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Using SimScale for Demonstrating Compliance With LEED, BREEAM & the WELL Building Standard
The document discusses how SimScale, a cloud-based engineering simulation platform, can be utilized to demonstrate compliance with building rating systems like LEED, BREEAM, and WELL through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). It highlights CFD's applications in modeling airflow, thermal comfort, and environmental quality, making it a vital tool during the conceptual design phase. Furthermore, it outlines specific credits within these systems that can benefit from accurate CFD analysis to improve building performance and compliance.
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Using SimScale for Demonstrating Compliance With LEED, BREEAM & the WELL Building Standard
- 1. By Dr. NaghmanKhan & Arnaud Girin Using SimScale for Demonstrating Compliance With LEED, BREEAM & the WELL Building Standard AEC webinar
- 2. About SimScale Who weare Founded in 2012 in Munich (Germany), and currently with an international team on two continents, SimScale is the world’s first production-ready SaaS application for engineering simulation. 2
- 3. About SimScale What wedo We created the world’s first cloud-based platform for CFD, FEA and thermal simulation. ● 150k users worldwide ● 300k simulation projects 3
- 4. Today we willdive into how Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can be used to demonstrate compliance with common building rating systems such as BREEAM, LEED, and WELL. 4 Today’s application CFD for Compliance
- 5. 1. What isCFD? 2. SimScale live demo 3. Building rating systems 4. CFD for compliance 5. Avoiding exhaust air recirculation - Case study 5 Today’s application CFD for Compliance
- 6. What is Computational FluidDynamics (CFD)?
- 7. What is Computational Fluid Dynamics 7 ●Engineering simulation used to model the detailed behavior of fluids. ● In AEC, we can use CFD to model wind and urban microclimate, natural ventilation/HVAC, thermal comfort, and more. ● With SimScale, you can access CFD on a web-browser.
- 8. What is Wind Simulation 8 ●Simulate real wind conditions and its influence on a building/site. Used for: ○ External building aerodynamics ○ Pedestrian Wind Comfort (PWC) ○ Wind loading ○ Wind pressure coefficients (Cp)
- 9. What is CFD forVentilation/HVAC 9 ● Simulating the indoor environment ● Understanding the flow of air in/around a space ● Airflow diffuser types ● Model different types of equipment e.g. underfloor heating, chilled beams
- 10. The Importance of Ventilation 10 ●Is the ventilation adequate and is there enough fresh air inside a space? ● Recirculating air and air mixing ● Fresh air ratio ● Impact of air filters and HVAC equipment ● Draughts and thermal comfort ● Source https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/explainers-53917432
- 11. What is CFD forThermal Comfort 11 ● Temperature distribution within a space (Internal or external) ● Derive thermal comfort outputs e.g. PPD, PMV, average temperatures ● Use it to analyse how comfortable occupants are inside a space ● Air quality, CO2, mean age of air
- 12. Building rating systems Aquick look at environmental certification systems.
- 13. What is a Buildingrating system 13 ● An environmental certification system for applying best practice design, construction, and an operational methodology to a building. ● Goes beyond national and local building regulations and guidelines. ● Use a credit/points system by category ● BREEAM, LEED, WELL, GreenMark, GreenStar, PEARL, QSAS, Estidama, and many more.
- 14. They have incommon 14 ● Independently reviewed and certified ● Professional skills e.g. LEED AP ● Cover many categories: ○ Energy (loads, demand, renewables) ○ Environmental quality (Ventilation, CO2) ○ Water use and efficiency ○ Site sustainability ○ Travel/locality ○ Health and wellbeing ○ Materials What do Source: Building Research Establishment (BRE)
- 15. How can youshow compliance with the rating systems? 15 ● Design tools, skills, and knowledge ● Specialist software tools to demonstrate the sizing/calculations: ○ Thermal modelling/dynamic simulation software ○ Daylight/climate ○ Materials/LCA ○ CFD USA Embassy in London achieved LEED Platinum Source: https://kierantimberlake.com/updates/london-embassy-achieves-leed-platinum
- 16. What are Limitations ofstandard tools? 16 ● Thermal/dynamic simulation tools are used to calculate loads, energy, bulk airflow across a time period using environmental inputs (climate, materials) and internal gains (occupancy, equipment, profiles) as input. ● Zonal models giving space average results for a unit of time over a year typically.
- 17. What is Time Seriesvs. Spatial? 17 ● Do you want time-series or spatial analysis? ○ Temperature ○ Air flow rates ○ CO2 ● Thermal modelling tools will give you time-series average data per zone. ● CFD will give you detailed sub-zone results. For example, temperature or CO2 distribution in a room.
