Utilisation of wild genetic resources for hpr

Utilisation of wild genetic resources for hpr

• 1.
  By Bhavyasree RK PhD Geneticsand Plant Breeding
• 2.
   Crop wildrelatives (CWR) are wild plant species closely related to crops, including wild ancestors  They have an indirect use as gene donors for crop improvement due to their relatively close genetic relationship to crops  They are an important socio‐economic resource that offer novel genetic diversity required to maintain future food security.
• 3.
   Two cultivated(2 n = 24, AA) ◦ Oryza sativa ◦ O. glaberrima  22 wild species (2 n = 24, 48) - AA, BB, CC, BBCC, CCDD, EE, FF, GG, KKLL, and HHJJ genome types
• 4.
  Sanchez et al,2013
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   African gallmidge, nematodes, nematodes Stemborer Oryza minuta BPH, GLH Resistance to striped stemborer Oryza brachyantha yellow stemborer, leaf folder, whorl maggot Oryza officinalis Thrips,BPH,GLH,WBPH Oryza ridleyi BPH,BB,zigzag leafhopper stem borer,whorl maggot
• 6.
  Wheat Cultivated species Common wheat (Triticum aestivum) 2n=6x=42 Durumwheat (T. turgidum) 2n=4x=28 Wild species Six diploids 2n=14 Seven tetraploids 2n=4x=28 Three hexaploids 2n=6x=42
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  F1 sterile Chromosomal doubling F1sterile Chromosomal doubling Evolution of hexaploid wheat
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  Ploidy Species Commonname Genome DIPLOID (2n=14) Triticum boeticum (T. aegilopoides) Wild einkorn AA T. monococcum einkorn AA TETRAPLOID (2n=28) T. dococcoides Wild emmer AABB T. dicoccum emmer AABB T. durum Macaroni wheat AABB T. persicum Persian wheat AABB T. turgidum River wheat AABB T.polonicum Polish wheat AABB T.timopheevi - AABB HEXAPLOID 2n=42 T.aestivum Common/bread wheat AABBDD T.compactum Club wheat AABBDD T.sphaerococcum Dwarf wheat AABBDD T.spelta Spelta wheat AABBDD T. macha Macha wheat AABBDD
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  TRAIT LOCUS SOURCE Hessasinfly H21 S. cereale H23,H24 T. tauschii H27 Ag. ventricosa Cereal cyst nematode Cre3 T. tauschii
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   S. nitidum- Found in kodai hills. Processes for shoot fly resistance and dormancy.  Heterosorghum, Parasorghum and Stiposorghum showed high levels of resistance to the spotted stem borer.
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  Wild species  S.spontaneum S.robustum S.spontaneum, 2n=40-128  Wild species, found in Indonesia and New Guinea.  Imparted tolerance to stress, diseases and pest, hardiness and ratooning ability to present day cultivars.
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  G.anomalum G.raimondii G.tomentosum