perspective Presented by: Yade Lal Tekhre Former Director (Research) National Human Rights Commission, India & Former Prof. of Sociology National Institute of Health and Family Welfare New Delhi, Government of India 4/12/2015
• 2.
  4/12/2015 Socio-economic and culturalissues Population and Demographic profile Family and community based facts and figures Social problems and challenges This presentation is based on social determinants of health
• 3.
  • Second largestcountry in the world • India lives in villages • Social Stratification: caste & class • Joint family system • Economic disparity • Poor health facilities • Density of population Basic features of India: in relation to health 4/12/2015
• 4.
  Rate of Increasein Indian Population https://www.youtube.com Per Year 1,55,31,000 Per Month 12,73,033 Per Day 42,434 Per Hour 1,768 Per Minute 29 4/12/2015
• 5.
  THE FAMILY ANDCOMMUNITY • Unplanned pregnancy & unwanted child • Early marriage and early pregnancy • Socialization of the girl child • Average age at marriage • Gender inequality • Child marriage • Size of the family • Son preference 4/12/2015
• 6.
  • Multiple pregnancies •Low male participation in RCH • Joint family system • Gender discrimination • Poor socialization of the girl child • Stigma/Misconceptions about: food, delivery of health care, disease etc • Unsafe deliveries, poor ANC registration/Institutional deliveries • Dowry death; suicide rate 4/12/2015
• 7.
  Community & Society •Basic occupation still agriculture • Tribal, rural and scattered population difficult to approach • Alcoholism, crime rate, food habits, • Poor health status: maternal and child health: Anemia • Illiteracy: poor enrolment, drop outs, quality of education 4/12/2015
• 8.
  Violence and crime •Violence against women (dowry deaths) • Rape (a rape every 22 minutes) many unreported • Religious complex • Terrorism, naxalite caste related violence • Female foeticide and infanticide • Violation of human rights • Child labour and slavery (bondage labour) 4/12/2015
• 9.
  • Human trafficking:women and children women and girls are trafficked within the country for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced marriage especially in those areas where the sex ratio is highly skewed in favour of men • Violation of Human Rights  Life, Liberty, Equality and Dignity  Organ transplantation  Primary health  Lack of treatment of chronic/communicable disease 4/12/2015
• 11.
  Social stratifications • PeculiarClass & Caste system  inferiority complex  cultural practices  social status  untouchability & discrimination  social mobility  endogamy  restricted choice of occupation 4/12/2015
• 12.
  Economic status: Poverty andunemployment • Human Development Index Rank 136 • 0ut of 186 countries Low per capita income $1570 in 2013, ranked at 120th out of 164 countries by the World Bank • Pitiable sanitation conditions • Corruption • work culture, unequal wages, wider gap between have and have not (21% of the world’s global burden of disease, anemia among children and women) 4/12/2015
• 13.
  Environmental issues • Pollution:air, soil, water, thermal, radioactive • Poor hygienic living conditions • Hazardous workplace • Occupational & waterborne disease • Unsafe drinking water and poor sanitation • Deforestation • Natural calamities: drought, flood, stock, earthquakes, cyclone, hot waves, cold waves 4/12/2015
• 14.
  Major Initiatives andAchievements to Overcome Challenges & Inequalities • Empowerment of women and children • Partnership with stakeholders: Public Private Partnership, health sector reform • Economic and educational attainments • Socio-economic developments: drugs and technology, health information system • Strengthen of public health system and universal health coverage: preventive, curative & promotive • Policies and programs for overall development
• 15.
  THANK YOU