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- 1. DIRECTIONS: With aspecial focus on the premise of political scenario that creates an economic scenario and vice versa. Write the causes and consequences of social change. SOCIAL CHANGE CAUSES CONSEQUENCES Technology Apps that makes life easy
- 2. hat is Sociology? •Sociology is the “systematic and scientific study of human behavior, social groups, and society” • Basic insights - Who we are is affected by the groups we belong to - Interaction takes place in the patterned ways Two questions • Why do people behave the way they do? • Why are their social situations the why they are? (Coser et AL. 1991:4)
- 3. hat is Sociology? Sociologyis the study of human behavior in society • It’s a scientific way of thinking about society that includes: • Observation • Reasoning • Analysis of data • Theoretical knowledge • Knowledge of the worm of other sociologists
- 4. hat is Sociology? Sociologyis a social science that studies man not as an individual but in the context of how he relates with others in a group, needing other people to survive and vice versa.
- 5. WHAT ARE THENATURE OF SOCIOLOGY? • Sociology is a Pure Science and not an Applied Science – Its main aspect is acquisition of knowledge about human society. • Sociology is Relatively an Abstract Science and not a Concrete Science – Concerned with the forms of human events and patterns. • Sociology is a Generalizing and not a Particularizing or Individualizing Science – Conclude all the principles on general not on individuals.
- 6. WHAT ARE THENATURE AND SCOPES OF SOCIOLOGY The field of sociology aims to explore the development, persistence, and transformation of societies. Its scope encompasses the examination of social institutions, social processes, and social groups. Sociology primarily emphasizes the analysis of social issues rather than providing normative suggestions for their resolution. Some of the key elements of the scope of sociology include:
- 7. WHAT ARE THENATURE AND SCOPES OF SOCIOLOGY The field of sociology aims to explore the development, persistence, and transformation of societies. Its scope encompasses the examination of social institutions, social processes, and social groups. Sociology primarily emphasizes the analysis of social issues rather than providing normative suggestions for their resolution. Some of the key elements of the scope of sociology include:
- 8. WHAT ARE THENATURE AND SCOPES OF SOCIOLOGY Schools of Thought There are two main schools of thought in sociology: the specialist school of thought and the synthetic school of thought. Specialist School of Thought • The specialist school of thought focuses on a particular aspect of society, such as the family, the economy, or the state. • Focuses on in-depth analysis and understanding of particular social institutions or phenomena. • Specialized scholars contribute to comprehensive knowledge within their chosen field.
- 9. WHAT ARE THENATURE AND SCOPES OF SOCIOLOGY Synthetic School of Thought • The synthetic school of thought takes a more holistic approach to sociology. It studies society as a whole. • Encourages interdisciplinary approaches and the integration of knowledge from various social sciences. • Scholars strive to bridge gaps between disciplines to gain a holistic understanding of society.
- 10. THE SOCIAL IMAGINATION C.Wright Mills (1916-1962) American, The Sociological Imagination (1956) The ability to see the social patterns that influence individuals, families, groups, and organizations. An awareness of the relationship between the individual and the wider society, both today and in the past. To understand personal – private troubles – in the context within which they arise – out of social forces, social problems. To make the connections to the root causes of structure and move away from seeing things through the lens individual problems and solutions, but structural problems with structural situation.
- 12. Key Elements ofScope of Sociology The scope of sociology includes key elements that shape its study and application: Social interaction • Sociology studies how people interact with each other. This includes the study of groups, organizations, and social networks. Social institutions • Sociology studies the major social institutions in society, such as the family, the economy, and the state.
- 13. Key Elements ofScope of Sociology Social change Sociology studies how societies change over time. This includes the study of factors that contribute to social change, such as: • technological innovation, • economic development, and • political upheaval. Social Inequalities Investigating the distribution of resources, opportunities, and power among different groups. Social Problems Identifying and addressing social issues like poverty, crime, discrimination, and inequality.
- 14. Focus Areas ofScope of Sociology Sociology encompasses various focus areas for specialization: Sociology of Education - Studying educational systems, processes, and their impact on individuals and society. Sociology of Religion - Exploring the role of religion, beliefs, and practices in shaping social behavior and institutions. Sociology of Gender - Investigating the social construction of gender, gender roles, and their influence on interactions. Sociology of Health and Medicine - Analyzing social factors affecting health, illness, and healthcare systems. Sociology of Culture - Examining the impact of culture, values, and cultural practices on social life.