- 18. What types ofcredits can benefit from CFD 18 ● Environmental quality ● Ventilation/natural ventilation ● Thermal comfort ● Site analysis ● Where using CFD to complement thermal modelling will improve accuracy (Cp)
- 19. Let’s take acloser look LEED v4.1 New Construction Credits 19 ● Integrative Process (IP) ● Sustainable Sites (SS) ● Energy & Atmosphere (EA) ● Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ)
- 20. Integrated design Early stageenergy model at concept/massing stage: ● Show early stage design was incorporated ● What impact did it have on final design ● Who was involved? Integrative Process (IP) LEED 20 Early stage box model Concept/massing stage model is perfect for: ● Pedestrian wind comfort study ● Fast and accurate ● Simulate multiple shapes/massings ● Import your CAD model
- 21. Site Assessment/Open Space/heat islandreduction Develop a deep understanding of your site’s challenges and opportunities. ● Atmosphere and climate ● Are there any strong prevailing winds on the site? ● Are these desired for cooling and ventilation, or will they add to building loads? Sustainable Sites (SS) LEED 21 Wind Simulation Wind simulation can inform: ● Pedestrian comfort and safety ● Vegetation & green roofs ● Layout of streetscape ● Impact of wind on energy, comfort and ventilation ● Evaluate Cp values ● Microclimate assessment for heat island reduction
- 22. Optimize Energy Performance Optimizebuilding massing and envelope, reduce heating and cooling demands. ● Traditional domain of thermal modelling/dynamic simulation tools. ● Where can CFD be used to complement these tools? Energy & Atmosphere (EA) LEED 22 Using CFD CFD can improve the accuracy of your thermal/energy model. ● Evaluate wind pressure coefficient (Cp) values in CFD and import them into your thermal/energy model ● Significantly impacts on: ○ Ventilation ○ Heating/cooling loads ○ infiltration
- 23. Minimum IAQ Performance, EnhancedIAQ Strategies, Thermal Comfort Designing for natural ventilation, air flow paths and thermal comfort is a complex task. ● Only CFD can be used to evaluate complex building facade pressures and buoyancy which impact all of the above. Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) LEED 23 Using CFD The behavior of air in and around a building is dynamic: ● How is air speed at the occupant level modelled? ● Are you simulating natural ventilation properly, which is impacted by Cp values? ● Airflow through various diffuser types? ● How does opening a window change the air-flow path?
- 24. BREEAM / WELL 24 ●Important categories: ○ Energy - Reduction of Energy Use and Carbon Emissions ○ Health & Wellbeing - Thermal Comfort and Indoor Air Quality ○ Pollution - Local Air Quality
- 25. Avoiding exhaust airrecirculation How we set up these simulations in the SimScale Platform. Case Study The case of a multistorey building
- 26. 1. Import CADmodel of a multistorey building into SimScale to evaluate air mixing: a. Window and balcony openings, exhaust vents, supply intakes 2. Add climate/location 3. Add boundary conditions 4. Simulate: a. Pedestrian Wind Comfort (PWC) b. Airflow/thermal with OpenFOAM Setup 26
- 27. Results 1. Roof airexhausts are used to extract the stale air from spaces. 2. A mechanical system is uses to extract the air with varying flow rates. 3. The plume spread is influenced by the climatic wind speed, direction,turbulence, and context. 27
- 28. 1. We cantake a closer look at the upstream/downstream effects of a buildings’ aerodynamics under various wind conditions. 2. This is especially useful for site assessment. 3. The impact of trees and vegetation can also be accounted for. Results 28 25 km/h 15 km/h
- 29. 1. Using amulti-direction transient wind analysis we can see the conditions under which: a. The exhaust re-enters the building through windows/balconies b. Enters the supply/windows of neighbouring buildings 2. This methodology is equally applicable to pollution and waste gases from generators, flues, chimneys, and industrial applications. Results 29
- 30. 1. A multi-directionwind analysis is conducted to analyse the building aerodynamics and also the pedestrian wind comfort according to City of London Microclimate guidelines. 2. The same results can be used to export wind pressure coefficients (Cp) and import into thermal modelling tools. Results 30
- 31. Summary 31 ● Especially duringthe conceptual phase, CFD is a powerful tool to predict many aspects of building performance, such as: ○ Environmental quality ○ Ventilation / natural ventilation ○ Thermal comfort etc. ● CFD will help obtaining valuable credit incommon building rating systems such as BREEAM, LEED, and WELL.