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Ustilagomycotina
This document discusses various smut fungi that infect agricultural crops. It provides details on economically important smut pathogens such as Ustilago maydis (corn smut), Tilletia controversa (dwarf bunt of wheat), and Urocystis agropyri (flag smut of wheat). It also summarizes the symptoms, affected plant parts, and disease management strategies for grain smut, head smut, loose smut, and long smut diseases of sorghum. Key differences between rust and smut fungi are outlined, focusing on characteristics like parasitism, spore types, and host specificity.
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Introduction to Ustilagomycotina by N.H. Shankar Reddy, 2nd Ph.D. Plant Pathology, Annamalai University.
Smut diseases cause entire grains to convert into black powdery masses, representing significant agricultural issues.
Important smut pathogens include Ustilago maydis (corn smut), Tilletia species (bunt diseases), and Urocystis agropyri (flag smut).
Ustilago maydis causes galls on corn ears, leaves, stalks, or tassels, impacting crop yield significantly.
Urocystis agropyri leads to twisted, deformed tillers in wheat that transition into black to brown powdery masses.
Comparison of sorghum smut diseases shows differences in pathogens, symptoms, and management with seed treatment.
Contrast between rusts and smut includes their appearance, life cycle, and spore production features.
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- 1. USTILAGOMYCOTINA N.H. SHANKAR REDDY 2ndPh.D. Plant Pathology Annamalai University
- 3. Ustilaginales > Smuts Symptoms– Entire grain are replaced or converted into black color powdery masses
- 4. Economically important pathogensinclude Ustilago maydis (corn smut) Tilletia controversa (dwarf bunt of wheat) Tillieta tritici and T. laevis (common bunt) Tilletia indica (Karnal bunt of wheat) Urocystis agropyri (flag smut)
- 5. Corn smut -Ustilago maydis • Formation on galls on ears, leaves, stalk or tassels
- 6. Flag smut ofwheat – Urocystis agropyri Deformed tillers, infected plants gets twisted and later converted into black to brown colour powdery masses
- 7. Difference between varioussmut diseases of sorghum Particulars Grain smut Head smut Loose smut Long smut Pathogen Sphacelotheca sorghi Sphacelotheca reliana Sphacelotheca cruenta Tolyposporium ehrenbergii Symptoms Individual grains are replaced by smut sori, mostly of the ear got infected The entire ear head/ inflorescence is completely converted into smut spores Majority of the ear portion got affected Small portion of the florets/ grains are infected Sori Small Small Medium- Long Very Large Columella Present (short) Absent Present (long black pointed columella) Absent Site of infection Ovary Inflorescence Ovary Ovary Diseases survival Externally seed borne Soil and seed borne Externally seed borne Air borne Spore viability > 10 years 2 years 4 years 2 years Management All these smuts can be managed by seed treatment with vitavax @ 2gm/ kg of seed
- 8. Write difference between Rustand Smut Particulars Rust Smut Description Rusty appearance on stems and leaves Entire grains are converted into black colour powdery mass Parasitism Obligate plant parasite Facultative saprophyte Class Uredinales Ustilaginales Perfect spore Terminal Intercalary Number of basidiospores per mycelium Four Many Clamp connection and secondary mycelium Rare Common Heteroecism Common Absent Polymorphism Distinct Absent Nature Wheat rusts are heteroecious and other rusts are autoecious All smuts are autoecious Hosts Two hosts in life cycle Only one host in life cycle Number of spores Rust produce all 5 stages of spores pycniospores, aeciospores, urediospore, teliospore and basidiospores All 5 stages of spores are absent