- 15. What are theGoals of Sociology? • Investigate human social behavior from a group rather than an individual perspective. • Understand PATTERNS of group behavior • How? • Development of sociological perspective • The ability to identify & understand societal trends
- 16. What are theGoals of Sociology? • Understand & explain patterns of social behavior - Why do we give presents on certain occasions - Why do we shake hands - Examines issues such as aging, poverty, crime, mental illness
- 17. What are theGoals of Sociology? SOCIAL STRUCTURE • Goal of Sociology: To understand the connections between what society makes of us and what we make of ourselves. • What we do both gives shape to and is shaped by society. That is, we structure society and the same time structured by society.
- 18. What are theGoals of Sociology? The Goals of Sociology includes: • Understanding the workings of human society and explaining social behavior. • Analyzing how human actions and beliefs interact with larger social structures. • Envisioning and enacting positive change. • Studying human thought and activity at all levels, from the individual to the global. • Focusing on relationships, interactions, social processes, and contexts.
- 19. What are theBranches of Sociology? 1. Social Organization 2. Social Psychology 3. Applied Sociology 4. Population Studies 5. Human Ecology 6. Sociological Theory and Resew 7. Social Change
- 20. PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIOLOGY Sociologyemerged as a separate discipline in the nineteenth century. This was a time of great social turmoil due to largely to the French and industrial Revolutions. Several early sociologists shaped the direction of the discipline.
- 21. • Auguste Comte(1798-1857) – Responsible for coining the term “sociology .” He set out to develop the “science of man” that would be based on empirical observation. He focused on two aspects of society: • Social Statics – forces which produce order and stability. • Social Dynamics – forces which contribute to social change.
- 22. • Herbert Spencer(1820-1903) – Authored the first sociology text, Principles of Sociology. He is the most well-known for proposing a doctrine called ”Social Darwinism.” According to the theory, which was popular in the late 19th and early20th centuries, the weak were diminished and their cultures delimited while the strong grew in power and cultural influence over the weak. Social Darwinists held that the life of humans in society was struggle for existence ruled by “survival of the fittest “
- 23. • Karl Marx(1818-1883) – He is the father of the social conflict theory and analyzed how the economic system of capitalism leads to conflict and inequality among different groups in society. Moreover, he predicted that revolution would occur producing first socialist state, followed by a communist society. Saw human history in a continual state of conflict between two major classes: • Bourgeoisie – owners of the means of production (capitalists) • Proletariat – the workers
- 24. WHAT ARE THREESOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES THAT SOCIOLOGISTS EMPLOY IN SOCIOLOGY 1. Symbolic Interactionism 2. Functionalism 3. Conflict Theory
- 25. CHAPTER SUMMARY • Sociologystudies patterns in human social behavior. It assume a group, rather than an individual perspective. • Sociology is a Young science that started in Europe. After World War II, Americans took the lead in developing the field. • The three major theoretical perspectives are: functionalism (society as an integrated whole), conflict theory (class, race, and gender struggles), and symbolic interactionism (how group members use shared symbols as they interact).
