USING PRIMARY SOURCES
   In K-6 Social Studies
           EDEL 157
       3 February 2010
        Robin M. Katz
http://researchguides.uvm.edu/
       edel157spring2011
       Check Out Your Class
      Research Guide Online!
PRIMARY vs. SECONDARY SOURCES
Eye-Witness      Second-Hand Account
Testimonial      “Pieced together later”
Contemporary     Uses Primary Sources
Original         Interprets creative work
Earlier drafts   Analyzes Research
Raw data
EXAMPLES: PRIMARY SOURCES
Diaries                 Creative works
Letters                 Maps
Photos                  Postcards
Contemporary            Receipts
  Newspapers            Oral histories,
Business Reports          interviews
Vital Records (birth,   Speeches
  death, marriage)      TV news footage
EXAMPLES: SECONDARY SOURCES
Books                   Art/literary criticism
Journal Articles        Analyses of scientific
Textbooks                 studies
Biographies
Later or interpretive
  newspaper articles
Documentary Films
BENEFITS
•   Fun!
•   Real perspectives, “history comes alive”
•   New information
•   New views on old information
•   Truth?
•   How “history” is made
CHALLENGES
•   Difficult Handwriting
•   Old Language (spelling, words)
•   Brittle paper, faded ink, holes in text
•   Authenticity: Is this real? Trust-worthy?
•   Not enough information or context:
    who? where?
ANALYZING PRIMARY SOURCES
                YOU HAVE TO SUPPLY THE CONTEXT
What is it?
Who created it? What do we know about them? Their
  perspective/bias?
When is it from? What do we know about the time period?
Where is it from?
What facts are included? Are they accurate?
What opinions are included?
What is implied, conveyed unintentionally, or left out?
What is interesting? Surprising?
What do I not understand?
Adapted from http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-eg/745
USING PRIMARY SOURCES




Source       Topic
USING PRIMARY SOURCES




        Source                         Topic

*Teachers are more likely to do this
WHY TEACH with PRIMARY SOURCES?


        Class divides in half:
           Pros and Cons

       Discussion, Report Back
HOW TO TEACH
         with PRIMARY SOURCES?

• Teacher support programs (Teaching American
  History grants, Library of Congress TPS program)
• Teacher kits / guides (American Diary series)
• Best practices, colleagues
• Apply other teaching methods
• Librarians/archivist s may or may not
  help with this!
WHERE TO FIND?
• Cultural Repositories
  – Libraries (public, university, private)
  – Archives (government, organizational, corporate)
  – Museums, Historical Societies (educators, kits)
• Online
  – Subscription databases (through your library)
  – Free Sites!
• Private Hands / Collectors
  – Students, Families
PHYSICAL (ANALOG) vs. DIGITAL
• Pros and Cons?
  – Ease of access?
  – Missing information?
  – Fun factor?
USING DIGITIZED MATERIALS
• Read about Primary Sources
  – Scout Report:
    http://scout.wisc.edu/Reports/ScoutReport/Current/
• Search for Primary Sources
  – Google
  – Library Catalog
• Go directly to an online repository to BROWSE

Using Primary Sources in K-6 Social Studies

  • 1.
    USING PRIMARY SOURCES In K-6 Social Studies EDEL 157 3 February 2010 Robin M. Katz
  • 2.
    http://researchguides.uvm.edu/ edel157spring2011 Check Out Your Class Research Guide Online!
  • 3.
    PRIMARY vs. SECONDARYSOURCES Eye-Witness Second-Hand Account Testimonial “Pieced together later” Contemporary Uses Primary Sources Original Interprets creative work Earlier drafts Analyzes Research Raw data
  • 4.
    EXAMPLES: PRIMARY SOURCES Diaries Creative works Letters Maps Photos Postcards Contemporary Receipts Newspapers Oral histories, Business Reports interviews Vital Records (birth, Speeches death, marriage) TV news footage
  • 5.
    EXAMPLES: SECONDARY SOURCES Books Art/literary criticism Journal Articles Analyses of scientific Textbooks studies Biographies Later or interpretive newspaper articles Documentary Films
  • 6.
    BENEFITS • Fun! • Real perspectives, “history comes alive” • New information • New views on old information • Truth? • How “history” is made
  • 7.
    CHALLENGES • Difficult Handwriting • Old Language (spelling, words) • Brittle paper, faded ink, holes in text • Authenticity: Is this real? Trust-worthy? • Not enough information or context: who? where?
  • 8.
    ANALYZING PRIMARY SOURCES YOU HAVE TO SUPPLY THE CONTEXT What is it? Who created it? What do we know about them? Their perspective/bias? When is it from? What do we know about the time period? Where is it from? What facts are included? Are they accurate? What opinions are included? What is implied, conveyed unintentionally, or left out? What is interesting? Surprising? What do I not understand? Adapted from http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-eg/745
  • 9.
  • 10.
    USING PRIMARY SOURCES Source Topic *Teachers are more likely to do this
  • 11.
    WHY TEACH withPRIMARY SOURCES? Class divides in half: Pros and Cons Discussion, Report Back
  • 12.
    HOW TO TEACH with PRIMARY SOURCES? • Teacher support programs (Teaching American History grants, Library of Congress TPS program) • Teacher kits / guides (American Diary series) • Best practices, colleagues • Apply other teaching methods • Librarians/archivist s may or may not help with this!
  • 13.
    WHERE TO FIND? •Cultural Repositories – Libraries (public, university, private) – Archives (government, organizational, corporate) – Museums, Historical Societies (educators, kits) • Online – Subscription databases (through your library) – Free Sites! • Private Hands / Collectors – Students, Families
  • 14.
    PHYSICAL (ANALOG) vs.DIGITAL • Pros and Cons? – Ease of access? – Missing information? – Fun factor?
  • 15.
    USING DIGITIZED MATERIALS •Read about Primary Sources – Scout Report: http://scout.wisc.edu/Reports/ScoutReport/Current/ • Search for Primary Sources – Google – Library Catalog • Go directly to an online repository to BROWSE