Editor's Notes
- #5 there are different types and nature and scope of sociology sociology as a field of study is concerned with the study of people in a group or social context not as isolated individuals right so one of the scope and nature of sociology is that it promises to help men understand what is happening in him in relation to his environment why certain social phenomena occur another one is that sociology explains human behavior in relation to social interactions among individuals which cause or influence their behavior it is a body of related generalization about human social behavior which were taken into account using scientific methods those are the nature and scope of
- #6 there are different types and nature and scope of sociology sociology as a field of study is concerned with the study of people in a group or social context not as isolated individuals right so one of the scope and nature of sociology is that it promises to help men understand what is happening in him in relation to his environment why certain social phenomena occur another one is that sociology explains human behavior in relation to social interactions among individuals which cause or influence their behavior it is a body of related generalization about human social behavior which were taken into account using scientific methods those are the nature and scope of
- #7 there are different types and nature and scope of sociology sociology as a field of study is concerned with the study of people in a group or social context not as isolated individuals right so one of the scope and nature of sociology is that it promises to help men understand what is happening in him in relation to his environment why certain social phenomena occur another one is that sociology explains human behavior in relation to social interactions among individuals which cause or influence their behavior it is a body of related generalization about human social behavior which were taken into account using scientific methods those are the nature and scope of
- #8 there are different types and nature and scope of sociology sociology as a field of study is concerned with the study of people in a group or social context not as isolated individuals right so one of the scope and nature of sociology is that it promises to help men understand what is happening in him in relation to his environment why certain social phenomena occur another one is that sociology explains human behavior in relation to social interactions among individuals which cause or influence their behavior it is a body of related generalization about human social behavior which were taken into account using scientific methods those are the nature and scope of
- #9 there are different types and nature and scope of sociology sociology as a field of study is concerned with the study of people in a group or social context not as isolated individuals right so one of the scope and nature of sociology is that it promises to help men understand what is happening in him in relation to his environment why certain social phenomena occur another one is that sociology explains human behavior in relation to social interactions among individuals which cause or influence their behavior it is a body of related generalization about human social behavior which were taken into account using scientific methods those are the nature and scope of
- #10 there are different types and nature and scope of sociology sociology as a field of study is concerned with the study of people in a group or social context not as isolated individuals right so one of the scope and nature of sociology is that it promises to help men understand what is happening in him in relation to his environment why certain social phenomena occur another one is that sociology explains human behavior in relation to social interactions among individuals which cause or influence their behavior it is a body of related generalization about human social behavior which were taken into account using scientific methods those are the nature and scope of
- #11 there are different types and nature and scope of sociology sociology as a field of study is concerned with the study of people in a group or social context not as isolated individuals right so one of the scope and nature of sociology is that it promises to help men understand what is happening in him in relation to his environment why certain social phenomena occur another one is that sociology explains human behavior in relation to social interactions among individuals which cause or influence their behavior it is a body of related generalization about human social behavior which were taken into account using scientific methods those are the nature and scope of
- #12 there are different types and nature and scope of sociology sociology as a field of study is concerned with the study of people in a group or social context not as isolated individuals right so one of the scope and nature of sociology is that it promises to help men understand what is happening in him in relation to his environment why certain social phenomena occur another one is that sociology explains human behavior in relation to social interactions among individuals which cause or influence their behavior it is a body of related generalization about human social behavior which were taken into account using scientific methods those are the nature and scope of
- #13 there are different types and nature and scope of sociology sociology as a field of study is concerned with the study of people in a group or social context not as isolated individuals right so one of the scope and nature of sociology is that it promises to help men understand what is happening in him in relation to his environment why certain social phenomena occur another one is that sociology explains human behavior in relation to social interactions among individuals which cause or influence their behavior it is a body of related generalization about human social behavior which were taken into account using scientific methods those are the nature and scope of
- #14 there are different types and nature and scope of sociology sociology as a field of study is concerned with the study of people in a group or social context not as isolated individuals right so one of the scope and nature of sociology is that it promises to help men understand what is happening in him in relation to his environment why certain social phenomena occur another one is that sociology explains human behavior in relation to social interactions among individuals which cause or influence their behavior it is a body of related generalization about human social behavior which were taken into account using scientific methods those are the nature and scope of
- #15 there are different types and nature and scope of sociology sociology as a field of study is concerned with the study of people in a group or social context not as isolated individuals right so one of the scope and nature of sociology is that it promises to help men understand what is happening in him in relation to his environment why certain social phenomena occur another one is that sociology explains human behavior in relation to social interactions among individuals which cause or influence their behavior it is a body of related generalization about human social behavior which were taken into account using scientific methods those are the nature and scope of
- #16 there are different types and nature and scope of sociology sociology as a field of study is concerned with the study of people in a group or social context not as isolated individuals right so one of the scope and nature of sociology is that it promises to help men understand what is happening in him in relation to his environment why certain social phenomena occur another one is that sociology explains human behavior in relation to social interactions among individuals which cause or influence their behavior it is a body of related generalization about human social behavior which were taken into account using scientific methods those are the nature and scope of
- #17 there are different types and nature and scope of sociology sociology as a field of study is concerned with the study of people in a group or social context not as isolated individuals right so one of the scope and nature of sociology is that it promises to help men understand what is happening in him in relation to his environment why certain social phenomena occur another one is that sociology explains human behavior in relation to social interactions among individuals which cause or influence their behavior it is a body of related generalization about human social behavior which were taken into account using scientific methods those are the nature and scope of
- #18 let's talk about now the different goals of sociology obtain possible theories and principles about society as well as various aspects of social life critically studied the nature of humanity which also leads to examining our goals within the society it also appreciates that all things in society of course are inter interdependent with each other an individual's personal history is connected to his or her environment's history which is also tied into the nation's history another one it broken our familiarity on sociological facts which are acquired through empirical process and incidentally it makes us realize our prejudices on various social issues and it also exposed our minds to the different perspective perspectives on attaining the truth for instance some theories especially the social philosophers argue that the truth is relative this sociological viewpoint diminishes the theory that there is an absolute truth furthermore the determination whether an action or behavior is good or bad depends on one's social norms okay
- #19 and what are the branches of sociology we have seven branches of sociology the first one is the social organization what is social organization this includes the study of social institutions social inequality social mobility religious groups and bureaucracy number two is the social psychology in this area it focuses on the study of human nature and its emphasis on social processes as they affect individual or responses which are called social stimuli and number three we have applied sociology this is concerned with a specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations the goal of applied sociology is to assist in resolving social problems through the use of sociological research another one is the population studies in this area of sociology it includes the size the growth of the demographic character demographic characteristics the composition the migration changes and quality vis-a-vis economic political and social systems in number five we have human ecology it pertains to the study of the effects of various social organizations religious organizations political institutions and many more to the population's behavior and number six we have sociological theory and methods and techniques to scientifically explain a particular sociological issue okay it explained a particular sociological issue and in number seven we have social change it is studies factors that cause social organization and social disorganizations like calamity and and health welfare drug abuse drastic and gradual social change political instability unemployment and underemployment child and women's issue okay there are three sociological
- #20 perspectives that sociologists employ in sociology the first one is the symbolic interactionism the symbolic interactionism view use symbols and face-to-face interaction it generalizes about fundamental of everyday form of social interaction while functionalism number two according to this theory each aspect of society is interdependent and contributes to society's functioning as a wool okay in number three we have conflict theory this view that there is a competition for scarce resources how the elite control the poor and the way conflict or tension between competing groups enables one to better comprehend social
- #21 perspectives that sociologists employ in sociology the first one is the symbolic interactionism the symbolic interactionism view use symbols and face-to-face interaction it generalizes about fundamental of everyday form of social interaction while functionalism number two according to this theory each aspect of society is interdependent and contributes to society's functioning as a wool okay in number three we have conflict theory this view that there is a competition for scarce resources how the elite control the poor and the way conflict or tension between competing groups enables one to better comprehend social
- #22 perspectives that sociologists employ in sociology the first one is the symbolic interactionism the symbolic interactionism view use symbols and face-to-face interaction it generalizes about fundamental of everyday form of social interaction while functionalism number two according to this theory each aspect of society is interdependent and contributes to society's functioning as a wool okay in number three we have conflict theory this view that there is a competition for scarce resources how the elite control the poor and the way conflict or tension between competing groups enables one to better comprehend social
- #23 perspectives that sociologists employ in sociology the first one is the symbolic interactionism the symbolic interactionism view use symbols and face-to-face interaction it generalizes about fundamental of everyday form of social interaction while functionalism number two according to this theory each aspect of society is interdependent and contributes to society's functioning as a wool okay in number three we have conflict theory this view that there is a competition for scarce resources how the elite control the poor and the way conflict or tension between competing groups enables one to better comprehend social
- #24 perspectives that sociologists employ in sociology the first one is the symbolic interactionism the symbolic interactionism view use symbols and face-to-face interaction it generalizes about fundamental of everyday form of social interaction while functionalism number two according to this theory each aspect of society is interdependent and contributes to society's functioning as a wool okay in number three we have conflict theory this view that there is a competition for scarce resources how the elite control the poor and the way conflict or tension between competing groups enables one to better comprehend social
- #25 perspectives that sociologists employ in sociology the first one is the symbolic interactionism the symbolic interactionism view use symbols and face-to-face interaction it generalizes about fundamental of everyday form of social interaction while functionalism number two according to this theory each aspect of society is interdependent and contributes to society's functioning as a wool okay in number three we have conflict theory this view that there is a competition for scarce resources how the elite control the poor and the way conflict or tension between competing groups enables one to better comprehend social